Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Inhibitors on the Metastatic Behavior of Prostate Cancer Cells: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Senay Yildirim-Kahriman","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.419.426","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.419.426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Functional Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels (VGSCs) are expressed in metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) cells. A number of &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; studies have evaluated the effect of functional VGSC expression on the metastatic cell behavior of PCa cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of VGSC inhibition on metastatic cell behavior in PCa cells by meta-analysis. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Meta-analysis was performed on data taken from 13 publications that examined the effect of VGSC inhibitors on the metastatic cell behavior of metastatic PCa cells expressing functional VGSCs. The measure of effect was calculated according to the random effects model using mean differences and presented with a forest plot graph. Heterogeneity was checked using the Cochran's Q Test (Chi-square statistic) and the I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; test statistic. In order to evaluate the objectivity, the funnels-plot graph was used. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The g value showing the effect size was calculated as 4.49 (95% CI = 5.35-3.62) in the experiments where Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was used, which has a very high specificity for VGSCs but is not licensed for clinical use. In experiments using licensed inhibitors Lamotrigine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin, Ranolazine, Riluzole and Lidocaine, the g value was 1.37 (95 % CI = 2.02-0.71). Suppression of metastatic cell behavior in both subgroups is statistically significant (p<0.00001). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Meta-analysis confirmed that VGSCs are an enhancing factor in the metastasis of PCa cells. The VGSCs appear to be an important target in the diagnosis and development of new treatment options in PCa.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71484684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microorganism Test on Biscuits Combined With Red Algae Extract (<i>Eucheuma denticulatum</i>) and Tempeh (<i>Glycine max</i>).","authors":"Syamsuri Syakri, Indah, Karlina Amir Tahir, Arifah Dewi, Hasma, Yusnita Usman, Rahmatullah Muin, La Sakka","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.442.452","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.442.452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Biscuits are snacks that are widely circulated in the market but do not meet Indonesian National standards so they are harmful to consumer health. This study aims to determine the total plate count (TPC) value of bacteria and mold/yeast and determine the presence or absence of bacterial contamination of &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; in biscuit products. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This study is descriptive in nature using three different sample types. Total plate count (TPC) value testing was carried out using the pour plate method. Meanwhile, to determine the presence or absence of &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; bacteria using MSA (mannitol salt agar) media with the spread plate technique. The &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; test uses EMBA (eosin methylene blue agar) media with a streak plate technique. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Three samples of biscuit formula obtained ALT of bacteria in sample A) 2.2×10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; colonies/g, sample B) 1.9×10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; colonies/g and sample C) 4.1×10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; colonies/g. Mold/khamir obtained in sample A) 7.7×10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; colonies/g, sample B) 5.1×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; colonies/g and sample C) 1.1×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; colonies/g. In the &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; bacteria test, the results were not overgrown with &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; bacteria and in the &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; bacteria test, the results were easily purplish red in color. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; It can be concluded that only formula C samples meet the requirements of the SNI quality standards. In the pathogenic microbial test, there was no growth of &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; microbes in the three biscuit formula samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71484694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>VTE1</i> and <i>VTE3</i> Gene Expression During Vitamin E Production in Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i> L.) Treated with Different Fertilization.","authors":"Habib Hasan Amimy, Roza Yunita, Rauza Sukma Rita, Firsta Ninda Rosadi, Lily Syukriani, Suhada Tri Marneli, Amalia Azizah, Jamsari","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.409.418","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.409.418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Sunflower is one of the important commodities in agriculture. The oil content in sunflower seeds has been widely used as cooking oil, but in Indonesia, the utilization of this oil is still relatively low. In addition, sunflowers also contain vitamin E which is useful as an antioxidant, so it can be used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to determine gene expression at the RNA level towards vitamin E biosynthesis using different fertilization treatments. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Sunflowers that had been given different fertilizers were taken in three flowering phases, R3, R5 and R8. Flower samples were isolated until RNA was obtained. The isolation results were tested using real-time PCR to determine the relative gene expression of the &lt;i&gt;VTE1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;VTE3&lt;/i&gt; genes. After the sunflower seeds were fully ripe, vitamin E content was tested in each treatment and the results were compared with the relative gene expression obtained. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The results obtained were fluctuating, but in general, the relative gene expression obtained in the &lt;i&gt;VTE1&lt;/i&gt; gene increased in the R3 phase and then decreased in the R5 and R8 phases. Whereas, in the &lt;i&gt;VTE3&lt;/i&gt; gene, the relative gene expression obtained experienced an increase in the R3 and R5 phases and then decreased in the R8 phase. The highest vitamin E content was obtained by sample P3 (4218 μg mL&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;) and the lowest was obtained by sample P2 (1798 μg mL&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; A balanced ratio of 92:46:30 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; of major nutrient fertilizer involving N, P and K could increase vitamin E content in sunflowers. Such a combination exhibited stable expression of the &lt;i&gt;VTE1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;VTE3&lt;/i&gt; genes in all phases of flowering.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71484683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vivo</i> Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activity of Soft Coral <i>Nephthea</i> sp. from Southeast Sulawesi.","authors":"Idin Sahidin, Baru Sadarun, Wahyuni Wahyuni, La Ode Muhammad Julian Purnama, Nur Syifa Rahmatika, Muhammad Hajrul Malaka, Fadhliyah Malik, Adryan Fristiohady","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.403.408","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.403.408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Nephthea&lt;/i&gt; sp., has various biological activities. The study on anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory of &lt;i&gt;Nephthea&lt;/i&gt; sp., from Southeast Sulawesi is still limited. Hence, this study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds and their pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Nephthea&lt;/i&gt; sp., was collected from Saponda Island and extracted using ethyl acetate. The chemical contents were analyzed by a phytochemical screening test, anti-inflammatory activity by xylene-induced ear edema and immunomodulatory activity using macrophage phagocytic activity (SPA) in experimental animals. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The ethyl acetate extract of &lt;i&gt;Nephthea&lt;/i&gt; sp., contains flavonoids and steroids. According to the result obtained, the ethyl acetate extract of &lt;i&gt;Nephthea&lt;/i&gt; sp., exhibited anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. The EAN 0.2 demonstrated the highest potency and showed no significant difference compared to diclofenac sodium at a concentration of 0.15 mg mL&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; (p>0.05) with the highest percentage edema inhibition as in xylene-induced ear edema. In addition, EAN 0.2 exhibited a similar result in increasing SPA compared to control (p>0.05). Both assays showed significant differences with negative control in this study (p<0.05). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Soft coral &lt;i&gt;Nephthea&lt;/i&gt; sp., can be a potential candidate as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71484682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory Protective Effects of <i>Nigella sativa</i> and <i>Lactuca sativa</i> Oils on Liver Intoxication in Experimental Animals.","authors":"Elsayed Hamed Ali Bakr, Reema Abdulrahman Saad Alyamani","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.434.441","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.434.441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; The liver plays an important role in transforming and clearing chemicals in human body. Hepatic injury is usually caused by numerous toxic chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide, galactosamine and drugs including paracetamol as overdoses consumption. This investigation aimed to study the immunomodulatory protective effects of black seed (&lt;i&gt;Nigella sativa&lt;/i&gt; L.) oil and lettuce (&lt;i&gt;Lactuca sativa&lt;/i&gt; L.) oil against paracetamol liver intoxication in rats. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Twenty-four male albino rats weighing 150±10 g each, were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (6 rats each) as follows: Control negative; control positive as paracetamol hepatotoxicity; &lt;i&gt;Nigella sativa&lt;/i&gt; oil and &lt;i&gt;Lactuca sativa&lt;/i&gt; oil at a dose of 1 mL kg&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; b.wt., as protective from hepatotoxicity, then serum analysis for all rats were conducted and the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version-22. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; All rats orally preventable injected with &lt;i&gt;Nigella sativa&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Lactuca sativa&lt;/i&gt; oils caused significant decrease in Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC), creatine kinase (CK), Creatine Kinase-MB (CKMB), magnesium (Mg), phosphor (Phos.), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), potassium (K), amylase (Amyl), tri-glycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), creatinine (Creat), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) as compared to liver intoxicated rats. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Black seed oils and &lt;i&gt;Lactuca sativa&lt;/i&gt; oils could be used as natural immunomodulatory agents against paracetamol liver intoxication and enhance the body's immune functions with improving the health status of the liver.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71484693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> Linn.) Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptotic in Breast Cancer Cell Lines T47D.","authors":"Adryan Fristiohady, Wirhamsah Al-Ramadan, La Ode Muhammad Fitrawan, Rini Hamsidi, La Ode Muhammad Julian Purnama, Muhammad Hajrul Malaka, Lidya Agriningsih Haruna, Sahidin","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.427.433","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.427.433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Safflower (&lt;i&gt;Carthamus tinctorius&lt;/i&gt; Linn.) is one of the medicinal plants that contain secondary metabolites that have the potential to as anti-cancer by inducing apoptosis. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds and the induction activity of apoptosis from ethanol extract of safflower in the T47D breast cancer cell line. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Safflower was extracted using 96% ethanol and assayed for phytochemical screening, cytotoxic tests by cell counting kit-8 to determine inhibitory concentration and apoptosis induction activity by flow cytometry to determine the ability of samples induce the programmed cell cancer in death. The data collected was analyzed with the PRISM GraphPad version. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The ethanol extract of safflower contains flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. The results of the anticancer activity test showed an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 479 μg mL&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; and the best percentage of apoptosis at a concentration of 200 μg mL&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; was 16.61% at the beginning of apoptosis and 10.52% at the end of apoptosis. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The safflower can be developed as a breast anticancer agent that works through the induction of apoptosis to improve the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71484695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; Characterization of the Essential Oil Extracted from &lt;i&gt;Lavandula dentata&lt;/i&gt; and its Application in the Field of Biotherapy.","authors":"Mounira Kara Ali,&nbsp;Wahiba Kara Ali,&nbsp;Asma Ait Kaki,&nbsp;Berrabah Hadil,&nbsp;Rechachi Aicha,&nbsp;Noreddine Kacem Chaouche","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.300.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.300.310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Background and Objective:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Lavandula dentata &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;essential oil holds promise as a valuable natural resource with diverse therapeutic potential. The main objective of this study was to investigate the bioactivities of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Lavandula dentata &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;essential oil, specifically its antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-diabetic and anticoagulant properties. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Materials and Methods:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; The Algerian medicinal plant &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Lavandula dentata &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;EO was collected from Tipaza City (Algeria). The hydro-distillation method was used to get yield of essential oil. The GC/MS analysis was done to identify the bioactive compound of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Lavandula dentata&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; EO. The antimicrobial activity of&amp;lt;i&amp;gt; L. dentata &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;essential oil (EO) was assessed using the disc diffusion method against eight different microorganisms. The antidiabetic and anticoagulant activity was also studied. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Results:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; The hydrodistillation method yielded approximately 0.4% of essential oil. The GC/MS results showed that &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;L. dentata&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; EO contains a total of 18 elements and the main constituents were 1.8-cineole (41.48%) and &beta;-pinene (33.43%). The EO exhibited a robust inhibitory effect on the growth of all tested microorganisms, with inhibitory diameters ranging from 16.6 to 38.5 mm. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Lavandula dentata&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; EO presented anti-diabetic activity by inhibiting the &alpha;-amylase enzyme, with an IC&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;50&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; value of approximately 135.08&plusmn;0.25 &mu;g mL&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&#150;1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, demonstrating significant anti-diabetic activity and anti-coagulant activity. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Conclusion:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Lavandula dentata&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; EO processes great antimicrobial, analgesic, anti- diabetic and anticoagulant properties. Further investigations into its mechanisms of action and safety profile are warranted to fully exploit its therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical Study on Exploring the Role of CD180 and MD-1 Prognostic Indicators for the Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) Disease.","authors":"Mashael Alhumaidi Alotaibi","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.311.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.311.320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Background and Objective:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is a frequent type of leukaemia disease. This study was focused on investigating the role of prognostic indicators, such as CD180 and MD-1 for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) pathogenesis because they involve cell signalling and proliferation. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Materials and Methods:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; A total of 12 normal controls and 52 patients were taken to determine the expressions of CD180 and MD-1 with different variations in comparison with the IgVH (Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain variable region gene) mutational status, FISH (fluorescence &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;in situ&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; hybridization) and Rai staging. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Results:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; The quantitative data findings were evident that CD180 and MD-1 expressions showed insignificant differences among CLL patients at the protein level based on SPSS results. On the contrary, they resulted in significant differences for subgroups of established biomarkers like Rai staging (stages 0, I, II and III), FISH (13q and non-13q deletions) and IgVH (mutated and unmutated). &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Conclusion:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; The CD180 and MD-1 have been used as prognostic indicators to evaluate the outcomes relevant to the cell cycle and survival rate of CLL cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Effect of Nano-Selenium Particles on Thyroid Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Induced by Sodium Benzoate in Male Albino Rats.","authors":"Afaf Abdullah Al-Shelash,&nbsp;Heba Fawzy Gomaa","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.334.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.334.346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Background and Objective:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; The negative effects of preservatives, such as sodium benzoate, have received increasing global attention. The objective of the study was to investigate the potential protective effects of nano-selenium (nano-Se) on thyroid functions, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine responses of albino rats. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Materials and Methods:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; Thirty-five male rats were divided into five groups, 7 rats in each: GI: A control group, GII: Corn oil, GIII: Nano-selenium, GIV: Sodium benzoate, GV: Selenium nanoparticles followed with sodium benzoate. At the end of study, sera were separated from all rats for estimation of MDA, GSH, GSH-PX, glucose, interleukin-1&szlig;, TSH, T3, FT3, T4 and FT4. All data were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Results:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; Sodium benzoate treatment showed opposite effects as it decreased levels of T3, FT3, F4, FT4, GSH and GSH-PX. On the contrary, it increased serum levels of TSH, MDA, NO, glucose and IL-1&beta; when compared to the control group. Whereas, nano-selenium promoted a significant increase in levels of thyroid hormones T3, T4 and FT4, upgrading GSH and GSH-PX. While it reduced TSH, MDA, NO, glucose and IL-1&beta; levels when compared to the sodium benzoate group. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Conclusion:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; Nano-selenium treatment as a protector showed the ability to reduce lipid peroxidation and restore glutathione peroxidase activity, thus, selenium complex at nano-level can reduce oxidative stress and damage of thyroid hormones caused by sodium benzoate administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse Morphology and Anatomy of &lt;i&gt;Citrus&lt;/i&gt; Spp. (Orange) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia Plantations: A Comprehensive Study.","authors":"Mustika Tuwo,&nbsp;Tutik Kuswinanti,&nbsp;Andi Nasruddin,&nbsp;Elis Tambaru","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.321.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.321.333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Background and Objective:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; South Sulawesi, one of the Indonesian provinces, is a producer of oranges with various varieties grown extensively for export and domestic use. Information about the diversity of oranges is crucial for plant breeding and germplasm conservation. This study aims to analyze the diversity of oranges from several plantation centers in South Sulawesi based on morphological and anatomical characteristics. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Materials and Methods:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; Orange leaf samples were collected from five plantation locations in South Sulawesi, namely Pangkep, Sidrap, Bantaeng, North Luwu and Selayar Regencies. The morphological characteristics were identified using descriptors from the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute and Tjitrosoepomo. The anatomical characteristics were identified by preparing stomata slides observed under a microscope at a magnification of 200-400x. Similarity analysis between orange varieties was conducted using the NTSYS software and presented in the form of a dendrogram. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Results:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; The results of the diversity analysis of 13 orange varieties showed morphological variability in tree form and leaf shape, while anatomical characteristics showed variability in stomata size and stomata index. The similarity analysis showed that morphological characteristics formed clusters consisting of seeded selayar (SB), kaffir lime (NN), JC-selayar (JS), selayar-selayar (SS), batu (B), japansche citroen (JC) and dekopon (D) varieties, which had a 75% similarity with siam (SI) and sweet santang (SM) varieties. Meanwhile, the anatomical cluster analysis showed that the JC and SM orange varieties had a 79% similarity with the D variety. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Conclusion:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; The dendrogram diagram can serve as a basis for determining desired plant traits in plant breeding activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}