NeuroRehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Uncertainty in Illness and Posttraumatic Growth among Young and Middle-Aged Stroke Patients: A Mediation Model of Coping Styles and Rumination.","authors":"Xinyi Chen, Jiao Yang, Xin Zhou, Xi Cao","doi":"10.1177/10538135261445651","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10538135261445651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundStroke keeps on the rise in young and middle-aged individuals. This group may experience positive psychological changes, such as posttraumatic growth (PTG), which facilitates recovery. However, PTG in young and middle-aged stroke patients is not yet fully understood in China. This study aims to examine the associations between uncertainty in illness and PTG among young and middle-aged patients with stroke, and to explore whether coping styles and rumination are associated with this relationship.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to February 2023 in a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China, enrolling 204 stroke patients aged 18 to 59 years. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained via interviews and medical records. Data on PTG, uncertainty in illness, coping styles, and rumination were collected via the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale for Adults (MUIS-A), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and Event-Related Rumination Inventory (ERRI). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis in SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3.ResultsTotally 204 participants were included. The mean score for PTG was $52.27 ± 12.06. Uncertainty in illness was negatively correlated with PTG (<i>β</i>= -0.61, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Path analysis revealed that positive coping styles (<i>β</i>= -0.21, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and deliberate rumination (<i>p</i> = -0.12, <i>p</i> = 0.002) were significantly associated with the relationship between uncertainty in illness and PTG. These variables accounted for 44.7% and 25.9% of the total effect, respectively.ConclusionUncertainty in illness is significantly associated with PTG among young and middle-aged stroke patients, such association was mediated by positive coping styles and deliberate rumination.</p>","PeriodicalId":19717,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Technology-Based Perturbation Training During Walking on Physical Function in Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis, and Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Heli Lahtio, Raija Kulmala, Lari Saastamoinen, Sara Suikkanen, Aki Rintala","doi":"10.1177/10538135261462948","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10538135261462948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundStroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Parkinson's disease (PD) cause balance and walking impairments, which increase the risk of falls and reduce quality of life. Technological advances have enabled novel reactive balance approaches.ObjectiveTo synthesize the current approaches of technology-based perturbation interventions during walking and their effects on physical function in stroke, MS, and PD.MethodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed, PEDro, and ScienceDirect for studies published from January 2014 to December 2025, supplemented by citation tracking and grey literature. Eligible studies included interventional studies utilizing technology-based perturbation during walking in stroke, MS, or PD.ResultsTen studies were included. Participants were diagnosed with stroke (n = 83, 42%), MS (n = 77, 39%), or PD (n = 38, 19%). Most interventions used treadmill-based perturbations to induce slips, trips, or lateral balance instability. Interventions comprised a median of nine sessions over three weeks (25 min per session). Outcomes were grouped into four categories: clinical assessments, patient-reported outcomes, technology-based assessments, and assessments during walking training. Between-group differences compared to similar treatments without perturbation were inconsistent, but within-group improvements in walking speed, balance, and functional mobility were commonly reported. Adverse events were rare, and safety protocols were followed. Considerable heterogeneity in intervention protocols and outcome measures limited synthesis.ConclusionTechnology-based perturbation training during walking may offer an alternative for improving physical function in stroke, MS, and PD. Evidence of superiority over non-perturbation interventions remains inconclusive due to heterogeneity and small samples. Within-group improvements suggest benefits, warranting standardized protocols and larger high-quality trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19717,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"126-148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148369446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Manual Massage Therapy on Spasticity in Patients with Stroke and Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hankyu Park, Byoungha Hwang, Minbong Kang","doi":"10.1177/10538135261447895","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10538135261447895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundSpasticity commonly complicates upper motor neuron syndromes, reducing quality of life. While manual massage is widely used to manage muscle tone, its overall efficacy remains unquantified.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of pure manual massage interventions (without instruments) for reducing spasticity in patients with stroke and cerebral palsy and clarify its clinical neurorehabilitation role.MethodsA systematic search of multiple databases identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating manual massage for spasticity in patients with stroke or cerebral palsy. The primary outcome was spasticity measured by the Modified Ashworth Scale. Bias was assessed using RoB 2.0. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis calculating pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs).ResultsFour RCTs (n = 253) were included. Manual massage was associated with reduced spasticity compared with controls (SMD=0.59, 95% CI 0.31-0.87), with low-to-moderate heterogeneity (I²=35.7%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated consistent, significant improvements in children with cerebral palsy (SMD=0.56, I²=0%). Conversely, results in adult stroke populations were non-significant with substantial heterogeneity (SMD=0.78, I²=73%). Despite spasticity reductions, downstream functional outcomes were not consistently improved.ConclusionsManual massage may be considered as a preparatory adjunct for reducing spasticity, particularly in children with cerebral palsy. However, the evidence base remains limited, most included interventions were delivered alongside conventional rehabilitation, and functional benefits were not consistently demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":19717,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"3-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Augmented Reality Dual-Task Training with ChatGPT-Assisted Development on Strength, Balance, Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters, and Fall-Related Self-Efficacy in Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Sangyong Han, Jeongeun Yoon, Donghwan Park","doi":"10.1177/10538135261449483","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10538135261449483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDual-task and augmented reality (AR)-based interventions have been used to improve balance and gait in patients with stroke; however, evidence for AR programs developed using accessible approaches such as ChatGPT-assisted programming remains limited.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of ChatGPT-assisted AR dual-task training on muscle strength, balance, gait parameters, and fall-related self-efficacy in patients with chronic stroke.MethodsTwenty-eight patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to an experimental group receiving ChatGPT-assisted AR dual-task training or a control group receiving lunge training combined with a throwing task. Both groups trained for 10 min per session, five times per week for four weeks. Primary outcomes were lower-limb strength and balance (static and dynamic). Secondary outcomes included gait parameters and fall-related self-efficacy. Gait speed and step length were measured using the GAITRite system, and step-length symmetry was calculated using a symmetry index derived from paretic and nonparetic step lengths. Group × time interactions were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA.ResultsSignificant group × time interactions were observed for most primary and secondary outcomes (p < 0.05), in favor of the experimental group; however, the interaction for paretic step length was not statistically significant. Notably, improvement in dynamic balance, as assessed by the timed up and go test, exceeded the minimal clinically important difference in the experimental group.ConclusionsChatGPT-assisted AR dual-task training improved muscle strength, balance, gait performance, and fall-related self-efficacy more than conventional dual-task training, providing preliminary evidence of short-term benefits for ambulatory patients with chronic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19717,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"85-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147960199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Functional Improvement in Patients with Chronic Stroke Participating in Group-Based Telerehabilitation: A Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Hyo-Lyun Ro, HyoSun Lee, Kyeongbong Lee","doi":"10.1177/10538135261455053","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10538135261455053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveEvidence for structured group telerehabilitation in stroke is limited. We evaluated therapist-led group telerehabilitation effects on physical function, psychological well-being, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic stroke, and identified functional predictors of improvement.MethodsThirty-five patients with chronic stroke were randomized into the telerehabilitation exercise group, referred to as TEG, with eighteen participants, or the self-exercise rehabilitation group, referred to as SRG, with seventeen participants. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Interaction effects between group and time were evaluated. Significance was set at p < .025 for primary outcomes, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Functional predictors were examined via baseline-adjusted regression.ResultsBoth groups showed significant within-group improvements (p < .001). Interaction effects revealed statistically significant, though modest, gains in BBS and TUG in the TEG versus SRG. Lower-limb strength, fall efficacy, and depressive symptoms improved over time without significant between-group differences. HRQoL gains were meaningful, especially in the TEG. Regression confirmed group allocation independently predicted balance and mobility improvements (R² = 0.152 and 0.153), with no group effects for other measures.ConclusionReal-time, group-based telerehabilitation led by physical therapists serves as a clinically viable alternative that supports functional balance, mobility, and HRQoL in patients with chronic stroke. These findings demonstrate statistically significant improvements in functional outcomes compared with unsupervised exercise, suggesting that this structured remote approach, by providing superior functional benefits over unsupervised exercise, serves as a practical and accessible alternative to traditional facility-based rehabilitation is unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":19717,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"149-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148144252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation in Rehabilitation and Activities of Daily Living at Hospital Admission as Predictors of Post-Stroke Improvement in ADL: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Kenji Kawakami, Shigeo Tanabe, Sayaka Omatsu, Daiki Kinoshita, Ryo Kitabatake, Hiroo Koshisaki, Kenta Fujimura, Yoshikiyo Kanada, Hiroaki Sakurai","doi":"10.1177/10538135261453491","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10538135261453491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundMost measures of rehabilitation participation rely on self-report, excluding patients with cognitive impairment or aphasia. The observational Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale (PRPS) allows their inclusion; however, whether rehabilitation participation assessed using the PRPS modifies improvement in activities of daily living (ADL) remains unclear.ObjectiveTo determine whether rehabilitation participation assessed using the PRPS modifies the association between baseline ADL and subsequent improvement after stroke.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 137 stroke survivors in a subacute rehabilitation ward. Admission rehabilitation participation was assessed by the PRPS. ADL improvement was evaluated using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor effectiveness score. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis included age, days from onset to hospital admission, admission FIM motor and cognitive scores, and admission PRPS score in Step 1, followed by the PRPS × admission FIM motor interaction term in Step 2. Prediction plots were generated for each PRPS score.ResultsThe median admission PRPS and FIM motor effectiveness scores were 5 (interquartile range [IQR], 4-6) and 0.70 (IQR, 0.33-0.88), respectively. Adding the PRPS × FIM motor interaction term in Step 2 significantly improved the model fit (ΔR² = 0.057, ΔF(1,130) = 16.28, <i>p</i> < .001), resulting in a final model (R² = 0.545, <i>p</i> < .001). Prediction plots showed steeper slopes with higher PRPS scores.ConclusionsAdmission rehabilitation participation assessed by the PRPS modified the association between baseline ADL and ADL improvement. Observable participation should be interpreted in relation to baseline motor ADL rather than in isolation. Lower participation may indicate a need for additional clinical support.</p>","PeriodicalId":19717,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"108-118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147988583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Gait Kinematics with Continuous Intrathecal Baclofen Infusion for Spasticity After Acquired Brain Injury: A Comparison of Implanted and Non-Implanted Cohorts.","authors":"John W Chow, Stuart A Yablon, Dobrivoje S Stokic","doi":"10.1177/10538135261459634","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10538135261459634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAlthough several studies have examined gait changes associated with continuous intrathecal baclofen (CITB) infusion for spasticity in ambulatory patients with acquired brain injury (ABI), none has included a control group.ObjectiveTo assess long-term changes in gait kinematics associated with CITB infusion for post-ABI spasticity.MethodsForty-three consecutive ABI patients underwent gait evaluations during an ITB bolus trial, with follow-up gait data available in 17 pump recipients (re-evaluated 24 ± 17 months after implantation, dose range 95-590 µg/day) and 8 non-recipients (re-evaluated 30 ± 19 months after screening). Temporospatial gait parameters and lower extremity joint range of motion (ROM) were analyzed.ResultsChanges in temporospatial gait parameters from baseline to follow-up did not differ significantly between pump recipients and non-recipients. Likewise, there were no significant between-group differences in changes in ROM over time except for a 7.5° increase in more-affected (MA) knee ROM during swing in pump recipients, compared with a 2.4° decrease in non-recipients (ANOVA group×time interaction, <i>P</i> = 0.027). Secondary analyses showed that baseline average Ashworth score in the MA leg correlated significantly with changes in MA stance time and less-affected initial double support time (r ≥ |0.56|, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.029) in pump recipients only.ConclusionsThe modest improvements in gait kinematics in pump recipients appeared to have limited clinical significance, considering no concurrent improvements in average gait speed and the study limitations. The overall results suggest that gait speed may be useful for goal setting, but it should not be considered the sole measure of CITB efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19717,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"170-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Stroke Depression and its Impact on Mortality and Functional Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Lirong Liu, Guoshuang Zhang, Yuxiang He, Haiwei Zhang","doi":"10.1177/10538135261462562","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10538135261462562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundPost-stroke depression (PSD) affects 25-50% of stroke survivors, yet its prognostic impact on mortality, functional disability, cognition, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains incompletely characterised.ObjectivesTo review evidence published from 2016 to 2026 on PSD and clinical outcomes in stroke survivors and to perform meta-analysis where compatible data existed.MethodsPubMed was searched from January 2016 to April 2026. Cohort studies enrolling adult stroke survivors with validated PSD assessments were eligible. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects meta-analysis (DerSimonian-Laird) was performed where compatible; otherwise SWiM narrative synthesis was applied.ResultsSeven cohort studies (N = 10,643), all published between 2016 and 2019, were included; six (86%) were high quality. Meta-analysis of functional disability (k = 2, n = 836) yielded pooled OR = 3.46 (95% CI 2.04-5.87; I² = 0.0%), and an exploratory meta-analysis of continuous functional outcomes (k = 2, n = 294) yielded pooled SMD = 0.338 (95% CI 0.127-0.548), providing directional support for a small-to-moderate effect. PSD was independently associated with cognitive impairment (HR 3.68; 95% CI 1.03-13.21) and reduced HRQoL. Mortality findings were divergent and could not be pooled.ConclusionsPSD is a consistent prognostic marker for worse functional outcomes, cognitive impairment, and reduced HRQoL, with pooled analyses supporting a 3.5-fold increase in disability odds independent of stroke severity. Validated PSD screening should be embedded into post-stroke neurorehabilitation pathways. As all included studies were published between 2016 and 2019, findings should be confirmed in a future multi-database review capturing more recent evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19717,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"48-62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Validity of a Wireless Lighting System (WLS) for Cognitive-Motor Response Assessment, and Its Relationship with Motor Function and Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Stroke.","authors":"Yun-Ho Kim, Nam-Gi Lee, Seul-Gi Seo","doi":"10.1177/10538135261452243","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10538135261452243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAs interest in dual-task rehabilitation for stroke patients, which integrates cognitive and motor functions, continues to grow, there is increasing recognition of the need to expand cognitive assessments to include motor components.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the preliminary evidence for the validity of the Wireless Lighting System (WLS) as a sensor-based cognitive-motor response assessment tool in stroke patients and to investigate its relationship with motor function and activities of daily living (ADL).MethodsSixty-four patients with stroke were recruited from 'G' rehabilitation hospital. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K). Motor function and ADL were assessed using a digital handheld dynamometer, the Berg balance scale, the 10-meter walk test, and the Korean version of the modified Barthel Index, respectively. Cognitive-motor response times were measured using a WLS (Witty SEM).ResultsAll WLS cognitive-motor response times were moderately negatively correlated with the MMSE-K total score (<i>r</i> = -0.431 to -0.469). Grip strength was only negatively related to the reaction time task (<i>r</i> = -0.363). However, moderate correlations with all WLS tasks were observed for balance (<i>r</i> = -0.512 to -0.602), gait (<i>r</i> = 0.399 to 0.513), and ADL (<i>r</i> = -0.563 to -0.650).ConclusionThese findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the potential utility of the WLS as a sensor-based cognitive-motor response assessment tool in identifying combined cognitive and motor impairments. However, given this study's cross-sectional design and single-center setting, further longitudinal and validation studies are required to establish clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19717,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148016734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Gaps in Rehabilitation Strategies for Chronic Stroke: A Systematic Review of Evidence in Patients With and Without Nerve Transfer.","authors":"Haoting Shi, Chao Ren, Siti Ruzita Mahmod","doi":"10.1177/10538135261454931","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10538135261454931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundChronic stroke survivors often have persistent upper limb impairment. Two distinct therapeutic pathways have emerged: contralateral C7 (CC7) nerve transfer and technology-assisted/high-dose rehabilitation. Direct comparisons and detailed descriptions of rehabilitation protocols between these approaches are lacking.ObjectiveTo systematically compare upper limb rehabilitation strategies and outcomes in chronic stroke patients with versus without CC7 nerve transfer, and to identify key evidence gaps regarding rehabilitation dose, content, and delivery models.MethodsA systematic search of multiple databases and trial registries was conducted. Studies on technology-assisted rehabilitation (2016-2025) and CC7 studies (no date restriction) were included. Eligible studies involved adults with stroke and reported upper-limb rehabilitation strategies/outcomes. Evidence was grouped into: (1) CC7 studies, (2) RCTs of technology-assisted rehabilitation, and (3) systematic reviews/meta-analyses.Results48 studies were included. Non-surgical interventions (e.g., high-dose training, virtual reality, robotics) yielded small-moderate improvements, especially with high intensity/adherence. CC7 studies reported greater motor function gains and spasticity reduction, but postoperative rehabilitation protocols were poorly described, heterogeneous, and rarely quantified. No trial directly compared CC7 plus structured rehabilitation with optimized non-surgical programs. Most reviews were low quality, and RCTs had short follow-up.ConclusionsCC7 transfer should be framed as an adjunct to, not a substitute for, high-intensity rehabilitation. Future studies should validate integrated pathways pairing surgery with technology-assisted training, supported by standardized reporting of rehabilitation dose and durable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19717,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"14-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}