Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Hepatitis B and C seroprevalence among residents in Lagos State, Nigeria: A population-based survey","authors":"O. Odukoya, K. Odeyemi, O. Odubanjo, Brenda C Isikekpei, U. Igwilo, Yahaya Disu, A. Roberts, T. Olufunlayo, Y. Kuyinu, N. Ariyibi, U. Eze, T. Awoyale, Olanrewaju Ikpeekha, O. Odusanya, A. Onajole","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_776_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_776_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. It is often caused by hepatitis B and C, which are both preventable and treatable. Available information on Hepatitis B and C in Nigeria is based primarily on estimates obtained from specific population sub-groups or hospital-based surveys leaving gaps in population-level knowledge, attitudes, and prevalence. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and associated factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections amongst residents of Lagos State. Methodology: This was a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in all the 20 local government areas of Lagos state using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires. Blood samples were taken (pinprick) from respondents (n = 4862) and tested using hepatitis B and C surface antigen tests after obtaining informed consent. Results: The overall prevalence of HBV infection in Lagos State was 2.1% while the prevalence of HCV infection was 0.1%. Only about half of all the respondents (50.9%) had heard about hepatitis B before the survey. Knowledge of the specific symptoms of HBV was also very low. For instance, only 28.1% of the respondents knew that yellowness of the eyes is associated with hepatitis while < 1% (0.1%) knew that HBV infection is associated with the passage of yellow urine. The most common source of information about hepatitis was the radio (13.0%). Only 36.2% of the respondents knew that HBV infection could be prevented. Overall, 28.8% of the respondents were aware of the hepatitis B vaccine. Less than half (40.9%) felt it was necessary to get vaccinated against HBV, however, a similar proportion (41.9%) would want to be vaccinated against HBV. Only 2.5% of all the respondents had ever received HBV vaccines while 3.5% had ever been tested for hepatitis B before this survey. There was a statistically significant association between HBV infection and respondents' use of shared clippers and work exposure involving contact with body parts and body fluids (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge, awareness and risk perception of HBV infection were low, however, almost half of the residents were willing to receive hepatitis B vaccinations if offered. It is recommended that the population-based prevention programmes and regular community-based surveillance be conducted by the public health department of Lagos State Ministry of Health. In addition, the strengthening of routine immunisation and vaccination of high-risk groups should be prioritised.","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"75 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48931816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psoriasis in Kaduna, North-West Nigeria: A twenty-year experience","authors":"H. Yahya","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_15_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_15_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which may be associated with joint, cardiovascular, metabolic or psychiatric disease. Countries in North America, Northern Europe and Australia have the highest burden of disease while those in Asia, South America and Africa, the lowest. We report our experience of psoriasis in Kaduna, Nigeria, over 20 years and compare this with previous reports in the same area and in other parts of Nigeria and Africa. Objective: To report the relative incidence, clinical presentation, severity and associations of psoriasis seen over 20 years. Methods: A retrospective review of records of patients with psoriasis seen at two outpatient dermatology clinics in Kaduna, North-West Nigeria, over 20 years. Results: Diagnosis of psoriasis was made in 218 of 39,037 (0.6%) patients with new skin disease: Mean age 35.2 years, range (6 months to 80 years), 60% <40 years, males constituted 64.2%. Mean age of onset was 30.5 years with a quarter developing psoriasis before age 20 and 71.4% before 40 years. Psoriasis presented earlier in females than males (mean age of onset 27.6 vs. 32.2 years, P= 0.052) but was less severe. Psoriasis types were: Plaque 88.1%, guttate 6%, erythrodermic 4.6% and sebopsoriasis 0.9%. Only four patients had joint disease and other associations were infrequent. Overall, 80.3% had mild psoriasis and 13.2% had a family history. Conclusion: Psoriasis remains a rare and mild disease in Kaduna and is infrequently associated with joint and other systemic disease but similar in other respects to the condition elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"155 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46010920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of palpation anterior fontanometry and cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure in early childhood hydrocephalus","authors":"Mesi Mathew, A. Jimoh, W. Mezue, E. Uche, M. Chikani","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_757_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_757_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The anterior fontanelle (AF) tension has been a traditional clinical method of indirect assessment of intracranial pressure (ICP). How does this time-tested bedside assessment technique compare with an objective ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure? Objective: To determine the correlation of palpation anterior fontanometry and CSF opening pressure in early childhood hydrocephalus. Materials and Methods: Children diagnosed with hydrocephalus who were planned for CSF diversion using ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunt were prospectively studied over 18 months. The AF tension was assessed by palpation preoperatively and graded. The CSF opening pressure was measured using sterile disposable plastic manometers after ventricular cannulation intraoperatively. Statistical Analysis: Data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 21. Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U test and ANOVA were used to determine associations based on normality tests. A P < 0.05 was considered significant for associations. Results: Fifty-two children were operated on with AF patency rate of 88.5%. Their age ranged between 2 weeks and 18 months with a mean age of 7.1 ± 5.1 months. The fontanelle tension was tense, full and normal in 63.0%, 26.1% and 10.9% of patients, respectively. The mean CSF opening pressure of 20.5 ± 8.5 cm of H2O was higher than the expected ICP for the age group (t-test 4.754, P = 0.000). All 28 patients with CSF opening pressure >15 cm of H2O had a tense fontanelle, but 10.9% of children with raised ICP have normal AF tension. Conclusion: The mean ICP increases as palpation AF tension increases, but a normal AF tension does not rule out raised ICP.","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"94 2","pages":"151 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41331038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence, spectrum and outcome of congenital anomalies seen in a neonatal intensive care unit in Southern Nigeria","authors":"R. Oluwafemi, M. Abiodun","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_77_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_77_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Congenital anomalies (CAs) refer to defects that are present in a newborn but occurred during intrauterine life. They can be due to genetic, modifiable environmental or multifactorial causes. There was no prior report of their burden in our state. Aims: This study aims to describe the incidence, spectrum, predisposing factors and outcome of CAs in our setting. Methods: It was a total population study of all neonates with major birth defects admitted into the unit during the study period. Their clinical–demographic features, diagnoses and outcome were entered into an excel sheet. Clinical detection of birth defects was based on standard diagnostic criteria. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Patterns and outcome of birth defects were presented as proportions. Selected characteristics were tested for possible association with birth defect using Fisher's exact test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The incidence of major CAs was 4.3/1000 live births. Female neonates were more affected (59.0%). Participants' mean gestational age was 37.7 ± 3.3 weeks. Central nervous system anomalies were the most common (38.5%) birth defects. These were followed by musculoskeletal, body wall and digestive system anomalies: 28.2%, 23.1% and 10.3%, respectively. One-third (33.3%) of the infants had multiple anomalies. Nearly three quarters of them (74.0%) were referred, 18.0% died while 5.0% were discharged alive. Conclusion: A wide range of CAs occur in our setting with dire consequences. Provision of relevant specialised multidisciplinary care is desirable. Furthermore, pubic enlightenment on its modifiable possible causes can reduce the burden.","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"239 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43730844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectopic pregnancy in Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia Nigeria – A 5-year review","authors":"C. Ononuju, A. Ogbe, Lucky Changkat, B. Okwaraoha, Uzoma Chinaka","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_105_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_105_19","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Ectopic pregnancy is a common life-threatening emergency and a notable cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Aims: This study aims to determine the prevalence of ectopic gestation, the associated risk factors, the pattern of presentation and management of ectopic pregnancy in Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital (DASH) Lafia. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all cases of ectopic pregnancy managed at the gynaecological unit of the DASH Lafia, North-central Nigeria from 1st January, 2013 to 31st December, 2017. The data were analysed with simple descriptive statistics and were reported as frequencies and percentages. Results: During the 5-year period, there were a total of 93 ectopic pregnancies, 10,401 deliveries and 3399 gynaecological admissions in the hospital. The prevalence of ectopic pregnancy was 0.89% of all deliveries and 2.74% of all the gynaecological admissions. The majority of the patients were in the age group of 26–30 years, and significant number of the affected them were nulliparous, 30 (32.3%). Furthermore, majority of the patients had past history of sexually transmitted diseases 48 (51.6%), multiple sexual partners 40 (43.0%) and induced abortions. Abdominal pains, amenorrhoea and vaginal bleeding were the most common presenting complaints. Unilateral salpingectomy was done for majority of the patients. Conclusions: Ectopic pregnancy is an important gynaecological challenge associated with notable morbidity. Past history of sexually transmitted diseases, multiple sexual partners and induced abortions were the associated risk factors identified, and nulliparous women were mostly affected. This can limit their future reproductive accomplishments. Targeted health education campaigns should be embarked on to enlighten this group of women and the public at large.","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"235 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45135518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular manifestations of leukaemia: A teaching hospital experience","authors":"O. Ilo, Adetunji Adenekan, A. Alabi, A. Onakoya, O. Aribaba, M. Kehinde, O. Salako","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_50_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_50_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knowledge of the ophthalmic manifestations of leukaemia is important not only because of the frequency with which changes are seen but because the eye often reflects the disease state of the illness, and once identified, prompt referral, early treatment can be instigated, blindness can be averted and a life may be saved. These manifestations are often overlooked because of the underestimation of the magnitude of the ocular sequelae which may be blinding. Aim: This study aims to describe the ophthalmic findings in adult leukaemic patients at two teaching hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. Patients and Methods: This was a clinic-based, comparison multicentre study conducted at Lagos University Teaching Hospital and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital over a 9-month period of May 2012–January 2013. The cases were newly diagnosed leukaemic patients (acute and chronic) from the haematology clinics. Controls were escorts of apparently normal patients. Detailed ocular examination was carried out after written informed consent was obtained. Analysis was done using SPSS 17. Results: A total of 160 eyes in 80 individuals examined comprised forty cases and forty controls. The results of the cases were compared with the age- and sex-matched controls. Leukaemic-related ophthalmic manifestations were present in 56 eyes (70.0%) of the cases studied. Findings in cases were periorbital oedema in 8 eyes (10%), subconjunctival haemorrhage in four eyes (5%), intraretinal haemorrhage as found in 25 eyes (31.3%), retinal venous tortuosity in 21 eyes (26.3%), Roth spots in 19 eyes (23.8%) and retinal infiltrates in 17 eyes (21.3%). Conclusion: Ophthalmic disorders occur in adult patients living with leukaemia. Prompt initial and periodic ophthalmic evaluation is recommended in all leukaemic patients.","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"205 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42023258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of mortality in outborns with neonatal sepsis: A prospective observational study","authors":"R. Meshram, Vishal S Gajimwar, S. Bhongade","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_91_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_91_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonatal sepsis-related mortalities are the outcome of a complex interaction of maternal–foetal colonisation, transplacental immunity and physical and cellular defence mechanisms of neonates. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of mortality in outborn neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: A 1-year prospective observational study was undertaken at a tertiary care centre. All referred neonates with maternal and neonatal risk factors of sepsis were enrolled. Blood culture, sepsis screen and other relevant investigations were performed. Results: The mortality rate of neonatal sepsis among outborns was 38.24%. The common presentations of these neonates were respiratory distress, lethargy and hypothermia. On univariate analysis, significant risk factors for mortality included male sex (P = 0.05), weight on admission <1500 g (P < 0.001), hypothermia (P = 0.003), respiratory distress (P = 0.04), cyanosis (P = 0.001), convulsions (P = 0.02), prolonged capillary refill time (P < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (P < 0.001), abnormal radiological finding (P = 0.01), cerebrospinal fluid cellularity (P = 0.002) and positive C-reactive protein (P < 0.001). Maternal factors such as hypertension in pregnancy (P = 0.001) and antepartum haemorrhage (P = 0.03) were associated with statistically significant mortality. Gestational age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–0.90, P = 0.02), weight on admission (OR: 1.57, CI: 1.08–2.27, P = 0.01), age at admission (OR: 0.89, CI: 0.78–0.99, P = 0.04), distance travelled with neonate (OR: 1.01, CI: 1.00–1.01, P = 0.003), duration of hospital stay (OR: 0.69, CI: 0.63–0.74, P < 0.001), hypothermia (OR: 1.87, CI: 1.01–3.42, P = 0.04), convulsion (OR: 2.88, CI: 1.33–6.20, P = 0.007), cyanosis (OR: 2.39, CI: 1.07–5.35, P = 0.03) and prolonged capillary refill time (OR: 3.34, CI: 1.78–6.24, P < 0.001) were the independent predictors of mortality in neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: Gestational age; birth weight; long distance travelled with neonate and presentation with hypothermia, cyanosis, convulsions and prolonged capillary refill time were the independent risk factors for mortality in neonatal sepsis among outborns.","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"216 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43988872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular morbidity and utilisation of protective eyewear among carpenters in Mushin local government, Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"O. Onyekwelu, O. Aribaba, K. Musa, Oluwatobi O. Idowu, M. Salami, Yvonne Odiaka","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_51_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_51_19","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Proper use of protective eyewear (PEW) is important in the prevention of occupational eye injury. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the ocular morbidity and utilisation of PEW among carpenters in Mushin Local Government, Lagos, with a view to promoting ocular health and safety in the workplace. Subject and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of one hundred and fourteen (114) carpenters that were enrolled into the study. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on socio-demographics, work-related ocular history, awareness and utilisation of, as well as barriers to utilisation of PEW. Ophthalmic examination was done. In-depth interviews were also carried out to probe the barriers to utilisation of PEW. Quantitative responses were analysed using the IBM SPSS software, and content data analysis was performed for qualitative responses. Results: The prevalence of reported work-related eye injury and complaints were 30.7% and 32.5%, respectively. The prevalence of ocular morbidity among the respondents was 74.6%. Seventy-seven respondents (67.5%) were aware of PEW; only 21.1% owned PEW, whereas the utilisation level was 26.3%. In-depth interviews revealed ignorance, forgetfulness, and unfamiliarity as the key barriers to PEW use. The odds of using PEW were about three-fold with previous eye injury at work and history of eye complaint. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a significant prevalence of ocular morbidity and poor utilisation of PEW among carpenters in Mushin, Lagos. There was a significant relationship between previous eye injury or complaint and PEW use. Thus, there is a need to create awareness among carpenters and develop occupational safety policies to improve the use of PEW.","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"199 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46000339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of uterine artery doppler indices for prediction of pre-eclampsia in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"E. Okwudire, O. Atalabi, U. Ezenwugo","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_54_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_54_19","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Pre-eclampsia (PrE), a clinical syndrome characterised by elevated blood pressure arising after 20 weeks of gestation, is a leading cause of maternal death worldwide. We evaluated the role of uterine artery Doppler (UtAD) in screening for PrE among unselected, pregnant women. Methodology: This was a prospective cohort study of 170 healthy gravid women between 18 and 26 weeks of gestation recruited consecutively from the Antenatal Clinic of Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria, between July 2016 and June 2017. All had UtAD scans with an abnormal result defined as pulsatility index (PI), resistance index or systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio >95th centile for gestational age or proto-diastolic notching. Outcome was obtained from antenatal records. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20 at statistical significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of PrE was 7.6%. There was significant association between an abnormal PI (χ2 = 16.29, P = 0.00), S/D ratio (χ2 = 8.55, P = 0.00) and the combined result (χ2 = 11.5, P = 0.007) with subsequent PrE. The highest sensitivity (53.8%) was obtained for the combined result with specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value of 86.6%, 95.8% and 25%, respectively, area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.534–0.871). A normal result had a very high NPV for all indices. The accuracy for the prediction of severe PrE was greater for all indices being highest for the combined result AUC of 0.830 (95% CI: 0.624–1.000; P = 0.01). Conclusion: Abnormal UtAD indices were associated with PrE and may be used in PrE screening.","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"223 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49530548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug treatment presentations at a treatment centre in southern Nigeria (2015–2018): Findings and implications for policy and practice","authors":"B. James, S. Olotu, O. Ayilara, Olubukola O. Arigbede, Goodnews Anozie, Hope Ogiku, J. Ariyo, Veronica Efiong, A. Adeyelu, Majesty Oni, Dora Odu","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_36_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_36_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recent evidence suggests that rates of drug use and abuse in Nigeria exceed the global average. There is a strong treatment demand for psychoactive drug use disorders in Nigeria; however, it is not known whether available treatment facilities are attending to the array of treatment needs. This audit compares the pattern of presentations at a tertiary facility with a community-based survey. Methods: A review of cases (n = 212) seen at a regional drug treatment facility over a 4-year period, using local data retrieved from the Nigerian Epidemiological Network of Drug Use (NENDU) and comparison with data from the recently published national drug use survey. Results: Nine out of ten clients seen were male (93.4%). About half (49.5%) of the clients used psychoactive substances for the first time between ages 10 and 19 years. Cannabis was the primary drug of use overall and also among males, while females were more likely to present with opiate abuse. Over half had a co-occurring physical or mental disorder, and a minority had received testing for hepatitis C in the past 12 months. Conclusion: Although patterns of drug abuse presentations were consistent with findings from a national community-based survey, there was an under-representation of females in treatment. Implications for policy development and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"211 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47264839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}