PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"Preventive behaviors of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults in Thailand.","authors":"Kanchana Piboon, Jarinthip Chomchaipon, Dhammawat Ouppawongsapat, Wanlop Jaidee, Patchana Hengboriboonpong Jaidee, Paiboon Pongsaengpan, Wiriya Mahikul","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19412","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic was a major public health crisis, especially among older people. This study aimed to examine factors affecting preventive behaviors among community-dwelling older adults across all regions of Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic using the health belief model (HBM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 910 participants from Thailand in July and August 2021. A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were collected through a structured interview process. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants' mean age was 66.5 ± 4.64 years, with the majority being female (61.8%) and residing in the central region (26.5%). The results indicated that all participants (100.0%) agreed that COVID-19 can be prevented by personal protective equipment, such as masks and disposable gloves. Furthermore, the participants' adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures was evaluated, revealing that the majority (55.8%) always practiced hand hygiene by washing hands with alcohol gel or soap and cleaning them with water before eating. Regression analysis indicated that COVID-19 preventive behaviors were significantly associated with knowledge (<i>b</i> = 0.091), perceived susceptibility (<i>b</i> = 0.066), perceived benefits (<i>b</i> = 0.111), perceived barriers (<i>b</i> = -0.040), and cues to action (<i>b</i> = 0.110) with <i>p</i> < 0.01.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, cues to action, and decreased perceived barriers scores were associated with higher practice scores among community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand. To improve practices, health information campaigns should focus on highlighting the advantages of preventive behaviors, offering tips and advice to overcome barriers, providing cues to action through various reminders on social media, and increasing awareness about disease prevention and control in future pandemics or new disease outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of perioperative massive transfusion on postoperative outcomes of children undergoing brain tumor removal: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Yingyi Xu, Na Zhang, Xinxu Ou, Yuyin Ye, Jianhua Liu, Siyi Zhang, Xinke Xu, Yu Gao, Wenchu Chen, Xingrong Song","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19350","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the influence of massive perioperative transfusion on both short-term and long-term outcomes in children undergoing brain tumor resection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed pediatric patients who underwent brain tumor surgeries at the Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, between October 2014 and March 2022. Massive transfusion was characterized as the transfusion of red blood cells equivalent to or exceeding the estimated preoperative blood volume within 48 h after surgery. To evaluate the relationship between massive transfusion and patient outcomes, logistic regression models were utilized. Survival curves were constructed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients who received massive transfusion with those who did not. The primary outcomes assessed were 30-day all-cause mortality (short-term outcomes) and 1-year survival rates (short-term outcomes).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 306 patients included in the analysis, 78 were categorized as part of the massive transfusion group, while 228 were in the non-massive transfusion group. Multivariable regression analysis indicated that perioperative massive transfusion was significantly linked to an increased risk of 30-day mortality (odds ratio (OR): 0.137, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.036-0.528], <i>p</i> = 0.004). Additionally, patients in the massive transfusion group exhibited higher incidences of postoperative intracranial hypertension (OR: 4.788, 95% CI [1.547-14.824], <i>p</i> = 0.007), extended mechanical ventilation duration (OR: 0.247, 95% CI [58.739-147.895], <i>p</i> < 0.001), and prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stays (ß = 0.184, 95% CI [3.874-15.077], <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Massive transfusion has a pronounced impact on short-term outcomes, particularly increasing perioperative mortality and complication risks in children undergoing brain tumor surgery. Careful consideration of the risks and benefits of transfusion is crucial in managing these cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Husbands' knowledge and attitudes regarding postpartum depression.","authors":"Aisha M Aqeeli, Hanan A Badr, Salmah A Alghamdi","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19426","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental health disorder that can occur anytime within the first year after childbirth. PPD has negative health consequences for mothers, infants, and other family members. Early detection and treatment are essential in mitigating these effects. This study aims to assess husbands' knowledge and attitudes toward PPD among men aged 20 years and older residing in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a cross-sectional design. Participants were recruited through social media and face-to-face methods using a convenience sampling approach. A total of 401 husbands were included in the study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's simple correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the majority of participants (89.5%, <i>n</i> = 359) were Saudi nationals. Approximately half of the husbands (48.4%, <i>n</i> = 194) were between the ages of 30 and 39, whereas only 10% (<i>n</i> = 40) were 50 or older. Nearly half of the participants (45.4%) demonstrated a high level of knowledge about PPD. Additionally, 66.1% of the husbands had a positive attitude toward PPD and had received prior information about the condition. Family and friends were the most commonly cited sources of PPD knowledge. A positive correlation was found between husbands' knowledge and attitudes toward PPD (<i>r</i> = 0.117, <i>P</i> < 0.005). Furthermore, significant associations were observed between husband's knowledge and attitude and several sociodemographic characteristics, including nationality, educational level, occupation, monthly income, and years of marriage (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The husbands demonstrated a good level of knowledge and a positive attitude toward PPD. However, further research is needed to enhance their understanding and attitudes, particularly in addressing the negative beliefs about PPD identified in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Has_circRNA_0122683 (circ-PRKCI) relieves ferroptosis of HPAEpiCs in sepsis-induced acute lung injury by sponging miR-382-5p.","authors":"Limei Yan, Xiajun Lu, Ning Wang, Peng Jia","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19404","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circular ribonucleic acid (RNA) protein kinase C iota (circ-PRKCI, hsa_circRNA_0122683) has been previously reported to be involved in the development of sepsis. However, the knowledge regarding the potential role and mechanism of circ-PRKCI in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is unclear. An <i>in vitro</i> cellular model of sepsis-ALI was simulated by the treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs). The expression of circ-PRKCI in plasma samples from sepsis patients with or without ALI as well as sepsis-ALI cell model was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The diagnostic utility of circ-PRKCI was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The levels of iron content (Fe²⁺), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using corresponding commercial kits. The assessment of cell viability and production of pro-infammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The targeting relationship between circ-PRKCI and miR-382-5p was predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and subsequently confirmed by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Results shows that decreased circ-PRKCI expression but increased miR-382-5p expression was observed in sepsis patients with ALI and sepsis-induced ALI cell model. The area under the curve values of ROC curves for circ-PRKCI in differentiating septic ALI patients from healthy individuals and septic non-ALI patients were 0.996 and 0.999, respectively. Functional <i>in vitro</i> assays revealed that enforced expression of circ-PRKCI alleviated LPS-induced ferroptosis and inflammatory response of HPAEpiCs, which were reversed by Erastin or FIN56 administration. Mechanistically, circ-PRKCI was identified as a sponge of miR-382-5p and negatively regulated miR-382-5p expression. Further rescue experiments showed that miR-382-5p overexpression could compromise the anti-ferroptosis and anti-inflammatory response effects of circ-PRKCI on LPS-induced injury of HPAEpiCs. Our study demonstrated that circ-PRKCI may be a promising biomarker for septic ALI diagnosis. circ-PRKCI inhibits ferroptosis and inflammatory response in sepsis-induced ALI by sponging miR-382-5p, indicating that the circ-PRKCI/miR-382-5p axis might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis-induced ALI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical loading regulates osteogenic differentiation and bone formation by modulating non-coding RNAs.","authors":"Huili Deng, Dongfeng Wan","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19310","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone tissue is highly responsive to mechanical stimuli, with mechanical loading serving as a crucial regulator of bone formation and resorption. The cellular transduction of mechanical loading involves intricate mechanisms, prominently featuring non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Various ncRNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), collaboratively regulate pathways involved in bone formation under mechanical loading. This article elucidates the mechanisms by which mechanical loading influences bone formation through ncRNAs, summarizing key ncRNAs and their regulatory pathways. Aimed at researchers and clinicians in molecular biology, orthopedics, and regenerative medicine, this study provides a theoretical foundation for the future application of mechanical loading to regulate osteogenic differentiation and offers insights into treating diseases associated with abnormal bone formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of obesity-related indices with mild cognitive impairment in adults 60 years and older with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study.","authors":"Jing Feng, Zhenjie Teng, Shuchun Chen","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19442","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19442","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the relation between obesity-related indices and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 597 eligible elderly patients with T2D were included in this retrospective study. All patients were divided into MCI group and normal cognitive group based on neuropsychological assessment. Twelve obesity-related indices were calculated, including body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), lipid accumulation product (LAP), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), a body shape index (ABSI), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and cardiometabolic index (CMI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis, tests for trend and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the relationships between the tests for trend and MCI in elderly patients with T2D. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and areas under the curves (AUC) were used to assess the performance and predictive ability of the obesity-related indices for identifying MCI in elderly patients with T2D.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Multivariate logistic regression showed that elevated BMI, WHR, WHtR, LAP, BRI, CI, VAI, AVI, TyG index, and CMI were associated with an increased risk of MCI in elderly T2D patients after adjusting for potential confounders (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). In addition, TyG index, LAP, CMI, VAI, AVI, WHR, WHtR, BRI, and CI had negative correlations with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). There was a significant linear trend between the levels of BMI (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for trend = 0.004, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for non-linearity = 0.637), WHR (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for trend = 0.006, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for non-linearity = 0.430), WHtR (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for trend &lt; 0.001, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for non-linearity = 0.452), BRI (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for trend &lt; 0.001, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for non-linearity = 0.252), AVI ( &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for trend &lt; 0.001, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for non-linearity = 0.944), and TyG index (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for trend &lt; 0.001, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for non-linearity = 0.514) and risk of MCI in elderly patients with T2D after adjusting for potential confounders. There was a nonlinear association between LAP, VAI or CMI and risk of MCI in elderly patients with T2D (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for non-linearity &lt; 0.001). CMI had the greatest AUC (AUC = 0.682), followed by VAI (AUC = 0.679), TyG index (AUC = 0.673), LAP (AUC = 0.669), AVI (AUC = 0.580), WHtR and BRI (AUC = 0.575), BMI (AUC = 0.560), CI (AUC = 0.556), WHR (AUC = 0.554), BAI (AUC = 0.547), and ABSI (AUC = 0.536).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Elevated obesity-related indices, particularly CMI, VAI, TyG index and LAP, which displayed the higher predictive power, were instrumental in forecasting and evaluating MCI in elderly T2D patients. These findings may provide clues for future studies exploring early diagnostic biomarkers and treatment of MCI in elde","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of heavy metal toxicity induced by platinum accumulation in tumor patients.","authors":"Yuling Zhang, Pi Guo, Xiaoting Huang, Yi-Wei Xu, Zhiwei Zheng, Ling Fang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many studies have focused on adverse reactions caused by platinum drugs but neglected subsequent toxicities and the mechanisms during patient recovery after chemotherapy with different platinum drugs, which need attention because of the heavy metal platinum.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to explore the correlations between platinum accumulation, hematological indices, and clinical toxicity in patients after a metabolism period following platinum drug chemotherapy, to better understand real-world clinical toxicity caused by platinum accumulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled patients receiving platinum chemotherapy, specifically cisplatin, oxaliplatin, or carboplatin. On the 25th day post-chemotherapy, we measured serum platinum concentrations and hematological indices, documented clinical toxicities, and subsequently performed correlation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serum platinum concentrations in oxaliplatin-, cisplatin-, and carboplatin-treated patients were 208.60, 349.15 and 211.30 µg/L (<i>χ</i> ² = 51.755, <i>p</i> < 0.001), respectively. Mediation effect analysis showed that decreased erythrocyte, hemoglobin and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase individually mediated 21.39, 12.0 and 10.94%, respectively, of the platinum positive effect on fatigue. Decreased erythrocyte counts mediated 5.89%, while increased creatinine mediated 5.2% of the platinum positive effect on adverse reactions. The cutoff values of hematological indices, the risk of adverse reactions and fatigue were also obtained in this research which will be applied in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>Platinum accumulation, by disrupting the red blood cell system and liver and kidney function, influences fatigue severity and common adverse reactions in patients during the post-chemotherapy recovery period.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and validation of systemic inflammatory index model and risk assessment of PVT in cirrhosis after splenectomy-a retrospective study.","authors":"Xin Deng, Wenyan Liao, Xinmiao Jiang, Shun Tu, Xiangmin Xie, Yuji Xiao, Wuyao Chen, Huan Zeng, Chengming Ding","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to create and validate a straightforward nomogram to predict portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in cirrhotic patient post-splenectomy, and investigate the predictive potential of systemic inflammation markers. One objective of the study was to develop a predictive model utilizing these markers to detect high-risk individuals early on.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 184 cases of patients with cirrhosis who underwent splenectomy at The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China from January 2015 to September 2023. The cohort was randomly divided into training (<i>n</i> = 130) and validation (<i>n</i> = 54) groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to construct the prediction model. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated based on its ability to discriminate, calibrate, and demonstrate clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found six prediction indexes of PVT in patients with cirrhosis after splenectomy: postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), postoperative derived NLR (dNLR), C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), portal vein diameter (DPV), platelet change value (PVB), and D-dimer (<i>p</i>-value < 0.05). Our clinical prediction model was created based on the aforementioned risk factors and demonstrated superior predictive power in both the primary cohort (AUC = 0.876) and validation cohort (AUC = 0.817). The calibration curve demonstrated satisfactory agreement between model predictions and actual observations, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) curve indicated high clinical net benefit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postoperative NLR, dNLR, CAR, PVB, DPV, and D-dimer were identified as the independent risk factors of PVT in cirrhotic patients post splenectomy. We had successfully established and validated a novel predictive model with good performance, based on systemic inflammatory indices in predicting PVT in cirrhosis after splenectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of high-frequency sonic irrigation on removing debris from root canal isthmus: an <i>in vitro</i> study based on simulated root canals.","authors":"Chun-Hui Liu, Qiang Li, Xiao-Ying Zou, Lin Yue","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infection control is important in root canal treatment. Effective cleaning and shaping are challenging due to complex anatomy, particularly in the isthmus-narrow connections between canals that can harbor bacteria. Conventional needle irrigation (CNI) is inadequate in this region, prompting the use of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and high-frequency acoustic instruments like EDDY. This study evaluates the cleaning effects of four irrigation protocols using 3D-printed isthmus models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty digital root canal models with isthmuses in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds were designed using Ansys 19.0 and 3D printer (20 specimens per isthmus location). Specimens were prepared to 30#, 0.04 without irrigation. Debris accumulation in the isthmus was photographed and analyzed using Image J to calculate the initial debris area (S1). Specimens were then irrigated using CNI, low-frequency sonic irrigation (EndoActivator, EA; Dentsply, Charlotte, NC, USA), PUI, or high-frequency sonic irrigation (EDDY), followed by re-imaging to calculate remaining debris area (S2). Debris reduction percentage was determined using the formula: (S1-S2)/S1 × 100%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Debris reduction varied with isthmus position. In the coronal third, EDDY achieved the highest debris reduction (86.18 ± 2.25%), followed by PUI, EA, and CNI, with significant differences among groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The same trend was observed in the middle third, with EDDY showing the highest efficacy (73.96 ± 6.75%). In the apical third, debris reduction was lower overall, with no significant difference between EDDY and PUI, but both outperformed EA and CNI.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results showed that EDDY demonstrated superior debris removal in the coronal and middle thirds, but all irrigation protocols showed limited efficacy in the apical third.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of patellar taping combined with isometric strength training on pain, muscle strength, and functional performance in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized comparative study.","authors":"Shahnaz Hasan","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patellar taping and quadriceps strengthening exercises are commonly used in physiotherapy to manage patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). However, previous research has reported inconsistent findings regarding quadriceps strength gains at specific knee angles during strength training in individuals with PFPS.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the efficacy of patellar taping and quadriceps isometric strength training (quadriceps-IST) at 60° knee flexion on quadriceps strength, pain, and functional performance in female patients with PFPS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-arm, parallel-group, randomized comparative design was employed. Sixty adult females with PFPS were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (<i>n</i> = 30), which received patellar taping combined with quadriceps strength training at 60°, or the control group (<i>n</i> = 30), which received placebo taping with the same training. Both interventions lasted six weeks. Pain intensity, quadriceps muscle strength, and functional performance were assessed using the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) at 60° knee flexion, single leg triple hop (SLTH) test, and anterior knee pain scale (AKPS). For within and between groups comparison, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test and a Mann-Whitney U tests was employed, with confidence interval (α) set at 95%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within-group analysis showed significant improvements in NPRS and MVIC at 60° knee flexion, SLTH, and AKPS scores post-intervention (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Between-group comparisons revealed that the experimental group had significantly greater improvements in all outcomes at six weeks post-intervention. Additionally, the pre-to-post changes (<i>i.e.</i>, mean difference scores) were larger in the experimental group compared to the control group, which confirmed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrates that patellar taping combined with quadriceps -IST at a 60° knee flexion improves pain, muscle strength, and functional performance compared to placebo taping combined with quadriceps-IST. These findings suggest that incorporating this combined approach may enhance rehabilitation outcomes for patients with PFPS, providing a valuable addition to clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study was registered prospectively in the ClinicalTrials.gov PRS under a trial identifier NCT05168332 and last updated date 15/03/2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}