Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Bibliometric Analysis of Worldwide Research Studies on Goat Ticks: A Seven Decade Outlook.","authors":"Emrobowansan Monday Idamokoro","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.189.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2025.189.203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Ticks are well-known parasites that cause significant adverse effects on goat husbandry. They negatively affect the health of the goat and impair the economic sustainability and productivity of the animal. The present study illustrated the findings on the global research trends of scholarly literature with respect to goat ticks. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A search keyword was done as related to the subject matter of goat ticks. All articles from the year 2024 were removed from the initial sum of 2018 documents in order to allow for the reproducibility of the method. A sum of 2013 documents was retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science Databank for evaluation using bibliometric permutations in RStudio software. After data were obtained from WoS and Scopus, they were then cleaned up and filtered before they were validated for analysis. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Research articles on goat ticks had rising research outputs of an annual increase of 7.36%. China led in the rankings with the highest amount of research outputs (n = 183) and citations (n = 3751) globally. The result also revealed the co-authors per document (n = 6.35), single-authored documents (n = 133), average citations per document (n = 18.65) and percentage of international co-authorships (18.43 %), accordingly. South Africa, Ethiopia, Tunisia and Kenya were the only African countries that were ranked among the top-rated 20 nations on goat ticks. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The annual increase in research investigations on goat ticks over the seven decades of bibliometric assessments indicates the economic significance of tick-borne disease in goat farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 4","pages":"189-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Antithrombotic Potential of Propolis: Insights into the Therapeutic Properties of Bee Glue.","authors":"Kamal Ali Ahmed Attia","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.204.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2025.204.209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Propolis, a resinous substance produced by bees, has garnered attention for its potential as a natural antithrombotic agent due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds. This review explores the therapeutic effects of propolis, specifically focusing on its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation, promote fibrinolysis and regulate hemostatic balance. The study reviews various experimental models and clinical studies that assess the antithrombotic potential of propolis. It was found that propolis exerts significant effects by targeting multiple pathways involved in thrombus formation and clot resolution. Specifically, it inhibits excessive platelet activation, enhances fibrinolysis and maintains hemostatic balance. Additionally, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of propolis help reduce oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, both of which are linked to thrombosis. Key findings include the inhibition of platelet aggregation and enhancement of clot breakdown, supporting propolis as a promising natural alternative for thrombotic prevention and management. Propolis demonstrates significant potential as a natural adjunct to conventional antithrombotic therapies. Its multifaceted therapeutic actions, antithrombotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, make it a promising candidate for reducing thrombosis risk. Propolis could become an important addition to current strategies for preventing and managing thrombotic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 4","pages":"204-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Effect of <i>Pseudomonas</i> Isolates on Tomato in Greenhouse Production.","authors":"Zhamila Baimirzayeva, Karlygash Korazbekova, Zehranur Yuksekdag, Ussen Akhanov","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.236.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2025.236.245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Greenhouse tomato production faces various challenges, including soilborne diseases and nutrient limitations, which can impact plant growth and yield. Beneficial rhizobacteria, particularly &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt; spp., have emerged as promising biological solutions for enhancing plant growth and resilience. This study investigates the growth-promoting effects of different &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt; isolates taken from greenhouse soil in Kazakhstan on tomato (&lt;i&gt;Solanum lycopersicum&lt;/i&gt; L.) under controlled conditions. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Soil samples were collected from inside (No. 1) and outside (No. 2) of the greenhouse in the Turkestan Region. &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt; isolates were obtained on selective &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt; Agar medium. Four isolates (P1-1, P1-2, P1-3 and P1-4) were selected for further analysis. To evaluate their effects on plant growth, tomato seeds were inoculated with &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt; suspensions at concentrations of 10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; and 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; CFU/mL and incubated on Kovrovtsev's medium at 30°C for 14 days. Statistical analysis, including regression analysis, were performed using Excel software at 95% confidence level. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The highest root elongation and maximum germination rate were observed at 1×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; and 1×10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; CFU/mL, respectively, suggesting these concentrations may be optimal for plant growth. Growth parameters exhibit a positive correlation with isolate concentration, but with varying degrees of response strength. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The findings highlight the potential of &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt; isolates as bioinoculants for sustainable greenhouse tomato cultivation, offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers and growth stimulants. Further research is needed to optimize application methods and assess the long-term effects on crop productivity and soil health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 4","pages":"236-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal Effects of Extracts from Three Herbal Plants on the Poultry Pest <i>Alphitobius diaperinus</i>.","authors":"Priyantini Widiyaningrum, Dyah Rini Indriyanti, Ning Setiati, Nurul Safitri, Nuril Nur Aini, Evi Verawati Siahaan, Wibowo Fatria Fadillah Nur","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.210.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2025.210.218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Alphitobius diaperinus&lt;/i&gt; (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is a major pest in conventional chicken farms in Indonesia. The temperature and humidity in the cage should be similar to their habitat. To find bioinsecticidal plants that can be integrated into the chicken house area, this study aims to analyze phytochemical compounds, test toxic effects and repellents of three types of herbal plants, i.e., &lt;i&gt;Lantana camara&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Evodia suaveolens&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Pluchea indica&lt;/i&gt; against adult &lt;i&gt;A. diaperinus&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Toxic and repellent effects of extracts were tested at five concentrations. Toxicity indicators were analyzed based on mortality 2×24 hrs post-exposure. The estimated LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of the extracts was calculated from the mortality data at 48 hrs post-exposure. Repellency was observed using a Y-olfactometer tube to obtain the repellency (PR) data percentage. A two-way ANOVA test was conducted to identify significant treatments, using a significance level 0.05. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Phytochemical analysis revealed insecticidal compounds in the three leaf extracts. The leaf extracts of &lt;i&gt;E. suaveolens&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;L. camara&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. indica&lt;/i&gt; showed an estimated LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 24 hrs at concentrations of 86.11, 91.33 and 97.51%, respectively. Extract concentrations affected PR with significant differences (Tukey's range test; p<0.05) and &lt;i&gt;E. suaveolens&lt;/i&gt; extract showed the best repellency. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; All extract sources contain insecticidal compounds, but toxicity and repellency test results show the best LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; and repellency estimates for &lt;i&gt;E. suaveolens&lt;/i&gt; extracts. Thus, &lt;i&gt;E. suaveolens&lt;/i&gt; extract has the potential to control and repel the poultry pest &lt;i&gt;A. diaperinus&lt;/i&gt; and this plant can be integrated around conventional chicken cages.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 4","pages":"210-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Marks of <i>Coccinia grandis</i> L., in the Mekong Delta.","authors":"Do Van Mai, Thieu Van Duong, Mai Van Hung","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.267.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2025.267.273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Despite its ecological and agricultural importance, &lt;i&gt;Coccinia grandis&lt;/i&gt; remains understudied in the Mekong Delta, particularly regarding morphological diversity and genetic variation. This study aims to analyze the species' morphological characteristics and genetic diversity using SNP markers. Specifically, it seeks to assess variations in morphological traits among different populations and evaluate genetic diversity and relationships through SNP analysis to better understand its population structure. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The eight samples of &lt;i&gt;Coccinia grandis&lt;/i&gt; L., the method of observing and describing the external morphology and microsurgery of &lt;i&gt;Coccinia grandis&lt;/i&gt; L., was carried out based on the botanical research method with improvements to suit the experimental conditions. The quality of the DNA was checked by electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel using safe-view dye. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The stem height, leaf length and root length show that there are ecological and nutritional influences leading to the above morphological differences. The results of comparing the sequences of 8 &lt;i&gt;Coccinia grandis&lt;/i&gt; L., varieties on the NCBI GenBank show that the samples are similar to the sequence of the species &lt;i&gt;Coccinia grandis&lt;/i&gt; L. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; With molecular biology techniques, it has been determined that all 8 &lt;i&gt;Coccinia grandis&lt;/i&gt; L., varieties belong to the species &lt;i&gt;Coccinia grandis&lt;/i&gt; L. From there, it can be applied to the pharmaceutical production industry to be more diversified.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 4","pages":"267-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Chemical Properties, Antioxidant Activity and Microbial Count in Filtered and Non-Filtered Dry <i>Wolffia arrhiza</i> Kombucha.","authors":"Wilawan Boonsupa, Yuwadee Insumran","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.229.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2025.229.235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Nowadays, consumers are more health conscious and choose good food to maintain good health. &lt;i&gt;Wolffia arrhiza&lt;/i&gt; contains vitamins A, B-complex, C, E, K and key minerals (Iron, Calcium, Zinc and Magnesium), Omega-3, fiber and antioxidants (Folate, Beta-carotene, Zeaxanthin and Lutein). The study aimed to examine the chemical properties, antioxidant activities, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and microbial count of 2 types of &lt;i&gt;Wolffia arrhiza&lt;/i&gt; kombucha. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The production of 2 types of dry &lt;i&gt;Wolffia arrhiza&lt;/i&gt; Kombucha (filtered and non-filtered) was fermented for 21 days. Acetic acid content and alcohol content were analysed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was analysed by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, total flavonoid was analysed by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay and total phenolic content was analysed by Folin-ciocalteu method. Yeast and bacteria counts of the &lt;i&gt;Wolffia arrhiza&lt;/i&gt; Kombucha samples were done using the standard plate count procedure. The results were because of the Mean±Standard Deviation (SD). The obtained data were analysed by independent sample t-test, using SPSS software version 22.0. As p<0.05 is regarded as significant. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The physicochemical of the fermented products revealed that the non-filtered &lt;i&gt;Wolffia arrhiza&lt;/i&gt; kombucha had acetic acid content, alcohol content, antioxidant activity, total flavonoid content and total phenolic content higher than filtered &lt;i&gt;Wolffia arrhiza&lt;/i&gt; kombucha. The values were 2.35%, 1.31%, 18.38±0.18 mg/mL, 482.00±8.08 μg RE/mL and 818.88±0.00 mg/L, respectively. On the 21st day of fermentation, the filtered &lt;i&gt;Wolffia arrhiza&lt;/i&gt; kombucha had yeast and bacteria counts higher than the non-filtered &lt;i&gt;Wolffia arrhiza&lt;/i&gt; kombucha. The values were 94.5 and 189.5 CFU/mL, respectively. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; This study found that non-filtered kombucha had higher acetic acid and phytochemicals, but microbial counts were low due to acid shock. Future research should focus on optimizing kombucha production conditions for more beneficial fermented drinks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 4","pages":"229-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Potential Anticancer Bioactive Compounds from Fractions of <i>Alpinia monopleura</i> Rhizome Extract.","authors":"Wahyuni Wahyuni, Adryan Fristiohady, I Sahidin, Agung Wibawa Mahatva Yodha, La Ode Muh Julian Purnama, Loly Subhiaty Idrus, Muhammad Ilyas Y, Syafika Alaydrus, Wa Ode Sitti Musnina, Saipul Maulana","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.253.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2025.253.266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Cancer is a malignant disease in body tissue where abnormal cells grow excessively and uncoordinated. Chemotherapy treatment still has weaknesses because apart from killing cancer cells, it also affects normal cells with fast proliferation rates, such as hair follicles, bone marrow and digestive tract cells, producing typical chemotherapy side effects. &lt;i&gt;Alpinia monopleura&lt;/i&gt; has secondary metabolite content such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds as anticancer activity. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic activity of &lt;i&gt;A. monopleura&lt;/i&gt; extract and its fractions and determine the phytoconstituents in the most active fraction against three distinct cancer-related protein targets. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The &lt;i&gt;A. monopleura &lt;/i&gt;extract and fractions were tested for cytotoxic against HeLa, MCF-7 and WiDr cell lines by using MTT assay. Then, the most active fraction was identified as its components by LC-HRMS and followed by molecular docking. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The most active cytotoxic effect was fraction 2 in HeLa cells, while fraction 4 in MCF-7 and WiDr. Several compounds have been successfully identified as contributing to their cytotoxic activity, proven by molecular docking investigation. It was found that compounds from fraction 2- Dehydroepiandrosterone, 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one and 2-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one-exhibited higher binding energies than Erlotinib, the native ligand with the cervical cancer target protein. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Meanwhile, fraction 4 compounds had lower binding energy than the native ligands for each colon cancer and breast cancer protein target. Therefore, compounds from &lt;i&gt;A. monopleura &lt;/i&gt;are promising for developing novel anticancer agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 4","pages":"253-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from Two Varieties of Bitter Gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i>).","authors":"Apichai Sawisit, Somprasong Payakapan, Porntip Rodpon, Anek Charoenphakdee, Bunyut Khamboonlhea, Pornthip Pimthong, Chayaporn Jangsanam, Sakdinan Laongernthong, Worakan Wiengsima, Surachai Rattanasuk","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.246.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2025.246.252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Momordica charantia&lt;/i&gt; (Bitter gourd) is renowned for its significant pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Its antibacterial activity is crucial for treating infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aims to compare the antibacterial activities of extracts from two varieties of &lt;i&gt;M. charantia&lt;/i&gt; (Okinawa and Morya) against 10 human pathogenic bacteria. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Okinawa and Morya powders were sourced from Roi Et and Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Both powders were extracted using ethanol, dichloromethane and hexane. The agar disc diffusion method served as the primary antibacterial activity screening, while the broth microdilution assay determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The zone of inhibition (ZOI) diameter (mm) was measured and analyzed using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with SAS software. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Okinawa extracted with dichloromethane exhibited the largest ZOI at 11 mm against &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; pk. The lowest MIC value at 0.049 mg/mL was observed in both Okinawa and Morya extracts across all three solvents against &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; TISTR 902, &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; TISTR 2370, &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; TISTR 1466 and &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; TISTR 1383. The lowest MBC value at 0.78 mg/mL was found in Okinawa extracted with hexane against &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; TISTR 1466. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; This study presents the first evidence of the antibacterial activity of Okinawa and Morya extracts against human pathogenic bacteria, including MDR-&lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;. These findings offer potential benefits for developing natural antibiotic drugs to combat infections caused by the tested pathogenic bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 4","pages":"246-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole Genome Sequencing Insights on Extensive Drug Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Traumatic Infection.","authors":"Hekmat Ahmed Owaid, Mushtak Talib Salih Al-Ouqaili","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.78.87","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.78.87","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; It is well documented that Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) has recently used to explore new resistance patterns and track the dissemination of extensive and pan drug-resistant microbes in healthcare settings. This article explores the link between traumatic infections caused by road traffic accidents (RTAs) leading to coma and the development of chest infections caused by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The study was carried out from March to December 2022 which included a 45-year-old male patient admitted to the ICU of Al Ramadi Teaching Hospitals following a severe RTA that resulted in a TBI and subsequent coma. Two study isolates were diagnosed bacteriologically using the VITEK&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt;-2 technique including resistant mechanisms like extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases. Whole genome sequencing was performed using a DNA nanoball sequencing platform from BGI-Tech. Genome assembly and annotation were done using the bacterial bioinformatics resource center. The report on Comprehensive Genome Analysis includes a phylogenetic analysis using the reference and representative genomes provided by PATRIC. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; isolates were XDR, producing ESBLs and carbapenemases. The WGS detection NDM-5 gene in the &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; strain is not very common compared to the NDM-1 and blaOXA-181 g. At the same time, a file in &lt;i&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; isolate found genes GES-type ESBL (not reported in Iraq before), blaPAO and blaOXA-396 with NDM-1 all these genes are carbapenemases. In phylogenetic analysis, the &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; isolate has an evolutionary relationship with strains originating from China while &lt;i&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; was globally unique. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The XDR &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; pose a public health threat. The WGS revealed unique virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes associated with nosocomial outbreaks. The XDR isolates carrying NDM-5, blaOXA-181 and GES-type ESBL genes were detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 2","pages":"78-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of GPAT3 Gene from Jojoba Plant and its Inferior Early Diagnosis of Sex.","authors":"Mohei El-Din Solliman","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.48.59","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.48.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; In jojoba plants, the sex is usually difficult to identify, especially before flowering and during the very early stages of development. This stage is expected to facilitate breeding programs and adopt an invention and approach to isolate the GPAT gene identified between males and females: The study aimed at early diagnosis of sex in jojoba by sequence characterized by GPAT gene of sex-determining by simplex PCR. To prove the existence of the GPAT gene in male jojoba plants which may be the sex determination and identification in all plant systems. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Initially, different primers were selected for the sex determination of jojoba samples using PCR-based amplification. The primers that can produce distinct DNA bands in males, not in females were selected for further experiments. The amplification of a male-specific GPAT marker situated in the sex determination region was amplified using specific primers. The newly designed GPAT primers flank region. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; For the first time, separation and identified of the GPAT gene sequence of jojoba was done. The novel method represents a breakthrough in the sex determination of jojoba to identify sex at early developmental stages. This work provides a potentially useful diagnostic for determining sex in jojoba species. In this report, a breakthrough in the methodology for determining the sex of jojoba has been made. The amplified regions of the GPAT gene closely matched with sequences of GPAT in papaya and humans. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The authors make an interesting finding by targeting the sequences in the GPAT gene and the final conclusion that PCR as a simple, rapid and reliable technique can complement and confirm sex by using specific primers pair according to our invention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"48-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}