Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Non fermenting Gram-negative Bacilli Isolated from Blood Culture Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital.","authors":"Ankita Poddar, Yugeshwari R Tiwade, Shibanand Nepal Karmakar","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_97_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_97_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) are emerging as a significant cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs), a major concern of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The high intrinsic resistance of NFGNB to antimicrobial compounds makes treatment of BSI difficult and expensive.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NFGNB and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A total of 1230 blood culture samples were received in the department of microbiology during the study period of 3 months, which were processed by standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 255 (20.73%) positive blood culture samples, 105 (8.5%) Gram-negative bacilli were isolated, of which 41 (3.33%) NFGNB were identified. The most common isolate identified is Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21), followed by Acinetobacter spp. (20). A higher percentage of antibiotic resistance was seen for Acinetobacte r spp. and even higher antibiotics like ceftazidime (87.5%) and gentamicin (92.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study will help us start empirical treatment and implement proper hospital infection control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"33 4","pages":"511-514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148369457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Masquerading as Tuberculosis Reactivation: A Case of Diagnostic Concealment in an Occult Thyroid Nodule.","authors":"Ankit Girepunje, Arvind Bhake, Anil Agrawal, Keshav Yadav, Suhit Naseri","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_281_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_281_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) with tumour-associated granulomas presents a significant diagnostic challenge in tuberculosis (TB)-endemic regions, particularly when thyroid nodules are non-palpable. We report a 75-year-old woman with treated pulmonary TB who presented with dyspnoea and pleural effusion, leading to initial clinical suspicion of TB reactivation. An incidental non-palpable thyroid nodule discovered on ultrasound was revealed to be MTC with epithelioid granulomas on fine-needle aspiration cytology. The absence of a palpable neck mass diverted clinical attention towards pulmonary TB, demonstrating how thyroid malignancy can remain concealed by TB manifestations. Elevated serum calcitonin (620 pg/mL) and Congo red-positive amyloid deposits confirmed MTC post-thyroidectomy. This case underscores the critical importance of systematic calcitonin testing in granulomatous thyroid lesions, even in non-palpable nodules, to prevent delayed cancer diagnosis in TB-prevalent healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"33 4","pages":"535-538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148369417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Predicts Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Literacy in Primary Schoolteachers?","authors":"Jemy J Jome, Vidya Prabhu, Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran, R Vani Lakshmi","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_213_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_213_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition affecting children's learning and behaviour. Teachers play a pivotal role in early identification, yet little is known about factors predicting their ADHD literacy in India.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study was conducted to evaluate the Mental Health Literacy (MHL) of primary schoolteachers regarding ADHD and to identify the predictors of MHL among teachers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted among 303 primary schoolteachers. The study period was from December 2023 to June 2024. The study was conducted in Varkala and Attingal educational subdistricts of Thiruvananthapuram district. There are a total of 110 schools in both Attingal and Varkala subdistrict. A stratified cluster sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. Data were collected using a semi-structured validated questionnaire. Furthermore, the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (KADDSs) was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to assess knowledge and compare across socio-demographic characteristics. Binomial logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of MHL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of participants (56.8%) were in the age group of 35-50 years, with 94.4% being female. Most teachers (38%) had more than 10 years of teaching experience. The study found that 98.7% of teachers had a low level of knowledge related to ADHD. The mean knowledge scores showed significant association with socio-demographic characteristics such as marital status ( P = 0.01), status of work ( P = 0.004), type of school ( P < 0.001), teaching hours per week ( P = 0.005), medium of instruction ( P = 0.03) and average class strength ( P < 0.001). The school area and average class strength were significant predictors influencing the MHL of teachers (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-9.44; AOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.37-4.15, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings show that most teachers have low ADHD knowledge, influenced by socio-demographic factors, with school area and class strength significantly predicting MHL. This highlights the need for targeted training to improve teachers' ability to support students with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"33 4","pages":"496-503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148369551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance.","authors":"Sai Chandan Manne, Zayan Mohammed, Krishnaswamy Madhavan, Jayaprakash Varadharajan, Janardhanan Subramonia Kumar","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_492_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_492_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) refers to a spectrum of kidney disorders caused by monoclonal immunoglobulins produced by small, often clinically silent clones of B-cells or plasma cells that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for overt haematological malignancy. These entities are frequently overlooked, as their clinical presentation often mimics more common renal diseases and typical markers of monoclonal protein may be absent. We describe the case of a 49-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and hypertension who presented with nephrotic-range proteinuria. Despite unremarkable findings on serum and urine protein electrophoresis and a normal bone marrow biopsy, serum free light chain analysis revealed significantly elevated kappa chains. Renal biopsy demonstrated classic features of both kappa light chain cast nephropathy and light chain deposition disease. This case highlights the role of renal biopsy and serum free light chain assays in the diagnosis of MGRS, especially when traditional paraprotein studies are inconclusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"33 3","pages":"381-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Coconut Husk and Coconut Shell Ash Powder for Latent Fingerprint Development.","authors":"Akhila Shetty, Anitta Joseph, Chandni Gupta, Vikram Palimar","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_320_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_320_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conventional powder agents are compounds of chemicals that have a high potential for causing harm to the user and are also expensive for developing latent fingerprints from crime scenes.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study aimed to show the effectiveness of coconut ash-based powders as potential latent fingerprint development powders, determine the optimal particle size for effective visualisation, and assess the visibility of sweat pores after powder application.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The dried coconut shell and coconut husk were burnt, and its ash was ground into fine particles. The latent thumbprints of 269 participants were collected on the glass surface. The developed powders were applied to the deposited latent fingerprints. The developed prints were scored as per the 'Fingerprint Quality Assessment scale'. The powder-developed prints were then photographed using a mobile phone for documentation purposes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was observed that coconut shell ash powder developed high-quality fingerprints, especially at 200 mesh size, with clear visualisation of sweat pores from the developed prints as compared to coconut husk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, coconut shell ash powder proved to be the better powder for the development of clear latent fingerprint visualisation along with sweat pores at 200 mesh size from the glass surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"33 3","pages":"328-335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical Evaluation of Implant Size and Osseointegration Using Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis.","authors":"Pallavi Sitaram Kamble, Shrivardhan Kalghatgi, Priyatam Karade, Ajit S Nair, Aakash Chatterjee, Rutuja Vijay Chopade","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_488_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_488_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Finite element analysis (FEA) is a technique for obtaining a solution to a complex mechanical problem by dividing the problem domain into a collection of much smaller and simpler domains (elements) in which the field variables can be interpolated with the use of shape functions. Load transfer from implants to surrounding bone depends on the type of loading, the bone-implant interface, the length and diameter of the implants, the shape and characteristics of the implant surface, the prosthesis type and the quantity and quality of the surrounding bone. FEA allows researchers to predict stress distribution in the contact area of the implants with the cortical bone and around the apex of the implants in trabecular bone.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to compare the stress and strain on a single implant and its surrounding bone for various implant lengths and diameters, both before and after osseointegration.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An initial model of a single implant substituting a second premolar was developed with reference to a posterior cross-sectional area of both cortical and cancellous bone on a personal computer using ANSYS software. The length and diameter of the implant were assumed to be L = 11.5 mm and D = 4 mm. The loading condition was performed by the application of the static vertical force of 118.2 N to the node of the implant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increased implant length results in stress reduction on the implant in both immediate and delayed implant loading. In the present study, the Von Miss Stress are reduced. Furthermore, increased implant diameter results in stress reduction on the implant in both immediate and delayed implant loading.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study indicates that implant length prior to and after osseointegration is not the sole factor affecting stress/strain distribution pattern. There are other influencing factors like type of loading, the bone-implant interface, the length and diameter of the implants, the shape and characteristics of the implant surface, the prosthesis type and the quantity and quality of the surrounding bone.</p>","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"33 3","pages":"336-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Functional Rehabilitation on Muscle Strength, Dynamic Balance and Functional Performance 1 Year after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Randomised Controlled Trial.","authors":"Hao Feng, Johan Bin Abdul Kahar, Izwan Zuhrin Bin Abdul Malek, Mohd Zaidi Bin Saleh","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_504_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_504_25","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Return to sport (RTS) success rates remain suboptimal for high sports demand individuals (HSDs) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Traditional rehabilitation model (TRM) primarily focuses on strength recovery and range of motion but demonstrates deficiencies in neuromuscular control and sport-specific conditioning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to compare the effects of functional rehabilitation model (FRM) versus Traditional rehabilitation model (TRM) on post-operative functional recovery and RTS outcomes in HSDs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A prospective single-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted including 64 HSDs who underwent ACLR (exercise ≥3 times per week, Tegner score &gt;5), randomly allocated to the FRM group ( n = 32) and TRM group ( n = 32). The FRM group received a performance-based progressive 24-week rehabilitation protocol incorporating multimodal sensory training, closed-chain exercises, unstable surface proprioceptive training and sport-specific skill integration. The TRM group received a standard time-oriented 24-week rehabilitation protocol. The primary outcomes included 48-week RTS rate and functional recovery trajectory. The secondary outcomes included isokinetic strength, single-leg hop tests, modified star excursion balance test, proprioception and patient-reported outcomes (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC], Lysholm and Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury [ACL-RSI]). Assessment time points included pre-operative baseline, 24 weeks and 48 weeks postoperatively. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate longitudinal changes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Fifty-seven patients completed follow-up (retention rate: 89.1%). The FRM group demonstrated significantly higher 48-week successful RTS rate compared to the TRM group (89.3% vs. 62.1%, P = 0.038), with relative risk 1.44 (95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.97) and number needed to treat 3.7. Repeated measures analysis revealed that the FRM group significantly outperformed the TRM group in quadriceps peak torque (48 weeks: 124.17 ± 7.25 vs. 98.42 ± 8.73 Nm, P &lt; 0.001) and limb symmetry index (89.15% ± 3.85% vs. 69.45% ± 5.15%, P &lt; 0.001). In single-leg hop tests, the FRM group demonstrated superior performance in lateral hop time (5.54 ± 2.25 vs. 7.84 ± 3.37 s, P = 0.004) and box hop symmetry index (97.50% ± 29.60% vs. 76.20% ± 31.40%, P = 0.011). Proprioceptive testing showed that the FRM group had smaller position sense errors at 30° (2.83° ± 1.63° vs. 4.25° ± 1.85°, P = 0.002) and 45° knee flexion angles (6.37° ± 1.69° vs. 7.57° ± 1.73°, P = 0.008). Patient-reported outcomes demonstrated the FRM group superiority in IKDC (89.45 ± 9.72 vs. 83.45 ± 12.73, P = 0.028), Lysholm (88.71 ± 5.78 vs. 76.12 ± 12.38, P &lt; 0.001) and ACL-RSI scores (79.52 ± 8.17 vs. 70.35 ± 10.24, P &lt; 0.001). The FRM group exhibited sustained linear improvement pat","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"33 3","pages":"311-321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to Timely Care Associated with Complications of Snakebite Envenomation amongst Farmers in Northeastern Nigeria.","authors":"Oladigbo Oluwayomi Isaac, Aminatu Ayaba Kwaku, Rabiu Ibrahim Jalo, Fatimah Isma'il Tsiga-Ahmed, Usman Muhammad Ibrahim, Surayya Murtala Sunusi, Taiwo Gboluwaga Amole, Shuaibu Sabitu Yushau, Hadiza Musa Abdullahi, Isa Sadeeq Abubakar","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_365_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_365_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Delays in seeking medical care after snakebites are common in rural areas and worsen the risks of complications, disability and death. In North-eastern Nigeria, subsistence farmers struggle to access prompt treatment due to financial, geographic and cultural barriers, posing a public health issue.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We assessed the barriers to timely care associated with the complications of snakebite envenomation amongst farmers in Northeastern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>A community-based, sequential explanatory mixed-methods study was conducted in Kaltungo Local Government Area, a recognised hotspot for carpet viper bites.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Farmers aged 15+ years were surveyed with an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) explored experiences, care-seeking behaviours and barriers to treatment. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics to summarise the sociodemographic data and bite patterns. Relationships between barriers to care and complications were examined using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, followed by multivariable logistic regression to control for confounding factors and determine the independent associations. P < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Snakebite prevalence was 42.3% ( n = 160), with 95% reporting symptoms and 91.9% having prolonged complications. Barriers included financial issues (75.5%), transportation (80.9%) and low danger perception (65.5%), all linked to complications ( P < 0.05). FGDs cited hospital cost fears, distance, traditional healer reliance and seasonal exposure as key delay factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Snakebite envenoming remains a health threat for rural farmers, worsened by financial, transportation and sociocultural barriers. Improving health insurance, decentralising antivenom and enhancing health education are crucial for better outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"33 3","pages":"299-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic and Sex Differences in Salt Sensitivity amongst Normotensive Young Adult Nigerians: Implications for Hypertension Prevention.","authors":"Ahmed Kolade Oloyo, Abdullahi Adeyinka Adejare, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Simiat Olanike Elias, Oyewole Adebiyi Kushimo, Olusoga Adekunle Sofola","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_620_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_620_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High dietary salt intake is a well-established modifiable risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Salt sensitivity - a blood pressure (BP) phenotype defined by exaggerated BP response to salt loading, remains underrecognised in normotensive populations despite its strong link to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The burden and determinants of salt sensitivity amongst young Nigerians remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to identify demographic and behavioural risk factors associated with salt sensitivity, explore potential ethnic and sex-related differences and determine the independent predictors of salt-sensitive (SS) BP response amongst normotensive young adult Nigerians.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic and behavioural data. Participants underwent a 5-day salt-loading protocol. BP, serum and urinary electrolytes were assessed before and after salt-loading. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical tools and P values set at P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 24% were SS. The prevalence of salt sensitivity was higher in Igbos (47.8%) compared to Yorubas (20.5%). SS individuals had significantly lower baseline systolic, diastolic and MA P values and reduced urinary sodium concentrations pre-salt loading, particularly among females. There were no statistically significant associations between salt sensitivity and body mass index, sleep duration or residential location ( P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Salt sensitivity is common amongst normotensive young adult Nigerians, with clear ethnic and sex-related differences. The observed subclinical BP alterations and reduced sodium excretion suggest early renal or vascular dysregulation in SS individuals. These findings underscore the need for early identification and targeted prevention strategies to reduce future hypertension risk in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"33 3","pages":"358-369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relatedness of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis amongst Prison Inmates in South-South Nigeria.","authors":"Ikechukwu Agwu, Agantem Emmanuel Ekuma, Idakari Chinedu Nweke, Chinedum Amagwu, Ifeanyi Onwuezobe, Orikomaba Obunge","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_486_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_486_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries and a significant public health problem worldwide. Prison systems worldwide are known to be focal points for the concentration and dissemination of TB amongst inmates and prison staff.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the present study was to determine the drug resistance and relatedness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates obtained from prison inmates in Akwa Ibom State.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>All inmates in the four federal prisons in Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria, who had a cough for 2 or more weeks were included in the study. All the participants were interviewed and requested to provide a sputum sample, which was analysed for MTB by molecular techniques after obtaining consent. 16s rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight isolates were resistant to rifampicin (RIF), nine to isoniazid (INH), four to fluoroquinolones and two to aminoglycosides. Seven isolates were resistant to both RIF and INH and two to RIF, INH and fluoroquinolone each. The eight MDR-TB isolates were divided into four lineages, with Lineage 1 and 2 having one isolate each, Lineage 2 with three isolates and Lineage 4 with five isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant transmission of MDR-TB strains amongst inmates in Uyo prison.</p>","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"33 3","pages":"370-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}