Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

Presence of Arboviral Vector in Tourist Attractions and Public Places: Abundance, Associated Factors and Susceptibility to Temephos. 旅游景点和公共场所的 Arboviral 向量：数量、相关因素和对特灭磷的易感性。

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.337.347

Sayono Sayono, Wahyu Handoyo, Didik Sumanto, Wilda Amellia Ekafitri, Mohamad Rodi Isa, Mohd Shah Nurul-Azira, Othman Wan-Norafikah

{"title":"Presence of Arboviral Vector in Tourist Attractions and Public Places: Abundance, Associated Factors and Susceptibility to Temephos.","authors":"Sayono Sayono, Wahyu Handoyo, Didik Sumanto, Wilda Amellia Ekafitri, Mohamad Rodi Isa, Mohd Shah Nurul-Azira, Othman Wan-Norafikah","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.337.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.337.347","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Aedes mosquito is a competent vector of arboviruses, mainly dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever. The high incidence of arboviral infections among travelers indicated the vulnerability of tourist attractions and public places visitors to arboviral infections. This study aimed to determine the presence and population density of Aedes mosquitoes at the places, as well as the susceptibility to temephos larvicide. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 tourist attractions and public places in four districts/cities of Central Java Province were selected as study sites and 25-40 ovitraps were installed in each location for three days. The coordinates, altitude, vegetation density, shade, wind speed, air temperature and humidity were recorded. Ovistrips and water of each ovitrap were observed in the laboratory to determine the ovitrap index (OI) and egg density index (EDI), mosquito species and their susceptibility to temephos. Results: A total of 12,231 eggs were obtained with a range, OI and EDI of 0-1,024, 42% and 31.93 eggs/trap, respectively. Vegetation density, shade and wind speed were significantly associated with the presence of Aedes eggs in the ovitraps (p<0.05), while altitude, temperature and air humidity were correlated with the average of Aedes eggs per ovitrap. Conclusion: Although Aedes larvae in all study sites were susceptible to temephos 0.02 mg/L the results indicated the vulnerability of visitors to Aedes-borne diseases. Further investigation of arbovirus infections in Aedes mosquitoes at tourist attractions and public places is necessary conducted to evaluate the potential and risk of pathogen transmission to visitors.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phylogenetics of Asian Small-Clawed Otters (Aonyx cinereus) in West Sumatra. 西苏门答腊岛亚洲小爪水獭（Aonyx cinereus）的系统发育。

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.373.379

Djong Hon Tjong, Dewi Imelda Roesma, Aadrean, Nana Tri Agustina, Sausan Maharani, Intania Azzahra

{"title":"Phylogenetics of Asian Small-Clawed Otters (Aonyx cinereus) in West Sumatra.","authors":"Djong Hon Tjong, Dewi Imelda Roesma, Aadrean, Nana Tri Agustina, Sausan Maharani, Intania Azzahra","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.373.379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.373.379","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The presence of Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus) in West Sumatra has been reported from ecological data in the form of footprints and feces, while its genetic information has not been reported yet. This genetic information needs to be reported along with the determination of A. cinereus as a vulnerable species and is experiencing population decline by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic relationship of A. cinereus found in West Sumatra with other regions. Materials and Methods: The samples used were A. cinereus stool collected from several wetland locations in West Sumatra. Aonyx cinereus DNA was extracted from stool samples following the QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit protocol (Qiagen). Amplification was performed using the CO1 gene. The IQTree was used to provide phylogenetic information on A. cinereus and MEGA 7 was used to determine the uncorrected genetic distance of A. cinereus. Results: Aonyx cinereus clustered to form three sub-clusters namely A. cinereus Sundaland, Laos lineage and unknown lineage. Aonyx cinereus Sundaland consists of A. cinereus West Sumatra and A. cinereus Sarawak, Malaysia which are closely related with a genetic distance of 0.68%. Moreover, compared to A. cinereus from unknown lineage (including Captive Copenhagen Zoo) and Laos lineage, A. cinereus of West Sumatra had a genetic distance of 0.68-1.20 and 4.18%, respectively. Conclusion: Wetland conversion and the role of humans have influenced the obstacle to connectivity among populations that cause genetic variation.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Sediment on the Population of Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) in Anzali Lagoon. 沉积物对安扎利泻湖中海鲂（Macrobrachium nipponense）（De Haan，1849 年）数量的影响。

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.380.383

Mehrnoush Aminisarteshnizi

{"title":"Effect of Sediment on the Population of Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) in Anzali Lagoon.","authors":"Mehrnoush Aminisarteshnizi","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.380.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.380.383","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The role of sediment in water bodies is significant because sediment can affect water quality and benthic organisms. This study investigated sediment's effect on the Macrobrachium nipponense population in the Anzali Lagoon. Materials and Methods: The samples were taken at three different sites of Anzali Lagoon in 2015. All the prawns cached by traps and sediment samples were taken exactly next to the traps. All samples were transported to the laboratory for analysis. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the total catch for prawns across the sediment gradients measured. Results: It showed clear separation in all sites. Site 2 is more affected by clay; in Site 2, the number and the weight of M. nipponense were lower than in the other sites. In Sites 1 and 3, fine sand and medium sand were more affected, respectively. The results showed a relationship between the prawn population and sediment in the Anzali Lagoon. Conclusion: In some parts of the Anzali Lagoon, the quality and quantity of sediments were different, which directly affected the population of M. nipponense. Furthermore, because some parts of the lagoon are in good condition according to sediments and water quality, the Anzali Lagoon has a good potential for growing and living M. nipponense.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploration and Molecular Identification of Proteolytic Bacteria as Probiotic Candidates from Shrimp Ponds in West Sumatra, Indonesia. 印度尼西亚西苏门答腊岛虾塘中作为益生菌候选物的蛋白水解细菌的探索和分子鉴定。

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.356.364

Fuji Astuti Febria, Ramadhila Sari, Febri Walpajri, Adewirli Putra

{"title":"Exploration and Molecular Identification of Proteolytic Bacteria as Probiotic Candidates from Shrimp Ponds in West Sumatra, Indonesia.","authors":"Fuji Astuti Febria, Ramadhila Sari, Febri Walpajri, Adewirli Putra","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.356.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.356.364","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The existence of intensive shrimp aquaculture faces serious challenges in the form of a decrease in pond water quality due to overfeeding. Efforts are needed to improve pond water quality by utilizing proteolytic bacterial isolates to break down suspended or accumulated feed on the pond bottom. The research aims to find proteolytic bacterial isolates from pond sediments and the digestive tract of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Materials and Methods: The materials needed are pond sediment samples, shrimp digestive tract, seawater complete agar (SWCA) medium and skim milk agar medium (SMA). The study used survey methods to determine sampling locations and continued with experimental methods in the laboratory. Nine isolates were obtained from pond sediments and two bacterial isolates were from the shrimp digestive tract. Results: The proteolytic potency test showed that two isolates from pond sediments and one isolate from the digestive tract of shrimp were positive for proteolytic. The largest proteolytic index value reached 6.357. Molecular identification by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene sequence shows that PC23 isolate is closely related to the bacterium Exiguobacterium indicum strain KR6 with percent identity 99.44-99.58% and PU32 isolate with Bacillus cereus strain 125 with percent identity 100%. Conclusion: The bacteria obtained can be used as probiotic candidates for the future are Exiguobacterium indicum strain KR6 and Bacillus cereus strain 125.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer to Improve Yields in System of Rice Intensification (SRI). 应用液体有机肥提高水稻集约化系统 (SRI) 的产量。

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.365.372

Nalwida Rozen, Musliar Kasim, Aries Kusumawati, Iis Sholihat, Hidayatul Ikram, Afdhi Gusril

{"title":"Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer to Improve Yields in System of Rice Intensification (SRI).","authors":"Nalwida Rozen, Musliar Kasim, Aries Kusumawati, Iis Sholihat, Hidayatul Ikram, Afdhi Gusril","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.365.372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.365.372","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Organic fertilizer is a source of nutrition for plants which is an alternative to inorganic fertilizer. Liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) which comes from coconut fiber and banana LOF which comes from banana stems from which the fruit has been removed, so that wasted plant residue can be used as fertilizer. The study aimed to obtain the best type of LOF and concentration in increasing the growth and yield of the Batang Piaman rice variety using the SRI method. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted from June to December, 2023 in Padang City, West Sumatra. The method used was an experiment with a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in nested with each treatment consisting of 3 groups. The treatment consisted of LOF types at two levels (banana stems and coconut fiber) and LOF concentrations at seven levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mL/L). Observational data were analysed by variance analysis with F test at 5% real level, but if there were differences, it was continued with DMRT further test at 5% real level by STAR IRRI Philippine software (Philippine). Results: The results obtained were that LOF coconut fiber provided better growth components, yield components and physiological components than banana stem LOF with the best concentration, on the provision of LOF coconut fiber 100 mL/L on the number of rice plant tillers and stomatal density and concentration of 200 mL/L on the number of productive tillers. Conclusion: The application of LOF coconut fiber is better for the growth and yield of rice plants of the Batang Piaman variety compared to the administration of LOF banana stems by applying coconut fiber liquid organic fertilizer with a concentration of 100 mL/L, it is recommended to add coconut fiber LOF to rice fields to increase growth and yield.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phytochemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Two Extracts of Wild and Domesticated Carob Leaves. 野生和驯化角豆树叶两种提取物的植物化学成分和抗氧化活性

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.348.355

Azizi-Gannouni Thouraya, Melki Rihem, Fatma Leghouil, Abassi Mejda, Ammari Youssef

{"title":"Phytochemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Two Extracts of Wild and Domesticated Carob Leaves.","authors":"Azizi-Gannouni Thouraya, Melki Rihem, Fatma Leghouil, Abassi Mejda, Ammari Youssef","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.348.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.348.355","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is a perennial leguminous species and is known as a medicinal importance tree. This species exhibits a myriad of biological effects including antibacterial, antidiarrheal and antidiabetic. To this end, current study evaluates the difference between the phytochemical composition of the leaves of two accessions of \"wild\" and \"domesticated\" hermaphroditic carob trees. Materials and Methods: The comparison between two carob accessions \"wild\" and \"domesticated\" was done according to methanolic extraction by the Soxhlet and aqueous extraction by maceration. The polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and their antioxidant activity were measured. The ANOVA test was used for the analysis of results. Results: The total polyphenols in aqueous extract are 6.19±0.25 mg equivalent gallic acid/g dry weight (EGA/g DW) and 4.23±0.2 mg EGA/g DW) in carob fresh leaves for wild and domesticated trees, respectively. The flavonoid content was higher in methanolic extract (3.17±0.64 mg quercetin equivalent/g DW) than in aqueous extract (1.06±0.19 mg EQ/g DW) for wild trees. Wild accession recorded the highest concentration of condensed tannins in the methanolic extract (6.4±0.3 mg catechin equivalents/g DW) while low levels were recorded in aqueous extract (0.51±0.27 mg EC/g DW). Conclusion: Such knowledge is expected to be the key to understanding the biochemical composition of two different leaves of C. siliqua accessions and its various commercial food products.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Flavonoids from Streptomyces chartreusis RH3.5. 图表链霉菌 RH3.5 中黄酮类化合物的抗菌和抗炎特性

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.244.255

Thongchai Taechowisan, Thanaporn Chuen-Im, Waya S Phutdhawong

{"title":"Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Flavonoids from Streptomyces chartreusis RH3.5.","authors":"Thongchai Taechowisan, Thanaporn Chuen-Im, Waya S Phutdhawong","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.244.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.244.255","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The RH3.5 was isolated from the rhizosphere of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. and identified to be Streptomyces chartreusis via analysis of its 16S rDNA sequence, chemotaxonomy and morphology. The aim of this study was to identify the major compounds of RH3.5 and assess their biological activities. Materials and Methods: Silica gel column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography were used to purify major compounds, elucidate 5,7,2'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavanone (compound 1) and 5',2',5'-trihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone (compound 2). Subsequently, mass spectrometry and NMR techniques were used to identify the structure of these compounds. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties were carried out using in vitro assays. Results: The bioassays revealed the antimicrobial effect of compounds 1 and 2 on MRSA and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration was calculated in the range of 32-64 and 128-256 μg/mL, respectively. The compounds 1 and 2 also exhibited anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting NO, IL-1β and TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, they had mild cytotoxic action against Vero and L929 cell lines with IC50 values greater than 512 μg/mL. Conclusion: These findings showed that flavonoids of Streptomyces chartreusis RH3.5 exhibited antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities with low cytotoxicity against healthy cells. Thorough research on these compounds could result in the creation of useful methods for treating microbial infections and acute inflammatory responses.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genotoxicity of Gamma Radiation Against Lymphocytes of Radiation Workers: The Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay. 伽马辐射对辐射工人淋巴细胞的遗传毒性：细胞分裂阻滞微核试验

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.276.282

Yulia Irnidayanti, Marlina Azzahra, Yanti Lusiyanti, Devita Tetriana, Darlina Yusuf

{"title":"Genotoxicity of Gamma Radiation Against Lymphocytes of Radiation Workers: The Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay.","authors":"Yulia Irnidayanti, Marlina Azzahra, Yanti Lusiyanti, Devita Tetriana, Darlina Yusuf","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.276.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.276.282","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Gamma irradiation induces genotoxicity, characterized by the formation of extra-nuclear bodies and left behind during the anaphase stage of cell division, often referred to as a micronucleus (MN). The present work aims to monitor exposure to ionizing radiation as a genotoxic agent in the lymphocytes of workers at radiation energy centers. Materials and Methods: The lymphocyte cytokinesis block micronucleus assay used and analyzed the correlation between the Nuclear Division Index (NDI), age, blood type and the number of micronuclei (MN). Blood samples were collected from 20 volunteers in heparin tubes, exposed to 2 Gy gamma rays and cultured in vitro. Results: A significant difference in the number of micronuclei between blood group A and blood groups A, B and AB. The Nuclear Division Index (NDI) value for lymphocytes of radiation energy center workers after gamma radiation was significant (1.74±0.1) but still within the normal range. Neither MN frequency nor NDI values correlated with age, but MN frequency showed a correlation with blood type. Conclusion: The gamma irradiation did not induce a cytostatic effect but proved genotoxic to the lymphocytes of radiation energy center workers. Notably, blood type A demonstrated higher sensitivity to gamma radiation.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of Mirabilis jalapa Nanoemulsion: Its Application on Mortality and Morphological Changes of Spodoptera frugiperda: Third Instar Larvae. Mirabilis jalapa纳米乳剂的特性：对蚜虫死亡率和形态变化的影响：三龄幼虫。

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.234.243

A Irma Suryani, Itji Diana Daud, Melina, Vien Sartika Dewi, Muhammad Junaid, Mita Yusri, Suriati Eka Putri, Sulfiani, Dian Ekawati Sari

{"title":"Characteristics of Mirabilis jalapa Nanoemulsion: Its Application on Mortality and Morphological Changes of Spodoptera frugiperda: Third Instar Larvae.","authors":"A Irma Suryani, Itji Diana Daud, Melina, Vien Sartika Dewi, Muhammad Junaid, Mita Yusri, Suriati Eka Putri, Sulfiani, Dian Ekawati Sari","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.234.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.234.243","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Previously the Mirabilis jalapa nanoemulsion formulations was characterized through PSA analysis, UV-VIS spectrophotometry, SEM to observe the morphology of the formed nanoemulsion and FTIR analysis. But, this study aims to characterize M. jalapa nanoemulsion formulations and its application on the mortality and morphology of 3rd instar Spodoptera frugiperda larva. Materials and Methods: Several M. jalapa nanoemulsion formulations were applied to observe the mortality of 3rd instar S. frugiperda larvae using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. The best formulation was tested from the characterization results to determine the level of larval mortality. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The 3rd instar S. frugiperda larvae showed a 67%±12 mortality rate 48 hrs after the 5th treatment (T5) application compared to the control group and causing the bodies of insects experiencing mortality to turn black and dehydrated. The results showed that M. jalapa nanoemulsion had a significant effect (p-value 0.016<0.05). Conclusion: The potential of using M. jalapa in the form of nanoemulsions as an effective alternative to control the pest S. frugiperda.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Biofilm Forming Capability and Antibiotic Resistance in Proteus mirabilis Colonizing Indwelling Catheter. 评估奇异变形杆菌在留置导管中的生物膜形成能力和抗生素耐药性。

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.268.275

Olivia Sochi Egbule, Omenogor Patricia Konye, Benson Chuck Iweriebor

{"title":"Assessment of Biofilm Forming Capability and Antibiotic Resistance in Proteus mirabilis Colonizing Indwelling Catheter.","authors":"Olivia Sochi Egbule, Omenogor Patricia Konye, Benson Chuck Iweriebor","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.268.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2024.268.275","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections from the use of an indwelling urinary catheter are one of the most common infections caused by Proteus mirabilis. Due to their biofilm-producing capacity and the increasing antimicrobial resistance in this microorganism, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, biofilm-producing capacity, antimicrobial resistance patterns, multidrug resistance and plasmid mediated resistance of the recovered isolates. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 urinary samples were collected from May to August, 2018 from patients on indwelling urinary catheters. Using routine microbiological and biochemical methods, 37 P. mirabilis were isolated. Biofilm forming capability was determined among the isolates using the tube method while antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid curing were also performed. Results: All isolates were biofilm producers with 17(46%) being moderate producers while 20(54%) were strong biofilm formers. The study isolates exhibited a high resistance rate to empiric antibiotics, including ceftazidime (75.8%), cefuroxime (54.5%), ampicillin (69.7%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (51.5%). Low resistance was seen in the fluoroquinolones, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin. Plasmid curing experiment revealed that most isolates lost their resistance indicating that resistance was borne on plasmids. Plasmid carriage is likely the reason for the high MDR rate of 56.8% observed. Conclusion: These findings necessitate the provision of infection control programs which will guide and implement policies.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0