Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Residential Exposure to PM_2.5 Constituents and Fecundability in a Danish Preconception Cohort.","authors":"Amelia K Wesselink, Benjamin R Johannesen, Tanran R Wang, Matthias Ketzel, Ellen M Mikkelsen, Jørgen Brandt, Jibran Khan, Ole Hertel, Anne Sofie Dam Laursen, Mary D Willis, Jonathan I Levy, Kenneth J Rothman, Henrik T Sørensen, Lauren A Wise, Elizabeth E Hatch","doi":"10.1111/ppe.13174","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.13174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that ambient concentrations of particulate matter < 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) are associated with reduced fecundability, the per cycle probability of conception. The specific constituents driving this association are unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined the association between ambient concentrations of PM_2.5 constituents and fecundability in a Danish preconception cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During 2007-2018, we enrolled female pregnancy planners in an Internet-based preconception cohort study. We included the 5905 participants who had been trying to conceive for < 3 cycles at study enrollment. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire and follow-up questionnaires every 8 weeks to update pregnancy status. We geocoded time-varying residential addresses to estimate ambient concentrations of total PM_2.5 and the following PM_2.5 constituents: elemental carbon (EC), primary organic aerosol (POA), secondary organic aerosols (SOA), sulfate (SO₄ ^2-), ammonium (NH₄ ⁺), nitrate (NO₃ ^-), and sea salt. We averaged concentrations of each pollutant across each menstrual cycle at risk. We fit proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for potential confounders and co-pollutants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total PM_2.5 concentrations were associated with reduced fecundability (the FR for an IQR increase, corresponding to 3.2 μg/m³, was 0.93 [95% CI 0.87, 0.99]). The association was strongest for POA: the FR for an IQR increase, corresponding to 1.3 μg/m³, was 0.92 (95% CI 0.84, 1.01). The corresponding FRs for the remaining PM_2.5 constituents were 0.96 (95% CI 0.87, 1.05) for EC (IQR = 0.5 μg/m³), 0.98 (95% CI 0.91, 1.06) for SOA (IQR = 0.5), 0.97 (95% CI 0.92, 1.02) for SO₂ ^4- (IQR = 0.4), 0.95 (95% CI 0.91, 1.01) for NH₄ ⁺ (IQR = 0.5), 0.97 (95% CI 0.93, 1.01) for NO₃ ^- (IQR = 1.0), and 1.00 (95% CI 0.95, 1.06) for sea salt (IQR = 0.4).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this Danish preconception cohort study, PM_2.5 constituents derived from biomass and transportation-related combustion may drive the association between PM_2.5 concentrations and fecundability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"256-261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11996601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women exposed to famine in early gestation have increased mortality up to age 76 years.","authors":"Aline Marileen Wiegersma, Tessa J Roseboom, Susanne R de Rooij","doi":"10.1111/ppe.13131","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.13131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We have previously shown that exposure to famine in early gestation was associated with poorer adult health and, in women, with reduced survival up to age 64.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Here, we explore the association between prenatal famine exposure and mortality up to age 76 for men and women separately.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied adult mortality (>18 years) in men (n = 989) and women (n = 1002) born as term singletons around the time of the 1944-1945 Dutch famine. We compared overall and cause-specific mortality among men and women exposed to famine in late, mid, or early gestation to that among unexposed persons (born before or conceived after the famine) using Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 500 persons (25.1%) had died after age 18. Women exposed to famine in early gestation had higher overall (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.00, 2.23), cancer (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.32,3.58) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.33, 95% CI 0.91, 5.95) compared to unexposed women. Mortality rates among men were not different between exposure groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that women, but not men, exposed to famine in early gestation had increased overall, cardiovascular and cancer mortality up to age 76. Although prenatal famine exposure affects adult health of both men and women, it seems to only lead to increased mortality among women.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"236-241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11997240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum Haemorrhage and Long-Term Mortality.","authors":"Holly Elser, Sunni L Mumford, Katherine L Grantz, Anna Z Pollack, Pauline Mendola, James L Mills, Edwina Yeung, Cuilin Zhang, Enrique F Schisterman, Stefanie N Hinkle","doi":"10.1111/ppe.13166","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.13166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is associated with significant short-term morbidity and mortality. Whether PPH confers long-term all-cause mortality risk is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the risk of long-term mortality associated with PPH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) Mortality Linkage Study is a prospective cohort study of pregnant persons (1959-1966) linked with vital status from the National Death Index and Social Security Death Master File for vital status through 2016. Postpartum haemorrhage was defined based on documentation of haemorrhage within or after 24 hours of delivery in obstetric records. We used Cox regression to examine associations of PPH with long-term all-cause mortality. All models adjusted for delivery characteristics, comorbid medical diagnoses, and sociodemographic characteristics. We further explored heterogeneity in all-cause mortality by sociodemographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 43,583 participants with a singleton pregnancy, 1532 (3.5%) experienced PPH, and 17,165 (39.4%) had died by 2016. The median follow-up time was 52 years (interquartile range 45-54). PPH was associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in unadjusted models (hazard ratio [HR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04, 1.21) but not in fully adjusted models (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.94, 1.11). While HRs varied across sociodemographic subgroups, results were imprecise. We found no evidence of increased cause-specific mortality risk associated with PPH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although PPH is associated with short-term morbidity and mortality, our results are generally reassuring against the increased risk of long-term mortality associated with PPH.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"244-253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11996604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to: Association Between Postterm Birth and Adverse Growth Outcomes in Children Aged 3-6 Years: A National Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Healthcare Needs of Children With Down Syndrome in the First Year of Life: An Analysis of the EUROlinkCAT Data Linkage Study.","authors":"Sarah E Seaton, Judith Rankin, Clara Cavero-Carbonell, Ester Garne, Mika Gissler, Maria Loane, Amanda J Neville, Michele Santoro, Joachim Tan, David Tucker, Joan K Morris","doi":"10.1111/ppe.13176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.13176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal anomaly, often co-occurring with cardiac or gastrointestinal anomalies. There is a lack of robust data on specific healthcare needs of children with Down syndrome compared to children with other major congenital anomalies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To quantify the healthcare needs of children with Down syndrome in the first year of life compared to children with major congenital anomalies in a large population-based cohort across Europe.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The EUROlinkCAT study was a multicentre data linkage study between congenital anomaly registries in Europe and hospital and mortality databases. Children born between 1st January 1997 and 31st December 2014 were included. Summary statistics were used to compare differences between children (those with Down syndrome compared to all major anomalies) and regions. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool results related to survival, need for intensive care and ventilation support.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3554 children were born with Down syndrome out of 89,081 children with major congenital anomalies. The pooled 1-year survival was 95.4%. In every region, > 80% of children with Down syndrome had a hospital admission excluding the birth admission. Hospital length of stay in the first year was higher for children with Down syndrome compared to those with all anomalies (median: 14 versus 7 days). Despite having similar need for ventilation support (9.7% vs. 8.4%), children with Down syndrome had higher rates of intensive care admission than all children with anomalies (24.8% vs. 13.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a high need for hospital care for children born with Down syndrome in the first year of life. Future work should continue to explore the long-term prognosis for children with Down syndrome to ensure their care needs are met.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who Is at Risk for Stillbirth? The Discussion Continues.","authors":"Robert W Platt","doi":"10.1111/ppe.13179","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.13179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"205-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational Age-Specific Stillbirth Rates: Are We Using the Right Denominator?","authors":"Jessica Sexton, Aleena M Wojcieszek, Georgina M Chambers, Michael Coory, Christine Andrews, Aya Al-Gharibeh, David Ellwood, Vicki Flenady","doi":"10.1111/ppe.13148","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.13148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, a stillbirth occurs every 17 seconds totalling almost 2 million every year. The global standard for reporting stillbirths is the stillbirth rate. While a critical and accessible summary statistic, it masks gestational age-specific trends.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to summarise and critique stillbirth trends and document gestational age-specific rates and risk calculations according to three published methodologies: gestational age-specific stillbirth rate (GS-SBR), foetus-at-risk (FAR) stillbirth rate, and continuity corrected foetus-at-risk (ccFAR) stillbirth rate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of all births from the National Perinatal Data Collection in Australia (1998-2018). Stillbirth was defined as the birth of a baby with no sign of life from 20 weeks of gestation or weighing 400 grams at birth. Three statistical measures were applied reflecting alternate denominators: the GS-SBR measure used the number of births in a given week, the FAR used the number of foetuses in utero at the start of a week, and the ccFAR used the number of foetuses at the midpoint of the week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Australia from 1998 to 2018, there were 39,576 stillbirths among 5.9 million births, an overall stillbirth rate of 6.7 per 1000 births. For each week of gestation (20-41+), the average GS-SBR varied from 1.0 to 790.0 stillbirths per 1000 births; FAR varied from 0.1 to 1.2 stillbirths per 1000 FAR; and ccFAR varied from 0.1 to 2.4 stillbirths per 1000 ongoing pregnancies. The three stillbirth rate calculations showed distinct trends during pregnancy, and only FAR and ccFAR reflected increased stillbirth risk as gestation advances.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When calculating gestational-age-specific stillbirth rates, the FAR or ccFAR approaches provide the most accurate representation of the probability of stillbirth throughout pregnancy and better enable clinicians to act on risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"198-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Survey of Neonates in Pomerania: Design, Recruitment and Follow-Up of the Second Cohort, 2013-2017.","authors":"Matthias Heckmann, Felicitas Bruer, Heike Allenberg, Wolfgang Göpel, Marek Zygmunt, Till Ittermann, Anja Lange","doi":"10.1111/ppe.13160","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.13160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Survey of Neonates in Pomerania (SNiP) is a birth cohort study conducted in Western Pomerania, Germany. SNiP-I recruited participants at birth between the years 2002 and 2008 (5801 inclusions). Since SNiP-I, population sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of early exposures, including overweight and gestational diabetes (GDM), have changed.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish a second birth cohort (SNiP-II) in the same study area as the first population sample (SNiP-I) a decade later to investigate changes to early life exposures.</p><p><strong>Population: </strong>Mothers with registered principal residence in the defined study area.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective, population-based, birth cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The baseline survey of SNiP-II was conducted at birth between 2013 and 2017. The SNiP-I data set, on medical, epidemiological and socioeconomic data, associated health risk factors and the living conditions of newborns and their parents, and collection and storage of biomaterials, was improved and supplemented with additional data, including fetal growth parameters, urine samples, and maternal DNA. A follow-up survey of SNiP-II of children and their parents was conducted using questionnaires at 5-6 years of age. In a subgroup, an additional 2-h follow-up with clinical testing was performed by the German Neonatal Network (GNN).</p><p><strong>Preliminary results: </strong>The baseline survey database includes 3502 mother-infant pairs, and 1194 (34%) participated in the SNiP-II follow-up study, with 401 in the clinical sub-study by GNN. Mothers in SNiP-II were older, more likely to have GDM and to be overweight, had better SES and smoked less during pregnancy than mothers in SNiP-I. Newborns in SNiP-II were less likely to be hospitalised than those in SNiP-I.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with SNiP-I, SNiP-II documents changes in the prevalence of early exposures during the prenatal and perinatal period. Using data from these prospective birth cohorts provides an opportunity to address research questions on how changes in exposures during pregnancy affect maternal and neonatal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"207-217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Composition in Adults Born at Very Low Birthweight-A Sibling Study.","authors":"Samuel Sandboge, Juho Kuula, Helena Hauta-Alus, Nina Kaseva, Laura Jussinniemi, Johan Björkqvist, Petteri Hovi, Johan G Eriksson, Outi Mäkitie, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Eero Kajantie","doi":"10.1111/ppe.13147","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.13147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals born preterm at very low birthweight (VLBW, < 1500 g) tend to attain a smaller adult body size compared with term-born peers but less is known regarding specific body composition characteristics.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to assess whether adults born at VLBW have less beneficial body composition characteristics, potentially mediating the association between VLBW birth and cardiometabolic disease. Sibling controls were used to account for the potential influence of shared genetic and/or lifestyle factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study featured 77 adults born at VLBW and 70 term-born siblings. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessment took place at a mean age of 29 years. Fat mass (FM) distribution was calculated by dividing appendicular by truncal FM. Appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) measurements were used to calculate two indices: Skeletal mass index (SMI, ASM divided by height squared) and ASM/BMI (ASM divided by body mass index). Data were analysed by linear mixed models. An exploratory analysis subdivided the VLBW group by size at gestational age [small or appropriate for gestational age (SGA, defined as a birthweight < 2 SD, or AGA)].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants born at VLBW were lighter (-4.7 kg, 95% CI -8.2, -1.2) and shorter (-4.3 cm, 95% CI -6.2, -2.4) than sibling peers. After controlling for sex, age, and maternal factors, they had lower limb/trunk fat ratios (-0.06, 95% CI -0.11, -0.003), LBM (-2.02 kg, 95% CI -3.92, -0.12), ASM (-1.22 kg, 95% CI -2.14, -0.30) and ASM/BMI (-0.05, 95% CI -0.10, -0.004). FM and SMI did not differ between groups. In the subgroup analysis, findings were limited to those born VLBW + SGA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals born at VLBW had, on average, lower limb/trunk fat ratios and lower relative ASM compared with term-born siblings. A more centralised fat distribution, as well as lower appendicular muscle mass, could potentially mediate the association between VLBW birth and cardiometabolic risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"177-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Birthweight, Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk: Nature Versus Nurture?","authors":"Jeanie L Y Cheong","doi":"10.1111/ppe.13171","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.13171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"184-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}