Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Medicinal Plants Against Food Additive-Induced Toxicity.","authors":"Maryam Abdulmalik Althubyani, Abdulmajeed Fahad Alrefaei","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.439.446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.439.446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For thousands of years, people have used medicinal plants and in many parts of the world, traditional medicines continue to play a significant role in the standard treatment of a wide range of illnesses. With changes in modern eating patterns, there has recently been an increase in the use of processed foods. Furthermore, the use of food additives has increased in tandem with the production of processed foods. The dosage levels used for these additives are determined using empirical analyses. However, some additives have demonstrated long-term toxic effects on the human body in toxicity tests. Plants are one of the main sources of biologically active substances and in recent years, many studies have focused on the health benefits of phytochemicals and plant-derived extracts in the treatment and prevention of food additive toxicity. This review clarified studies on several medicinal plants, such as &lt;i&gt;Physalis peruviana&lt;/i&gt; L., &lt;i&gt;Jatropha tanjorensis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Cymbopogon citratus&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;i&gt; Ficus carica&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Rosmarinus officinalis&lt;/i&gt; L. and others. The findings presented here demonstrate these plants' efficiency and success in preventing and lowering the toxicity of food additives through antioxidant activity reducing oxidative stress, and reduction in renal and hepatic toxicity. Therefore, these plant extracts have a preventive and therapeutic effect in reducing toxicity and may be the best option for reducing the toxicity of food additives in the future. Moreover, additional research is required to confirm the biologically active components found in medicinal plants that are effective in reducing this toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug Resistant Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> Isolates from Pregnant Women in Delta State, Nigeria.","authors":"Olivia Sochi Egbule, Oghenemaro Felix Enwa, Patricia Konye Omenogor, Edward Ikenna Odum, Benson Chucks Iweriebor, C L Obi","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.447.454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.447.454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Group B &lt;i&gt;Streptococci&lt;/i&gt; (GBS) are globally recognized as a major risk factor for neonatal infections and various obstetric complications. More so, biofilm formation has been suggested to be important for GBS pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of GBS among pregnant women and their capacity to form biofilm. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 87 pregnant women at 34 to 37 weeks' gestation aged 17-45 years were recruited from 3 healthcare centres in Delta State, Nigeria. Cultures for the isolation of GBS were carried out using recto-vaginal swabs, according to standard microbiological methods. All strains isolated were used for susceptibility tests to various antibiotics as recommended by CLSI using the disk-diffusion method. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The overall prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women was 43.6% (38/87). The &lt;u&gt;<&lt;/u&gt;30 age group had the highest rate of GBS colonization. Resistance to erythromycin and vancomycin was 48.2 and 66.4%, respectively. The fluoroquinolones had the lowest resistant rates with no isolate showing resistance to ofloxacin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) (&lt;u&gt;>&lt;/u&gt;3 drug classes) was detected in 73.7% (28/38) of the GBS isolates. All GBS isolated in this study were either strong, moderate or weak biofilm producers. However, most 28 (73.7%) were strong biofilm producers. Resistance of GBS isolates to erythromycin and vancomycin, drugs used for treating GBS infection was high. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; This suggested the importance of testing antimicrobial susceptibilities in GBS colonized pregnant women in order to guide antibiotic therapy and minimize newborn infection and co-morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Modified Piperacillin Inhibitors of Penicillin-Binding Protein 3 (PBP3) and Their Intermolecular Interactions.","authors":"Nadine Mohammed Kamel Qalalweh","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.455.468","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.455.468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Despite the rise of antibiotic resistance, penicillin and the broader group of β-lactams have continued to be the most crucial class of antibiotics. Penicillin-Binding Protein 3 (PBP3) in &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; is the specific molecule that β-lactam-based medicines target. The objective is to design and study several piperacillin derivatives to create novel antibacterial agents. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Piperacillin derivatives were drawn using chem sketch and prepared using AutoDock 4.2.6 Tools. Molecular docking simulations were conducted on novel piperacillin derivatives and piperacillin (Control) against the 6r3x.PDB protein. The AutoDock log files were analyzed to determine the lowest energy of binding (LEB) values for each ligand. Consequently, the conformer with the most favorable binding energy may be identified. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; All of the proposed piperacillin derivatives displayed improved binding energies when compared to the reference chemical piperacillin. This suggests the potential for stronger interactions between derivatives and proteins, resulting in an enhanced likelihood of biological effects. Compounds b, e and j, when used alongside piperacillin, showed similar binding sites inside the active site and have the potential for additional characterization. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Compounds b, e and j are highly likely to exhibit inhibitory activity, indicating that they should be synthesized and tested for biological activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties of Endophenazines from <i>Streptomyces prasinus</i> ZO16, an Endophyte in <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Rosc.","authors":"Thongchai Taechowisan, Thanaporn Chuen-Im, Waya S Phutdhawong","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.469.478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.469.478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; This study investigated a bacterial strain, ZO16, isolated from ginger (&lt;i&gt;Zingiber officinale&lt;/i&gt;) roots. Analysis of its 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), along with chemical and physical properties, revealed it to be &lt;i&gt;Streptomyces prasinus&lt;/i&gt;. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the main bioactive compounds from ZO16, evaluating their antibacterial and anticancer properties. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Techniques like column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were used to purify the key compounds from ZO16's culture extract. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry were utilized to confirm the identities of the purified compounds as endophenazine A (compound 1) and endophenazine B (compound 2). The antibacterial and anticancer properties of these compounds were then evaluated. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The isolated compounds displayed antibacterial activity against &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; ATCC 25923 and Methicillin-Resistant &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; (MRSA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the isolated compounds against bacteria ranged from 8 to 32 μg/mL, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was between 32 and 128 μg/mL. These compounds exhibited effectiveness against tested cancer cells with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values ranging from 30.40 to 32.51 μg/mL for cervical cancer (HeLa), 78.32 to 86.45 μg/mL for liver cancer (HepG2) and 23.41 to 28.26 μg/mL for breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. However, these compounds also showed moderate toxicity towards non-cancerous Vero cells (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 317.44-328.63 μg/mL). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The findings of this study suggest that &lt;i&gt;Streptomyces prasinus&lt;/i&gt; strain ZO16 produces compounds with antibacterial and anticancer properties. Further investigation of these compounds has the potential to contribute to the development of improved methods for controlling and treating bacterial infections and some cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plantlet Regeneration from Callus Cultures of <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> for Cultivation in Coastal Waters at Myeik Archipelago, Myanmar.","authors":"Wai Mie Mie Hlaing, Kanokwan Jarukamjorn","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.479.486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.479.486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; The cultivation of &lt;i&gt;Kappaphycus alvarezii&lt;/i&gt;, the most economically valuable rhodophyte seaweed species, began in Myanmar in 2004, primarily on islands in the Myeik Archipelago. Since &lt;i&gt;K. alvarezii&lt;/i&gt; is not native to Myanmar, it was initially imported from the Philippines and Indonesia. This study aimed to develop a tissue culture procedure for the generation of &lt;i&gt;K. alvarezii&lt;/i&gt; plantlets to ensure a continuous supply of seaweed for commercial farming in the coastal waters of Myanmar. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Specimens of &lt;i&gt;K. alvarezii&lt;/i&gt;, two-month-old, were procured in the Myeik Archipelago, Myanmar. After being cleared epiphytes and clinging materials, the specimens were placed in glass aquarium tanks with circulating seawater. Axenic explant culture was established using 1% povidone-iodine for 1 min and a 1% antibiotic mixture for 24 hrs. Plant growth regulators, 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and indole 3 acetic acid (IAA) were supplemented in solid Provasoli's enriched seawater (PES) media to induce callus formation and somatic embryogenesis. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The optimal culture conditions were incubation at 22-25°C under cool-white fluorescent-light (15-20 μmol photons/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/sec) with a 12:12 hrs light and dark cycle. Water quality during the culturing process was maintained at a pH of 8 and salinity of 30 PSU. The tissue-cultured &lt;i&gt;K. alvarezii&lt;/i&gt; plantlets exhibited an average daily growth rate of 9.70±0.25% over the growth period. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Therefore, plantlet regeneration from &lt;i&gt;K. alvarezii&lt;/i&gt; callus cultures can be utilized as seedlings for revenue-generating cultivation along the Myanmar coastline.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Partial Replacement of Clover by Anise, Basil, Mint and Fennel Remnants in Rabbits Diet on Blood Constituents.","authors":"Hemat ElSaid Mohamed, Mohamed Said Abbas, Adel Eid Mohamed Mahmoud, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.426.438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.426.438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; The clover plant (alfalfa) is considered the primary fiber source in the rabbit diet in Mediterranean Sea countries like Egypt, so researchers are always trying to find alternatives and aromatic and medicinal plant remnants could be one of them. So, this study was designed to determine the effects of some aromatic and medicinal plant remnants on New Zealand white rabbits' blood hematological and biochemical aspects. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 108 weaned white New Zealand rabbits at five weeks of age were used to consider the effect of using remnants of mint, fennel, basil and anise with or without probiotics to replace 50% from alfalfa hay in rabbits' diets. Four remnants were obtained after etheric oil distillation and were incorporated in rabbit diets at level 17.5% without probiotics and with probiotics (replacement 50% of alfalfa hay). Rabbits were randomly assigned into nine experimental groups; the experimental period lasted eight weeks. Rabbit blood hematological and blood biochemical were analyzed. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The highest values of RBC 6.03 μL, HCT 37.13%, WBC 12.70 μL and lymph percentage were found in the basil+probiotics group. In contrast, the highest value of hemoglobin (HGB 10,50 g/dL), MCV 64.13 fl, MCH 23.27pg, MCHC 36.40 g/dL, PLT 463 μL, urea 50.33 mg/dL and creatinine 1.30 mg/dL were found in anise+probiotic group. In contrast, RDW-CV 33.17%, Mid 13.17 μL, granulocytes (Gran 7.13 μL) and PDW 16.73 in the mint group. Furthermore, RDW-SD (34.40 fl) and procalcitonin (PCT 0.35%) were found in the control group and the highest values ALT 142 IU/L and AST 77.33 IU/L were found in the fennel group. The highest albumin value (3.10 g/dL) was found in the anise group and the highest total protein (TP 5.23 g/dL) was found in the mint+probiotic group. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The results proved that using these medicinal plant remnants and probiotics as substitutes for half the amount of alfalfa used in the diet of New Zealand white rabbits did not have a negative effect and improved their health condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Frequency of CYP2C19*3 Heterozygotes Among Patients Under Clopidogrel Treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.","authors":"Abdoul Karim Ouattara, Yves Donald Kagambega, Teega-Wende Clarisse Ouedraogo, Lassina Traore, Modeste Ouedraogo, Nobila Valentin Yameogo, Jacques Simpore","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.398.403","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.398.403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Despite its widespread use in cardiology, patient's response to clopidogrel exhibits significant interindividual variability, often leading to persistent thromboembolic complications. The hepatic Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) superfamily plays a pivotal role in clopidogrel's conversion to its active form and CYP2C19 polymorphisms significantly contribute to this variability. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and impact of the CYP2C19 rs4986893 polymorphism on clopidogrel treatment response. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Seventy-three patients with Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) undergoing clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy for a minimum of six months were recruited from Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHU-YO). Sociodemographic data were collected and DNA was extracted from blood samples for CYP2C19 rs4986893 genotyping using PCR-RFLP. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The patient's mean age was 62.56±13.45 years, ranging from 23 to 94 years, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.28. Most patients came from the informal sector, primarily of Mossi ethnicity and residing in Ouagadougou. Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and hypertension were the predominant reasons for consultation, with clopidogrel showing efficacy in 97.3% of cases. While 72.6% had no family history of CVD, hypertension was prevalent among those with familial cardiovascular conditions. Genetic analysis revealed a 65.8% frequency of heterozygotes CYP2C19*1/*3, with no mutant homozygotes CYP2C19*3/*3 detected. The results of the present study underscore a high prevalence of heterozygotes CYP2C19*1/*3 among patients with cardiovascular diseases. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; This intermediate metabolic phenotype, along with a good response to clopidogrel, suggests that CYP2C19*1/*3 genotype promotes a favourable response to clopidogrel therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting the Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Follicle Development Following Premature Ovarian Insufficiency by Network Interaction Analysis.","authors":"Roza Silvia, Fadilah Fadilah, Ahmad Aulia Jusuf, Mila Maidarti, Linda Erlina, Budi Wiweko","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.384.397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.384.397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is proposed to have a potential regenerative effect on the ovaries following premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), however, the main impact on the process of follicle development (folliculogenesis) remains unclear. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) or network interaction analysis enables us to predict the targets of PRP's biomolecules using biological data through public databases and platforms. Therefore, this method is more efficient in time and cost than traditional laboratory procedures. The purpose of this study was to predict the targets of PRP's biomolecules on folliculogenesis following POI using PPI analysis and to clarify if those predictive targets integrate into PI3K/Akt signaling pathway which is an important pathway in folliculogenesis. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Mining data targets of POI, PRP and folliculogenesis was done by GeneCards. Only genes with \"protein-coding\" category were analyzed further. Network analysis was performed using Cytoscape and STRING. Finally, STRING, Enricher and ShinyGO platforms were conducted to analyze gene ontology, including biological processes, molecular function and cellular components, as well as pathways. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Network analysis with Cytoscape and STRING discovered 107 gene hubs for POI, PRP and folliculogenesis. Analysis of KEGG pathway using STRING, Enricher and ShinyGO identified 43 genes integrated into PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. From the KEGG pathway, PI3K and Akt were revealed as two main targets following PRP treatment for POI patients. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Biomolecules in PRP may recover ovarian follicle development following POI through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Vaginosis and its Relation to Single or Multi-Species Biofilm in Iraqi Women: Clinical and Microbiological Study.","authors":"Rafal Mustafa Murshid, Mushtak Talib Salih Al-Ouqaili, Bushra Abdul Jaleel Kanaan","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.404.412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.404.412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the primary aetiology of vaginal discharge causing significant public health consequences. The study aims to detect the frequency of bacterial vaginosis and to assess the effectiveness of the Amsel's criteria and Nugent's score system as diagnostic tests for BV. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 135 high vaginal swab samples were obtained and analyzed microbiologically to detect the presence of Amsel clinical criteria and to determine the Nugent's score using gram staining. The microbiological culture, antimicrobial susceptibility test and bacterial biofilm generation were conducted using standardized laboratory conditions. The study data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 and Microsoft Excel. The Chi-square test was used to ascertain any significant differences with a p-value of less than 0.05. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Out of 135 HVS, 60 (44.4 %) specimens revealed bacterial vaginosis and 30 (22.2%) represent &lt;i&gt;Candida albicans&lt;/i&gt; vaginitis. In comparing Amsel's criteria with Nugent's score, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 94.7, 92.3, 90 and 96%, respectively. Also, 26 (50%) of the study isolates were produced biofilm strongly. Further, &lt;i&gt;Gardnerella vaginalis&lt;/i&gt; was the study isolate that produced biofilm strongly (66.6%) followed by &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; (57.1%). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The study highlights the significance of Amsel's clinical criteria and the Nugent's score system as diagnostic tests for bacterial vaginosis in outpatient settings. Additionally, there is an association between recurrent bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis. Moreover, addressing vaginal disorders caused by single-species or multi-species biofilms create the researcher to be focused on studying multi-species biofilms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification of Peroxidase Enzyme from Water Mimosa by Chromatography Technique.","authors":"Patsarawadee Paojinda, Waranya Imprasittichai, Nunthawadee Niamnuy","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.413.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.413.425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Peroxidase (POD) is the most widely used enzyme in the manufacture of diagnostic kits, biosensors, immunohistochemistry and different industrial sectors. In this study, the POD was extracted from some local vegetables in Thailand; water mimosa. The POD was biochemically purified and characterized from water mimosa. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The comparison of the peroxidase enzyme activity from water mimosa using Ion exchange chromatography was analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA non-parametric test. Crude extracted from water mimosa was purified by ion exchange chromatography by two techniques (DEAE-Sepharose chromatographic step and CM-Sepharose chromatographic). &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The crude enzyme from water mimosa exhibited the highest peroxidase activity at 1,7458.5 U/mL. After purification, the peroxidase enzyme in the DEAE-Sepharose column showed a 1.61-fold increase in purity at a NaCl concentration of 0.0 M in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.2, with a remaining yield of 46.15%. However, after DEAE-Sepharose and CM-Sepharose columns, the purity increased by 1.64-fold at a NaCl concentration of 0.0 M in 20 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.5, but the remaining yield was only 7.45%. The molecular weight of the POD enzyme was 32.3+2 kDa (n = 5) by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme activity of POD showed approximately 3,500 U/mL at pH 6.8 and the optimum temperature was 37°C. From these studies, peroxidase activities in water mimosa demonstrated a \"high total activity\". &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; These results suggested that POD from water mimosa could replace horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the most used peroxidase, which is very valuable to reduce the costs of biosensors or diagnostic kit applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}