Pharmaceutical nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of Graphene@C3N4-Cu Beads Nanocomposites and their Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria and Fungi.","authors":"Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.2174/0122117385318008240816043647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385318008240816043647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased intake of drugs worldwide and the subsequent advent of resistance to existing antibiotics have globally threatened health organizations. To combat the problem of these drug-resistant infections, as an alternative approach, graphene (GN)-related nanomaterials have attracted significant interest because of their effective anti-microbial potential. The present study shows the synthesis and characterization of nanocomposite of GN with carbon nitride viz. g- C3N4, g-C3N4-Cu, and GN@g-C3N4-Cu. Further, we investigated the anti-microbial potential of these nanocomposites against strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, viz., a multidrug- resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA), a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC33593 (MRSA), and an azole-sensitive fungal strain (Candida albicans ATCC14053).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The morphological characterization of GN@g-C3N4-Cu nanocomposite was executed by scanning electron microscopy, whereas the elemental analysis and their distribution were studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental mapping methods. Furthermore, the anti-microbial and antibiofilm efficacies of g-C3N4, g-C3N4-Cu, and GN@g-C3N4-Cu nanocomposites were evaluated by disc diffusion, two-fold serial micro broth dilution, and 96 well microtiter plate methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ternary g-C3N4-Cu@GN, apart from the structures of g-C3N4-Cu, showed big sheets of GN. The observance of C, N, O, and Cu in the elemental analysis, as well as their uniform distribution in the mapping, indicated the successful fabrication of g-C3N4-Cu@GN. GN@g-C3N4-Cu followed by g-C3N4-Cu and (g-C3N4) exhibited significantly higher antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition from 14.33 to 49.33 mm) against both the drug-resistant bacterial strains and azole-sensitive C. albicans. MICs of nanocomposites ranged from 32 -256 μg/ml against the tested strains. Whereas all three nanocomposites at sub-MICs (0.25 A- and 0.5 A- MICs) showed concentration- dependent inhibition of biofilm formation in MDRPA, MRSA, and C. albicans by allowing 11.35% to 32.59% biofilm formation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights the enhanced efficiency of GN@g-C3N4-Cu nanocomposites as potential anti-microbial and antibiofilm agents to overcome the challenges of multi-drug-resistant bacteria and azole-sensitive fungi. Such kind of nanocomposites could be used to prevent nosocomial infections if coated on medical devices and food manufacturing instruments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Nanotechnological Approaches for Effective Delivery of Rutin: An Updated Review.","authors":"Keshav Bansal, Hemant Bhati, Vanshita Singh, Uday Pratap","doi":"10.2174/0122117385308249240723111115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385308249240723111115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyphenols are a group of naturally occurring compounds that have intriguing biological activities. Among these compounds is rutin, a polyphenolic flavanol found in many plants, including passion flowers, buckwheat seed, fruits and fruit rinds, and citrus fruits (such as orange, grapefruit, lemon, and lime). Various studies have demonstrated rutin to possess antibacterial, antifungal, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-adipogenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-osteoporotic, radioprotective, gastroprotective, neuroprotective, and nephroprotective activities. Despite its benefits, rutin's therapeutic applicability is severely limited due to its low water solubility, sensitivity to oxidation, and dissolving rate. However, these problems can be overcome by employing an efficient delivery approach. An extensive number of nanocarriers can be developed for medicinal use if pre-clinical as well as human-clinical studies are completed. The current review presents an overview of effective rutin nano-formulations for targeted therapy in various health disorders. This review article discusses the clinical evidence, current status, as well as future opportunities of rutin nanocarriers for increasing rutin's bioactivity for possible medicinal uses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Seed Extract and their Potential Medicinal Applications.","authors":"Apsara Kavital, Murigendra B Hiremath, Ritesh Vernekar, Pradeep S Goudar","doi":"10.2174/0122117385316957240710045706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385316957240710045706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Nanotechnology is considered as one of the fastest-developing areas in the biomedicine field. Hence, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Syzygium cumini seed extract was carried out in this study.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), FE-SEM (Field Emission scanning electron microscopic), AFM (Atomic Force Microscope), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and EDX (Energy dispersive X-Ray). Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl), PM (Phosphomolybdenum) assay, and albumin denaturation assay. Further, the antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was studied against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. In addition, the antidiabetic activity of nanoparticles was studied by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The surface plasmon resonance at 430 nm confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. They were stable and spherical in shape, with sizes ranging from 30 to 90 nm. The DPPH inhibition % of silver nanoparticles varied from 7.91±0.39% to 68.35±0.76%. The % inhibition of albumin denaturation was comparable to the diclofenac. Further, the results of antibacterial activity revealed that the zone of inhibition for all the test bacteria varied from 14.33±0.58 to 25.33±0.58 mm, where B. cereus was more susceptible. In addition, the % inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase varied from 19.91±0.15% to 61.43±0.31% and 15.26±0.11% to 55.38±0.20%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first attempt of utilizing the silver nanoparticles synthesized from S. cumini seed extract for antidiabetic activity. The study suggests that these nanoparticles could be well utilized in pharmaceutical industries as an efficient antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antidiabetic drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite with Silver Nanoparticles and Oregano Essential Oil-Loaded Nanoparticles Intended for Wound Healing.","authors":"Laura Hernández-Rizo, Angélica Villanueva-Martínez, Enrique Salas-Téllez, Brígida Del Carmen Camacho-Enríquez, María Gabriela Vargas-Martínez, Adriana Ganem-Rondero","doi":"10.2174/0122117385315666240708060501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385315666240708060501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Since wounds are a primary source of infection, it is desirable to have a wound dressing that prevents infectious processes during the tissue regeneration phase. In this regard, silver nanoparticles, oregano essential oil, and chitosan have been utilized due to their antimicrobial activity. This work focused on the preparation of a composite containing these three components, intended to provide protection for wounds, especially by exerting antimicrobial effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A composite based on chitosan nanoparticles loaded with oregano essential oil (OEO) and silver nanoparticles was fabricated through the casting-solvent evaporation method. The films were prepared from a suspension of chitosan nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized by size and entrapment efficiency. The surface of the films was observed by SEM, and the mechanical resistance, occlusive capacity, and antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa were evaluated. The release of OEO from the films was studied using Franz-type cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A composite was successfully prepared from a dispersion of OEO-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (147.8 nm, PDI = 0.35; entrapment efficiency = 80.9 %; loading capacity = 38 %) and silver nanoparticles (19.6 nm, PDI = 0.4). A film could be formed that made the composite by pouring the chitosan nanoparticle dispersion directly into molds. The composite presented advantageous characteristics, such as being semi-occlusive (occlusion factor ~ 40 % and reduction in TEWL of 18 %), allowing the sustained release of OEO (about 0.2 mgCm-2 h-1 during 8 h), and having antimicrobial activity for the three strains evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prepared composite can be considered a potential candidate for dressing materials intended to prevent and treat wound infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytosomes Nanocarrier with Insight Towards the Future in Cancer Therapy: A Mini-Review.","authors":"Innocent Sutnga, Akash Sharma, Raja Chakraborty","doi":"10.2174/0122117385304559240626101716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385304559240626101716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is classified as having one of the highest mortality rates on a global scale, presenting a significant challenge in its treatment, especially when conventional chemotherapy methodologies are used. Conversely, there is a growing interest in utilizing herbal medicine as an alternative to the treatment of cancer because of its lack of adverse effects compared to contemporary medical strategies. The incorporation of nanotechnology into therapy has attracted attention owing to its efficacy in the treatment of various illnesses. Phytosomes play a crucial role in the treatment of cancer by enhancing the characteristics of drugs and nanostructures within carriers to enable targeted drug delivery. The establishment of chemical bonds between phospholipid molecules and bioactive compounds from plants ensures the stability of phytosomes, thus establishing them as an innovative mechanism for drug delivery systems that transport plant-derived constituents to specific areas. This mini-overview discusses the potential phytosome complexes, uses, drawbacks, patents, challenges, and prospects of phytosomes in cancer treatment. Thus, numerous phytosomal formulations incorporating plant-derived components have exhibited promising anticancer properties, with several formulations currently undergoing clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Nanomaterials as Potential Weapons against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"Bhargav Devliya, Bimalkumar Patel, Shreya J Chauhan, Hitesh D Patel","doi":"10.2174/0122117385314186240522100239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385314186240522100239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a serious public health problem with high fatality rates and difficult treatment. Conventional antimicrobials are limited in their effectiveness against MRSA due to developing resistance mechanisms and protective biofilms. Nanomaterials present a potential alternative since they offer targeted drug delivery and synergetic effects of nanoconjugates, eradicate biofilms, and use photothermal and photodynamic therapies. Furthermore, the discovery of nanovaccines holds the potential for enhancing immune responses against multidrugresistant S. aureus. Nanoparticles show considerable promise in the battle against multidrugresistant S. aureus, but significant obstacles remain, including determining their possible toxicity, scalability, and cost-effectiveness for widespread clinical application. However, by overcoming these barriers, nanomaterial-based techniques provide a viable route for tackling multidrug resistance in S. aureus, opening the path for a future in which successful therapies are within reach.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in Skin Cancer Nanotechnology: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Sonia Singh, Mayuri Varshney","doi":"10.2174/0122117385312923240604105336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385312923240604105336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer among white people, according to the World Health Organisation. The incidence of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers has increased to epidemic levels, making them the most widespread type of skin cancer. Melanoma is a very aggressive form of cancer, characterized by limited treatment choices due to multidrug resistance and an extremely low probability of patient survival. This article explores the various impediments and limitations associated with conventionally available treatments. Chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy are among the conventional treatments for melanoma; however, each of these approaches has several adverse reactions. Recently, there has been a focus on biological and pharmacological research on developing alternative, site-specific therapy approaches. Nanotechnology offers several benefits in this regard, with the potential to enhance the longevity of melanoma patients while minimizing adverse effects. Nanoparticles serve as effective drug carrier systems due to their capacity to improve the solubility of medications with low water solubility, modify pharmacokinetics, prolong drug half-life by reducing immunogenicity, boost bioavailability, and decrease drug metabolism. This article highlights recent advancements in utilizing several nanotechnological techniques, including solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, liposomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, and nanoemulsion polymeric mixed micelles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Insight into Cubosomal Drug Delivery Approaches: An Explicative Review.","authors":"Swarupananda Mukherjee, Ayon Dutta, Dipanjana Ash, Dipanjan Karati","doi":"10.2174/0122117385306495240529052911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385306495240529052911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cubosomes, a novel drug delivery system, have gained significant attention in recent years due to their unique self-assembled structures and enhanced drug encapsulation capabilities. They are administered by oral, ophthalmic, transdermal, and chemotherapeutic routes, to name a few. Due to their many potential benefits-which include high drug dispersal due to the cubic structure, a large surface area, a relatively simple manufacturing process, biodegradability, the capacity to encapsulate hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic compounds, targeted and controlled release of bioactive agents, and the biodegradability of lipids-cubosomes show enormous promise in drug nanoformulations for cancer therapeutics. The most common preparation method involves emulsifying a monoglyceride with a polymer, homogenizing, and then sonicating the mixture. Two distinct approaches to preparing are top-down and bottom-up. This evaluation will examine the materials, methods of preparation, cubosome-related drug encapsulating techniques, drug loading, release mechanism, and their uses. The following databases were used for literature searches: PubMed, Frontiers, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, and MDPI. For the purpose of finding pertinent articles and contents (2015-2024), the keywords \"cubosome; drug delivery systems, nano-carrier, theranostic, drug release mechanism\" and others of a similar nature were utilized. This review will conduct a comprehensive analysis of the cubosome-related composition, production methods, drug encapsulating strategies, drug release mechanisms, and applications. Moreover, the difficulties encountered in fine-tuning different parameters to improve loading capabilities and prospects are also discussed. Innovation in pharmaceutical research and development can be stimulated by the knowledge gathered about cubosomal drug delivery methods. Through the clarification of the mechanisms involved in drug release from cubosomes and the investigation of innovative fabrication procedures, scientists can enhance the cubosomal formulation design for targeted therapeutic uses. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid-Based Nanomedicine for Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances.","authors":"Sanchit Dhankhar, Nitika Garg, Himanshu Sharma, Samrat Chauhan, Monika Saini","doi":"10.2174/0122117385300234240522100826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385300234240522100826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is expected to greatly rise in future, making it a major worldwide health concern with severe impacts on individuals and society. Despite advancements in understanding the cellular and molecular aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in recent decades, it still poses a significant problem. A major problem is accurately delivering drugs to diseased neurons while minimising effects on healthy neurons. This difficulty is worsened by the low water solubility of anti-Alzheimer's disease medicines and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that hinders the entry of central nervous system pharmaceuticals that are highly lipophilic.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The focus of this article is on nanocarriers that are lipid-based. This is one of the more widely accepted methods of treating Alzheimer's disease, as it increases therapeutic efficacy while decreasing side effects related to cooperated neurological disorder payload.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Searched many databases for papers published under the title (including PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar).</p><p><strong>Results/conclusion: </strong>Nano Lipid Carriers (NLCs) are recognized for their ability to target the brain effectively due to their lipid-loving properties and compatibility with living tissues. They improve the absorption of drugs in the brain while decreasing the accumulation of drugs in unintended organs. This work emphasises the importance of nano lipid carriers, which are lipophilic and biocompatible and have demonstrated exceptional targeting efficiency, making them an ideal carrier system for delivering medications to the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141311271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-derived Exosomes: Pioneering Breakthroughs in Therapeutics, Targeted Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine.","authors":"Srabona Dutta, Sourav Ghosh, Monosiz Rahaman, Sejuti Ray Chowdhury","doi":"10.2174/0122117385305245240424093014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385305245240424093014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small extracellular vesicles called exosomes, which cells release, have drawn a lot of attention recently because of their ability to serve as therapeutic delivery systems for drugs and regenerative medicine applications. The investigation of plant-based exosomes as a cutting-edge platform for drug administration has emerged as an enticing research topic. A summary of the pharmaceutical feasibility of exosomes generated from plants and their uses in drug delivery along with regenerative medicine are the goals of this review study. Plant exosomes can be combined into nanoparticlebased medication delivery systems to increase their stability, targeting, and cargo delivery capabilities. By loading plant exosomes with therapeutic compounds and encapsulating them within nanoparticles, controlled release and targeted distribution to specific cells or tissues may be achieved. In gene therapy, plant exosomes can be modified to carry nucleic acids like plasmid DNA, siRNA, or miRNA. Effective gene delivery and therapeutic gene expression regulation can be accomplished by encasing nucleic acids in exosomes or surface-modifying exosomes to improve their interaction with target cells. In this review, we through the history and features of plant exosomes, examine how they differ from mammalian exosomes, and consider how they may be used for gene therapy, tissue regeneration, and targeted medication delivery. The difficulties and prospects for creating exosomebased plant medicines are also explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}