Pharmaceutical nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Review of their Biomedical Applications and Preparation.","authors":"Mayukh Jana, Ujjwal Kumar Biswas, Chandra Sekhar Patro, Biplab Debnath, Suraj Sharma, Sweet Naskar","doi":"10.2174/0122117385312175240502100018","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385312175240502100018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are gaining significant attention in the pharmaceutical industry due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, making them a popular functional nanocarrier. SLNs are a popular nanocarrier due to their ability to bypass the spleen and liver, offer high drug stability, and improve bioavailability, sterilization, immobilization, targeted drug release, and biocompatible ingredients. This article discusses various SLN preparation techniques, including high shear homogenization, hot homogenization, cold homogenization, microemulsion-based, solvent evaporation, solvent emulsification-evaporation, supercritical fluid-based, spray drying, double emulsion, and precipitation techniques, focusing on methodological aspects. This review discusses the physicochemical behavior of SLNs, including drug loading, release, particle size, stability, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake, and their major biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances and Clinical Approach to Cancer Treatment with Nanotechnology Derived Biomolecule.","authors":"Atul Pratap Singh, Wasim Akhtar, Saif Alam, Naziya","doi":"10.2174/0122117385297455240508055620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385297455240508055620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer nanomedicine has the potential to take advantage of the multifunctionality and diverse biological activity of nanostructures based on biomolecules. Novel drug delivery vehicles can be designed by programming the supramolecular features of biomolecules to achieve multiple therapeutic goals at once, including efficient in vivo transport and targeted drug administration. Proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides can all be engineered into multipurpose nanomedicines. Even while numerous cancer medications reduce mortality, they are still insufficient. Early cancer cell detection and high-specificity therapeutic administration optimise treatment and prevent toxicity. Nanotechnology is improving cancer diagnosis and treatment due to increased systemic toxicity and refractoriness with current methods. Nanotechnology-based immunotherapeutic drugs have reduced cancer cell invasiveness while protecting healthy cells in several cancer types. Carbon nanotubes, polymeric micelles, and liposomes improve cancer medication pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Nanomedicines' use in patient care and promising nanotechnology-based cancer interventions have been covered in this article. Nanomaterials used in treating cancer have been discussed. Additionally, nanomaterial obstacles that hinder their applicability and clinical translation in certain cancer types are addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141080593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-Formulation Approaches to Enhance Transdermal Drug Delivery-An Updated Review of Nanovesicular Carrier \"Transethosomes\".","authors":"Jitendra Pratap Singh, Geetanjali Saini, Gaurav Tiwari, Bhupendra Singh","doi":"10.2174/0122117385306281240427073651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385306281240427073651","url":null,"abstract":"Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive and patient-friendly route for administering therapeutic agents. However, the skin's natural barrier, the stratum corneum, restricts the passage of many drugs, limiting their effectiveness. To overcome this challenge, researchers have developed various nanocarriers to enhance drug penetration through the skin. Transethosomes, a novel and promising drug delivery system, have emerged as an innovative solution for improving transdermal drug delivery. Transethosomes are a hybrid of two established nanocarriers: ethosomes and transfersomes. Ethosomes are lipid-based vesicles that can accommodate lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, while transfersomes are deformable lipid vesicles designed to enhance skin penetration. Transethosomes combine the advantages of both systems, making them ideal candidates for efficient transdermal drug delivery. They are composed of phospholipids, ethanol, and water and exhibit high flexibility, enabling them to squeeze through the tight junctions of the stratum corneum. This abstract reviews the key characteristics of transethosomes, including their composition, preparation methods, mechanisms of action, characterization parameters, and prospects. Moreover, the recent advancements and applications of transethosomes in delivering various therapeutic agents, such as analgesics, anti-inflammatories, hormones, and skincare products, are explored. The enhanced skin penetration capabilities of transethosomes can potentially reduce systemic side effects and improve patient compliance, making them a valuable tool in the field of transdermal drug delivery. In conclusion, transethosomes represent a promising platform for overcoming the challenges of transdermal drug delivery. Their unique properties enable efficient drug permeation through the skin, offering a more controlled and effective means of administering a wide range of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. This abstract highlights the potential of transethosomes as a valuable addition to the field of transdermal drug delivery and paves the way for further research and development in this area.","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-Formulation Approaches to Enhance Transdermal Drug Delivery-An Updated Review of Nanovesicular Carrier \"Transethosomes\".","authors":"Jitendra Pratap Singh, Geetanjali Saini, Gaurav Tiwari, Bhupendra Singh","doi":"10.2174/0122117385306281240427073651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385306281240427073651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive and patient-friendly route for administering therapeutic agents. However, the skin's natural barrier, the stratum corneum, restricts the passage of many drugs, limiting their effectiveness. To overcome this challenge, researchers have developed various nanocarriers to enhance drug penetration through the skin. Transethosomes, a novel and promising drug delivery system, have emerged as an innovative solution for improving transdermal drug delivery. Transethosomes are a hybrid of two established nanocarriers: ethosomes and transfersomes. Ethosomes are lipid-based vesicles that can accommodate lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, while transfersomes are deformable lipid vesicles designed to enhance skin penetration. Transethosomes combine the advantages of both systems, making them ideal candidates for efficient transdermal drug delivery. They are composed of phospholipids, ethanol, and water and exhibit high flexibility, enabling them to squeeze through the tight junctions of the stratum corneum. This abstract reviews the key characteristics of transethosomes, including their composition, preparation methods, mechanisms of action, characterization parameters, and prospects. Moreover, the recent advancements and applications of transethosomes in delivering various therapeutic agents, such as analgesics, anti-inflammatories, hormones, and skincare products, are explored. The enhanced skin penetration capabilities of transethosomes can potentially reduce systemic side effects and improve patient compliance, making them a valuable tool in the field of transdermal drug delivery. In conclusion, transethosomes represent a promising platform for overcoming the challenges of transdermal drug delivery. Their unique properties enable efficient drug permeation through the skin, offering a more controlled and effective means of administering a wide range of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. This abstract highlights the potential of transethosomes as a valuable addition to the field of transdermal drug delivery and paves the way for further research and development in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WITHDRAWN: Development, Optimization and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Celecoxib.","authors":"Madhu Verma, Manish Gautam, Arun Nanda, Iti Chauhan, Mohd Yasir, Alok Pratap Singh, Sagarika Majhi, Raj Kumari, Meenakshi Sharma","doi":"10.2174/2211738511666230831143111","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2211738511666230831143111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors of the journal Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/pages/editorial-policies-main Bentham Science Disclaimer: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10126607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nose-to-brain Drug Delivery System: An Emerging Approach to Chemotherapy-induced Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Shireesha Jannapu Reddy, Srinivas Mutalik, Gollapalle Lakshminarayanashastry Viswanatha, Gautam Kumar, Jeena John, Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi, Arpita Das, Sudip Das, Krishnadas Nandakumar","doi":"10.2174/0122117385291482240426101519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385291482240426101519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise in global cancer burden, notably breast cancer, emphasizes the need to address chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, also known as chemobrain. Although chemotherapy drugs are effective against cancer, they can trigger cognitive deficits. This has triggered the exploration of preventive strategies and novel therapeutic approaches. Nanomedicine is evolving as a promising tool to be used for the mitigation of chemobrain by overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with innovative drug delivery systems. Polymer and lipid-based nanoparticles enable targeted drug release, enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. Utilizing the intranasal route of administration may facilitate drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) by circumventing first-pass metabolism. Therefore, knowledge of nasal anatomy is critical for optimizing drug delivery via various pathways. Despite challenges, nanoformulations exhibit the potential in enhancing brain drug delivery. Continuous research into formulation techniques and chemobrain mechanisms is vital for developing effective treatments. The intranasal administration of nanoformulations holds promise for improving therapeutic outcomes in chemobrain management. This review offers insights into potential future research directions, such as exploring novel drug combinations, investigating alternative delivery routes, or integrating emerging technologies to enhance the efficacy and safety of nanoformulations for chemobrain management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nose-to-brain Drug Delivery System: An Emerging Approach to Chemotherapy-induced Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Shireesha Jannapu Reddy, Srinivas Mutalik, G. L. Viswanatha, Gautam Kumar, Jeena John, M. Chamallamudi, Arpita Das, Sudip Das, K. Nandakumar","doi":"10.2174/0122117385291482240426101519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385291482240426101519","url":null,"abstract":"The rise in global cancer burden, notably breast cancer, emphasizes the need to address chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, also known as chemobrain. Although chemotherapy drugs are effective against cancer, they can trigger cognitive deficits. This has triggered the exploration of preventive strategies and novel therapeutic approaches. Nanomedicine is evolving as a promising tool to be used for the mitigation of chemobrain by overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with innovative drug delivery systems. Polymer and lipid-based nanoparticles enable targeted drug release, enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. Utilizing the intranasal route of administration may facilitate drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) by circumventing first-pass metabolism. Therefore, knowledge of nasal anatomy is critical for optimizing drug delivery via various pathways. Despite challenges, nanoformulations exhibit the potential in enhancing brain drug delivery. Continuous research into formulation techniques and chemobrain mechanisms is vital for developing effective treatments. The intranasal administration of nanoformulations holds promise for improving therapeutic outcomes in chemobrain management. This review offers insights into potential future research directions, such as exploring novel drug combinations, investigating alternative delivery routes, or integrating emerging technologies to enhance the efficacy and safety of nanoformulations for chemobrain management.","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":"99 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Multifunctional Nanoparticles in Cancer Theranostics: Progress and Prospect.","authors":"D. Karati, Swarupananda Mukherjee, Ayon Dutta, Dipanjana Ash, Shayeri Chatterjee Ganguly, Apurbaa Acharya, Biswajit Basu","doi":"10.2174/0122117385304258240427054724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385304258240427054724","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Worldwide, cancer is the second most common cause of death. Chemotherapy and other traditional cancer treatments have toxicities that affect normal cells in addition to their intended targets, necessitating the development of novel approaches to enhance cell-specific targeting.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The present work summarizes the scientific information on nanoparticles in cancer theranostics to provide a comprehensive insight into the preventive and therapeutic potential of nanoparticles in cancer. Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases are searched to collect all the recent (2015-2023) scientific information on smart multifunctional nanoparticles using the terms nanotechnology, cancer theranostics, and polymer.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The use of nanomaterials as chemical biology tools in cancer theranostics has been thoroughly investigated. They demonstrate expanded uses in terms of stability, biocompatibility, and enhanced cell permeability, enabling precision targeting and ameliorating the drawbacks of conventional cancer treatments. The nano platform presents a fascinating chance to acquire multifunctionality and targeting techniques. The production of smart nanomaterials, specifically with regard to the advent of nanotechnology, has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The capability of nanoparticles to functionalize with a variety of biosubstrates, including aptamers, antibodies, DNA, and RNA, and their broad surface area allow them to encapsulate a huge number of molecules, contributing to their theranostic effect. Comparatively speaking, economical, easily produced, and less toxic nanomaterials formed from biological sources are thought to have benefits over those made using conventional processes.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000The present study highlights the uses of several nanoparticles (NPs), and describes numerous cancer theranostics methodologies. The benefits and difficulties preventing their adoption in cancer treatment and diagnostic applications are also critically reviewed. The use of smart nanomaterials, according to this review's findings, can considerably advance cancer theranostics and open up new avenues for tumor detection and treatment.","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140997074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Multifunctional Nanoparticles in Cancer Theranostics: Progress and Prospect.","authors":"Dipanjan Karati, Swarupananda Mukherjee, Ayon Dutta, Dipanjana Ash, Shayeri Chatterjee Ganguly, Apurbaa Acharya, Biswajit Basu","doi":"10.2174/0122117385304258240427054724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385304258240427054724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Worldwide, cancer is the second most common cause of death. Chemotherapy and other traditional cancer treatments have toxicities that affect normal cells in addition to their intended targets, necessitating the development of novel approaches to enhance cell-specific targeting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present work summarizes the scientific information on nanoparticles in cancer theranostics to provide a comprehensive insight into the preventive and therapeutic potential of nanoparticles in cancer. Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases are searched to collect all the recent (2015-2023) scientific information on smart multifunctional nanoparticles using the terms nanotechnology, cancer theranostics, and polymer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of nanomaterials as chemical biology tools in cancer theranostics has been thoroughly investigated. They demonstrate expanded uses in terms of stability, biocompatibility, and enhanced cell permeability, enabling precision targeting and ameliorating the drawbacks of conventional cancer treatments. The nano platform presents a fascinating chance to acquire multifunctionality and targeting techniques. The production of smart nanomaterials, specifically with regard to the advent of nanotechnology, has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The capability of nanoparticles to functionalize with a variety of biosubstrates, including aptamers, antibodies, DNA, and RNA, and their broad surface area allow them to encapsulate a huge number of molecules, contributing to their theranostic effect. Comparatively speaking, economical, easily produced, and less toxic nanomaterials formed from biological sources are thought to have benefits over those made using conventional processes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study highlights the uses of several nanoparticles (NPs), and describes numerous cancer theranostics methodologies. The benefits and difficulties preventing their adoption in cancer treatment and diagnostic applications are also critically reviewed. The use of smart nanomaterials, according to this review's findings, can considerably advance cancer theranostics and open up new avenues for tumor detection and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-Based Theranostics Approach in the Management of Cancer: Review.","authors":"Sonia Singh, Vandana Chauhan, Piyali Barik","doi":"10.2174/0122117385300471240408063205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385300471240408063205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is a prevalent and potentially fatal disease worldwide. The proliferation of abnormal cells and uncontrolled cellular growth characterizes cancer. Cancerous tumors exhibit distinct microenvironments characterized by a deficient lymphatic drainage system and aberrant blood supply. Various medications and diagnostic systems exist for cancer treatment, but they all have inherent limitations and undesirable consequences. Consequently, the achievement of effective cancer detection and treatment remains challenging. Theranostics nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular in nano drug delivery systems. These nanoparticles can diagnose and treat tumors, making them a promising approach in the field. They are designed to be small in size, allowing them to be effective in delivering drugs to targeted areas. Furthermore, these nanoparticles can fundamentally transform the identification and management of several ailments, including cardiovascular disorders and infectious diseases. Such nanoparticles possess dual capabilities, functioning as therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools. They can transport medicinal substances, such as medications, nucleic acids, or therapeutic proteins, and include substances that can be used for imaging, such as contrast agents or fluorescent dyes, to enable non-invasive diagnostics and monitoring of the effectiveness of the treatment. These techniques can be employed for diagnostic purposes to identify, locate, and determine the extent of disorders using imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and fluorescence imaging. These nanoparticles can deliver therapeutic compounds to specific locations accurately during therapy. This leads to improved effectiveness of the treatment, decreased adverse effects, and better patient outcomes. They offer a potential nanomedicine approach by providing diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for disease diagnosis and treatment. Theranostics nanoparticles have distinct characteristics and adaptability, which can transform the healthcare sector by facilitating personalized and precise medical treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}