Pathogens最新文献_第6页

Adult Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: Defining Incidence, Risk Factors for Hospitalization, and Poor Outcomes, a Regional Cohort Study, 2016–2022 成人呼吸道合胞病毒感染：2016-2022 年地区队列研究：确定发病率、住院风险因素和不良结局

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090750

Tal Brosh-Nissimov, Daniel Ostrovsky, Amos Cahan, Nir Maaravi, Daniel Leshin-Carmel, Nitzan Burrack, Rotem Gorfinkel, Lior Nesher

{"title":"Adult Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: Defining Incidence, Risk Factors for Hospitalization, and Poor Outcomes, a Regional Cohort Study, 2016–2022","authors":"Tal Brosh-Nissimov, Daniel Ostrovsky, Amos Cahan, Nir Maaravi, Daniel Leshin-Carmel, Nitzan Burrack, Rotem Gorfinkel, Lior Nesher","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090750","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant cause of illness in adults, especially older adults and those with underlying conditions. This study aimed to assess the incidence of RSV hospitalizations in adults and identify risk factors for hospitalization and poor outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from two hospitals in southern Israel from 2016–2022. We calculated incidence rates of RSV and influenza hospitalizations. Risk factors for hospitalization were analyzed using Poisson regression. We evaluated poor outcomes (death, ICU admission, or mechanical ventilation) among RSV-hospitalized patients. Results: The median annual incidence of RSV hospitalization was 28.2/100,000 population, increasing with age to 199/100,000 in those ≥75 years. Significant risk factors for RSV hospitalization included pulmonary diseases (RR 4.2, 95% CI 3.4–5.2), cardiovascular diseases (RR 3.3, 95% CI 2.6–4.2), and chronic renal failure (RR 2.9, 95% CI 2.3–3.7). Among hospitalized RSV patients, 13.9% had poor outcomes. Renal failure (RR 1.81, 95% CI 1.23–2.66), neutropenia (RR 2.53, 95% CI 1.19–5.35), neutrophilia (RR 1.66, 95% CI 1.81–2.34), and lymphopenia (RR 2.03, 95% CI 1.37–3.0) were associated with poor outcomes. Conclusions: RSV causes a substantial burden of hospitalizations in adults, particularly among older adults and those with comorbidities. Identifying high-risk groups can help target prevention and treatment strategies, including vaccination.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanistic Models of Influenza Transmission in Commercial Swine Populations: A Systematic Review 商用猪群中的流感传播机制模型：系统回顾

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090746

Dana C. Pittman Ratterree, Sapna Chitlapilly Dass, Martial L. Ndeffo-Mbah

{"title":"Mechanistic Models of Influenza Transmission in Commercial Swine Populations: A Systematic Review","authors":"Dana C. Pittman Ratterree, Sapna Chitlapilly Dass, Martial L. Ndeffo-Mbah","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090746","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza in commercial swine populations leads to reduced gain in fattening pigs and reproductive issues in sows. This literature review aims to analyze the contributions of mathematical modeling in understanding influenza transmission and control among domestic swine. Twenty-two full-text research articles from seven databases were reviewed, categorized into swine-only (n = 13), swine–avian (n = 3), and swine–human models (n = 6). Strains of influenza models were limited to H1N1 (n = 7) and H3N2 (n = 1), with many studies generalizing the disease as influenza A. Half of the studies (n = 14) considered at least one control strategy, with vaccination being the primary investigated strategy. Vaccination was shown to reduce disease prevalence in single animal cohorts. With a continuous flow of new susceptible animals, such as in farrow-to-finish farms, it was shown that influenza became endemic despite vaccination strategies such as mass or batch-to-batch vaccination. Human vaccination was shown to be effective at mitigating human-to-human influenza transmission and to reduce spillover events from pigs. Current control strategies cannot stop influenza in livestock or prevent viral reassortment in swine, so mechanistic models are crucial for developing and testing new biosecurity measures to prevent future swine pandemics.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resurgence of Clinical Malaria in Ethiopia and Its Link to Anopheles stephensi Invasion 埃塞俄比亚临床疟疾复发及其与史蒂芬按蚊入侵的关系

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090748

Guofa Zhou, Hiwot S. Taffese, Daibin Zhong, Xiaoming Wang, Ming-Chieh Lee, Teshome Degefa, Dejene Getachew, Werissaw Haileselassie, Dawit Hawaria, Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Guiyun Yan

{"title":"Resurgence of Clinical Malaria in Ethiopia and Its Link to Anopheles stephensi Invasion","authors":"Guofa Zhou, Hiwot S. Taffese, Daibin Zhong, Xiaoming Wang, Ming-Chieh Lee, Teshome Degefa, Dejene Getachew, Werissaw Haileselassie, Dawit Hawaria, Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Guiyun Yan","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090748","url":null,"abstract":"The invasion of Anopheles stephensi into Africa poses a potential threat to malaria control and elimination on the continent. However, it is not clear if the recent malaria resurgence in Ethiopia has linked to the expansion of An. stephensi. We obtained the clinical malaria case reports and malaria intervention data from the Ethiopian Ministry of Health (MoH) for the period 2001–2022. We analyzed clinical malaria hotspots and investigated the potential role of An. stephensi in the 2022 malaria outbreaks. Clinical malaria cases in Ethiopia decreased by 80%, from 5.2 million cases in 2004 to 1.0 million cases in 2018; however, cases increased steadily to 2.6 million confirmed cases in 2022. Plasmodium vivax cases and proportion have increased significantly in the past 5 years. Clinical malaria hotspots are concentrated along the western Ethiopian border areas and have grown significantly from 2017 to 2022. Major malaria outbreaks in 2022/2023 were detected in multiple sites across Ethiopia, and An. stephensi was the predominant vector in some of these sites, however, it was absence from many of the outbreak sites. The causes of recent upsurge in malaria in Ethiopia may be multi-factorial and it is a subject of further investigation.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gammaherpesvirus Infection Stimulates Lung Tumor-Promoting Inflammation 伽马疱疹病毒感染会刺激肺肿瘤引发炎症

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090747

Sudurika S. Mukhopadhyay, Kenneth F. Swan, Gabriella Pridjian, Jay K. Kolls, Yan Zhuang, Qinyan Yin, Joseph A. Lasky, Erik Flemington, Cindy A. Morris, Zhen Lin, Gilbert F. Morris

{"title":"Gammaherpesvirus Infection Stimulates Lung Tumor-Promoting Inflammation","authors":"Sudurika S. Mukhopadhyay, Kenneth F. Swan, Gabriella Pridjian, Jay K. Kolls, Yan Zhuang, Qinyan Yin, Joseph A. Lasky, Erik Flemington, Cindy A. Morris, Zhen Lin, Gilbert F. Morris","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090747","url":null,"abstract":"Lung tumor-promoting environmental exposures and γherpesvirus infections are associated with Type 17 inflammation. To test the effect of γherpesvirus infection in promoting lung tumorigenesis, we infected mutant K-Ras-expressing (K-RasLA1) mice with the murine γherpesvirus MHV68 via oropharyngeal aspiration. After 7 weeks, the infected mice displayed a more than 2-fold increase in lung tumors relative to their K-RasLA1 uninfected littermates. Assessment of cytokines in the lung revealed that expression of Type 17 cytokines (Il-6, Cxcl1, Csf3) peaked at day 7 post-infection. These observations correlated with the post-infection appearance of known immune mediators of tumor promotion via IL-17A in the lungs of tumor-bearing mice. Surprisingly, Cd84, an immune cell marker mRNA, did not increase in MHV68-infected wild-type mice lacking lung tumors. Csf3 and Cxcl1 protein levels increased more in the lungs of infected K-RasLA1 mice relative to infected wild-type littermates. Flow cytometric and transcriptomic analyses indicated that the infected K-RasLA1 mice had increased Ly6Gdim/Ly6Chi immune cells in the lung relative to levels seen in uninfected control K-RasLA1 mice. Selective methylation of adenosines (m6A modification) in immune-cell-enriched mRNAs appeared to correlate with inflammatory infiltrates in the lung. These observations implicate γherpesvirus infection in lung tumor promotion and selective accumulation of immune cells in the lung that appears to be associated with m6A modification of mRNAs in those cells.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of 16S-Based Metagenomic NGS as Diagnostic Tool in Different Types of Culture-Negative Infections 将基于 16S 的元基因组 NGS 作为不同类型培养阴性感染的诊断工具的评估

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090743

Sara Giordana Rimoldi, Alessandro Tamoni, Alberto Rizzo, Concetta Longobardi, Cristina Pagani, Federica Salari, Caterina Matinato, Chiara Vismara, Gloria Gagliardi, Miriam Cutrera, Maria Rita Gismondo

{"title":"Evaluation of 16S-Based Metagenomic NGS as Diagnostic Tool in Different Types of Culture-Negative Infections","authors":"Sara Giordana Rimoldi, Alessandro Tamoni, Alberto Rizzo, Concetta Longobardi, Cristina Pagani, Federica Salari, Caterina Matinato, Chiara Vismara, Gloria Gagliardi, Miriam Cutrera, Maria Rita Gismondo","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090743","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial infections pose significant global health challenges, often underestimated due to difficulties in accurate diagnosis, especially when culture-based diagnostics fail. This study assesses the effectiveness of 16S-based metagenomic next generation sequencing (NGS) for identifying pathogens in culture-negative clinical samples across various medical settings. Overall, 48% of samples were collected from orthopedics, 15% from neurosurgery, and 12% in cardiac surgery, among others. The detection rate of monomicrobial infections was 68.6%, and 5.7% for polymicrobial infections. In addition, NGS detected bacteria in all samples from the lungs, head and neck, and eye specimens. Cutibacterium acnes (11%, 12/105) was the most frequent microorganism, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.4%, 11/105), and Staphylococcus aureus (9.5%, 10/105). In conclusion, 16S-targeted metagenomic sequencing enhances pathogen detection capabilities, particularly in instances where traditional cultures fail. By the combination of NGS and bacterial cultures, microbiologists might provide a more accurate diagnosis, guiding more effective treatments and potentially reducing healthcare costs associated with empirical treatments.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) as a Natural or Alternative Host for Piscine Myocarditis Virus (PMCV) Infection 评估大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）作为鱼类心肌炎病毒（PMCV）感染的天然宿主或替代宿主的情况

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090744

Ingvild B. Nyman, Øystein Wessel, Håvard Bjørgen, Marta Alarcon, Torstein Tengs, Espen Rimstad

{"title":"Evaluating Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) as a Natural or Alternative Host for Piscine Myocarditis Virus (PMCV) Infection","authors":"Ingvild B. Nyman, Øystein Wessel, Håvard Bjørgen, Marta Alarcon, Torstein Tengs, Espen Rimstad","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090744","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) caused by piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) has emerged with the rise of the aquaculture of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The lack of cell culture cultivation has hampered the study of this infection. In this study, samples from naturally PMCV-infected Atlantic salmon from different commercial farms were collected and used. In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed intense staining of PMCV RNA in myocardial cells in the spongiform layer of the heart ventricle but almost no staining in the compact layer. In the kidneys, only sporadic staining was seen. Viral RNA was present in all organs, with the highest loads in the heart, kidney, and spleen. The high viral PMCV RNA loads in the heart were due to extensive viral mRNA transcription. The high ratio of viral mRNA to viral genomic dsRNA indicated active transcription but limited production of new viral particles. This suggests that the histopathological changes in the heart are caused by viral mRNA and corresponding viral proteins and not by virus particle formation. The production of full-length transcripts is regulated, with a reduction in the relative number of ORF3-containing transcripts at high transcription rates. Efforts to identify alternative hosts, such as fungi, were inconclusive, as fungal sequences were found inconsistently in the salmon tissue samples. The results of this study reinforce the need for further research to fully understand PMCV’s life cycle and potential alternative hosts and its whereabouts when it is not infecting the hearts of the Atlantic salmon.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Helminthophagous Fungi in the Biological Control of Human and Zoonotic Intestinal Helminths 嗜螺旋真菌在人类和人畜共患肠道蠕虫生物控制中的作用

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090741

Jackson Victor de Araújo, Júlia dos Santos Fonseca, Beatriz Bacelar Barbosa, Helbert Ananias Valverde, Huarrisson Azevedo Santos, Fabio Ribeiro Braga

{"title":"The Role of Helminthophagous Fungi in the Biological Control of Human and Zoonotic Intestinal Helminths","authors":"Jackson Victor de Araújo, Júlia dos Santos Fonseca, Beatriz Bacelar Barbosa, Helbert Ananias Valverde, Huarrisson Azevedo Santos, Fabio Ribeiro Braga","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090741","url":null,"abstract":"Nematophagous, or helminthophagous fungi of the genera Duddingtonia, Arthrobotrys, Monacrosporium, Pochonia, Paecilomyces, and Mucor, have been used over the years in in vitro and in vivo experiments to control helminth parasites that are potentially zoonotic. These fungi have shown efficacy against the following helminth genera: Ancylostoma, Toxocara, Enterobius, Strongyloides, Angiostrongylus, Taenia, Fasciola, and Schistosoma. The results obtained from these experiments, together with studies on soil contamination, suggest the viability of their use as a sustainable and effective strategy to reduce environmental contamination by these zoonotic parasites. Therefore, the aim of this review was to address the role of helminthophagous fungi in the biological control of potentially zoonotic helminths. To this end, we describe (1) a brief history of helminthophagous fungi; (2) a discussion of some potentially zoonotic intestinal parasites; (3) the importance of helminthophagous fungi in the control of nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes; and (4) the potential of helminthophagous fungi as a practical and sustainable strategy.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemiology of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections among Pediatric Patients in Hainan Island, China, 2021–2023 2021-2023 年中国海南岛儿科患者感染人类副流感病毒的流行病学研究

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090740

Meifang Xiao, Afreen Banu, Xiangyue Zeng, Shengjie Shi, Ruoyan Peng, Siqi Chen, Nan Ge, Cheng Tang, Yi Huang, Gaoyu Wang, Xiaoyuan Hu, Xiuji Cui, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Feifei Yin, Meng Chang

{"title":"Epidemiology of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections among Pediatric Patients in Hainan Island, China, 2021–2023","authors":"Meifang Xiao, Afreen Banu, Xiangyue Zeng, Shengjie Shi, Ruoyan Peng, Siqi Chen, Nan Ge, Cheng Tang, Yi Huang, Gaoyu Wang, Xiaoyuan Hu, Xiuji Cui, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Feifei Yin, Meng Chang","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090740","url":null,"abstract":"Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are the leading causes of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), particularly in children. During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) significantly influenced the epidemiology of respiratory viruses. This study analyzed 19,339 respiratory specimens from pediatric patients with ARTIs to detect HPIVs using PCR or tNGS, focusing on the period from 2021 to 2023. HPIVs were identified in 1395 patients (7.21%, 1395/19,339), with annual detection rates of 6.86% (303/4419) in 2021, 6.38% (331/5188) in 2022, and 7.82% (761/9732) in 2023. Notably, both the total number of tests and HPIV-positive cases increased in 2023 compared to 2021 and 2022. Seasonal analysis revealed a shift in HPIV prevalence from winter and spring in 2021–2022 to spring and summer in 2023. Most HPIV-positive cases were in children aged 0–7 years, with fewer infections among those aged 7–18 years. Since June 2022, HPIV-3 has been the most prevalent serotype (59.55%, 524/880), whereas HPIV-2 had the lowest proportion (0.80%, 7/880). The proportions of HPIV-1 (24.89%, 219/880) and HPIV-4 (15.45%, 136/880) were similar. Additionally, the incidence of co-infections with other common respiratory pathogens has increased since 2021. This study highlights rising HPIV detection rates post-COVID-19 and underscores the need for continuous surveillance of HPIVs to inform public health strategies for future epidemic seasons.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial Clustering of Rabies by Animal Species in New Jersey, United States, from 1989 to 2023 1989 年至 2023 年美国新泽西州按动物种类划分的狂犬病空间集群分布情况

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090742

Shamim Sarkar, Jaymie R. Meliker

{"title":"Spatial Clustering of Rabies by Animal Species in New Jersey, United States, from 1989 to 2023","authors":"Shamim Sarkar, Jaymie R. Meliker","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090742","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying spatial clusters of rabies in animals aids policymakers in allocating resources for rabies prevention and control. This study aimed to investigate spatial patterns and hotspots of rabies in different animal species at the county level in New Jersey. Data on animal rabies cases from January 1989 to December 2023 were obtained from the New Jersey Department of Health and aggregated by county. Global Moran’s index (I) statistics were computed for each species to detect global spatial clustering (GeoDa version 1.22). Local Moran’s indicators of spatial association (LISA) were computed to identify local clusters of rabies. The results from the LISA analysis were mapped using ArcGIS Pro to pinpoint cluster locations. A total of 9637 rabies cases were analyzed among raccoons (n = 6308), skunks (n = 1225), bats (n = 1072), cats (n = 597), foxes (n = 225), and groundhogs (n = 210). A global Moran’s test indicated significant global spatial clustering in raccoons (I = 0.32, p = 0.012), foxes (I = 0.29, p = 0.011), and groundhogs (I = 0.37, p = 0.005). The LISA results revealed significant spatial clustering of rabies in raccoons and foxes in southeastern New Jersey and in groundhogs in northern New Jersey. These findings could guide the development of targeted oral rabies vaccination programs in high-risk New Jersey counties, reducing rabies exposure among domestic animals and humans.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimating the Seroprevalence of Scrub Typhus in Nepal 估算尼泊尔恙虫病的血清流行率

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090736

Piyada Linsuwanon, Nutthanun Auysawasdi, Chien-Chung Chao, Wuttikon Rodkvamtook, Binob Shrestha, Samita Bajracharya, Jasmin Shrestha, Sirima Wongwairot, Chawin Limsuwan, Erica Lindroth, Alyssa Mann, Silas Davidson, Elizabeth Wanja, Sanjaya Kumar Shrestha

{"title":"Estimating the Seroprevalence of Scrub Typhus in Nepal","authors":"Piyada Linsuwanon, Nutthanun Auysawasdi, Chien-Chung Chao, Wuttikon Rodkvamtook, Binob Shrestha, Samita Bajracharya, Jasmin Shrestha, Sirima Wongwairot, Chawin Limsuwan, Erica Lindroth, Alyssa Mann, Silas Davidson, Elizabeth Wanja, Sanjaya Kumar Shrestha","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090736","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to the devastating earthquake in Nepal in 2015, scrub typhus was not recognized as a highly endemic disease in the country. This contrasted with neighboring India, where scrub typhus is endemic and there have been sporadic outbreaks of severe forms. This discrepancy underscores the limitations in our comprehensive understanding of the scrub typhus epidemiological patterns in Nepal, especially before 2015. To better understand the dynamic and current status of scrub typhus, this study investigated its prevalence among patients with acute febrile illness in two hospitals located in Pokhara city, Kaski district and Bharatpur city, Chitwan district during 2009–2010. Our findings revealed that 31.5% (239 of 759 patients) of the cases were positives for scrub typhus based on serological and pathogen detection assays. These results provide crucial insights into the pre-earthquake endemicity of scrub typhus in Nepal, implying its long-standing presence in the region prior to the significant environmental transformations caused by the 2015 earthquake. This study also emphasizes the need for heightened awareness and improved diagnostic capabilities to effectively manage and control scrub typhus, which remains a significant public health concern in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0