Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Estimating Pregnancy Loss Trends: Important Work With Imperfect Data.","authors":"Heini Väisänen, Hanna Remes","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"642-644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145392013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis Code to Function: Tailoring an Algorithm for Children With Neurodisability.","authors":"Katherine E Nelson","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70098","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"695-697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotyping Neurodisability in Hospital Records in England: A National Birth Cohort Using Linked Administrative Data.","authors":"Ania Zylbersztejn, Philippa Rees, Rashmi D'Souza, Stuart Logan, Ayana Cant, Laura Gimeno, Vincent Nguyen, Jugnoo Rahi, Ruth Gilbert, Katie Harron","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with neurodisability often have complex healthcare and educational needs. Evidence from linked administrative health and education data could improve joint working between services.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a diagnostic code list to identify neurodisability in hospital admission records; to assess the representativeness of this phenotype by characterising children with hospital-recorded neurodisability and their outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a national cohort of singletons born in England between 2003 and 2009, including a nested cohort of children enrolled in primary school, using linked health and education data from the Education and Child Health Insights from Linked Data (ECHILD) database. With expert clinicians, we developed an algorithm based on diagnostic information from hospital records to phenotype children with hospital-recorded neurodisability. We described rates of mortality, planned/unplanned admissions up to 11 years old, and school-recorded special educational needs (SEN) provision, as proxy measures of the complexity of a child's needs, overall and for over 40 neurodisability subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3,580,225 children in the birth cohort, 3.6% had hospital-recorded neurodisability by age 11. The most frequent subgroups included developmental disorders, autism, epilepsy, perinatal brain injury, and cerebral palsy. Children with hospital-recorded neurodisability had higher mortality and planned/unplanned admission rates compared with their peers, and they accounted for 26% of all planned and 14% of all unplanned hospital admissions before age 11. The nested primary school cohort included 2,956,299 pupils (82.6% of all births), 3.7% of whom had hospital-recorded neurodisability. 75% of children with hospital-recorded neurodisability had any school-recorded SEN provision, and 39% had a record of more intensive provision (compared to 30% and 2.4%, respectively, for their peers).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We derived a phenotype for hospital-recorded neurodisability, which affects 1 in 28 primary school children in England, with high rates of hospital admissions and SEN provision. This phenotype and its subgroups can be used by service providers and researchers to examine inequalities and inform resource and service provision.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"680-694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12658309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap: Advancing Equity in Improving Childhood Lower Respiratory Infections.","authors":"Bohee Lee, Evelyn Balsells, Ting Shi","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"657-659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145409716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Joint Effects of Extreme Heat and Wildfire Smoke on Paediatric Acute Care Utilisation.","authors":"Amal Syed, Chen Chen, Tarik Benmarhnia, Rupa Basu","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As climate change worsens, instances of combined extreme heat and wildfire smoke events are becoming more frequent. Despite their increased vulnerability, investigations on the joint effect of wildfire smoke and extreme heat on children's health are limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the joint effects of extreme heat and wildfire smoke on paediatric acute care utilisation (ACU) in California from 2006 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case-crossover analysis, we assembled a time-series dataset of warm seasons, (May-September) for 1772 ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTA) in California from 2006 to 2019 to evaluate daily ACUs in the paediatric population (0-19 years). For wildfire smoke, we identified ZCTA-days exposed using a previously developed time-series dataset. For extreme heat, we calculated the daily ZCTA-specific maximum heat index. There were four exposure types: exposed to extreme heat alone, exposed to wildfire smoke alone, exposed to both events simultaneously (compound event) and not exposed to either event. We quantified the synergistic effects by comparing a child's exposures on the day when an ACU occurred to the child's exposure during control days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 1100-105,788 ZCTA-days where exposure to both extreme heat and wildfire smoke events occurred across eight combinations of event definitions. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) ranged up to 0.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03, 0.19) with thresholds of the 95th percentile for extreme heat and 35 μg/m³ for wildfire PM_2.5, indicating a synergistic effect of extreme heat and wildfire smoke on paediatric ACUs. Positive RERIs were consistently observed for infectious enteritis, heat-related illness, asthma, endocrine nutritional and metabolic disease, and respiratory disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Investigating the synergistic effects of extreme heat and wildfire smoke events in paediatric populations is necessary to develop effective health protection strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periconceptional Hormonal Contraception Use and Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Study to Explore Early Development.","authors":"Michelle T Delahanty, Stephanie Engel, Dani Fallin, Tanya Garcia, Christine Ladd-Acosta, Anne Steiner, Mollie Wood, Julie L Daniels","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior studies report associations between periconceptional exposure to natural and synthetic oestrogen and progesterone and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Hormonal contraception contains synthetic forms of one or both hormones. Although hormonal contraception is highly effective when consistently used, unintended pregnancy can occur with irregular use. Given the popularity of hormonal contraception, foetal exposure in utero is possible, yet the potential consequences are unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the association between periconceptional hormonal contraception use and the development of ASD in offspring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed data from the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a population-based case-control study conducted in select US states, from 2007 to 2020. Children with and without ASD were identified from clinical/education sources and vital records, respectively, and enrolled at ages 2.5-5 years. We confirmed the ASD case status by in-person developmental assessment. We assessed hormonal contraception via a structured interview. We assessed the associations between ASD and hormonal contraception exposure separately for contraception discontinued in the 3 months prior to pregnancy and contraception continued during pregnancy using logistic models to estimate odds ratios (OR) adjusted for biological mother age, education, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and presence of gynaecologic conditions and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 5210 participants, 9.9% reported discontinuing hormonal contraception use before pregnancy and 2.3% reported continuing use during pregnancy. A suggestive association was found between ASD and hormonal contraception use during pregnancy (aOR 1.38,95% CI 0.93, 2.05). There was no association with use prior to pregnancy (aOR 1.02, 95% CI 0.84, 1.25).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Discontinuation of hormonal contraception prior to conception was not associated with ASD. The prevalence of hormonal contraception use during pregnancy was low. Results were imprecise and may be impacted by recall bias and unmeasured confounding by indication and health behaviours related to planning pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145125718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Acetaminophen Use and Offspring's Neurodevelopmental Outcome: A Nationwide Birth Cohort Study.","authors":"Yusuke Okubo, Itaru Hayakawa, Ryo Sugitate, Hiroki Nariai","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy is common globally. However, its potential risks for neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability (ID), remain uncertain in Asian populations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined the association between maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy and diagnoses of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide birth cohort study included 217,602 children contributing 966,546 person-years using a nationwide administrative database from 2005 to 2022. We investigated the association between maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy and offspring's neurodevelopmental outcomes using Cox proportional hazards models, with primary analyses based on 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching. The robustness of the primary findings was evaluated through alternative statistical approaches (adjusted model and inverse probability of treatment weighting [IPTW]), sibling comparison, probabilistic bias analyses for exposure misclassification, and negative exposure control methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 217,602 children, 85,853 (39.5%) were exposed to acetaminophen during pregnancy. PS-matched analyses (N = 42,123 children per comparator) yielded hazard ratios of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.16) for composite neurodevelopmental outcomes, 1.22 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.36) for ADHD, 1.06 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.15) for ASD, and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.19) for ID. Similar findings were observed in adjusted models and IPTW methods. Sibling comparisons (n = 23,593) showed point estimates in the opposite direction (e.g., HR of ADHD, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.52, 1.44). Probabilistic bias analysis for exposure misclassification suggested overestimation due to unrecorded over-the-counter acetaminophen use, with effect estimates shifting towards the null as misclassification increased. Negative exposure controls (e.g., NSAIDs and acetaminophen use after pregnancy) indicated potential positive bias in the observed associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although PS-matched analyses indicated small increases in risk, sensitivity analyses suggested that unmeasured confounding, misclassification and other biases may partially explain these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-Onset Neonatal Infection and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Nationwide Cohort Study.","authors":"Mads Andersen, Niels Bjerregård Matthiesen, May Murra, Stine Yde Nielsen, Tine Brink Henriksen","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early-onset neonatal infections are among the most common neonatal diseases. However, the long-term outcomes of the infections are not well understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the association between early-onset neonatal infection and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide register-based cohort study was conducted, including near-term and term children born between 1997 and 2013 with follow-up until 2021. An early-onset infection was defined as an invasive bacterial infection occurring within the first week of life, including both physician-assigned diagnoses and positive bacterial cultures. ADHD and ASD were defined by diagnoses or prescriptions of relevant medication. Associations between sepsis and the neurodevelopmental disorders were investigated using multivariable Cox regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR), whereas associations with meningitis were examined using person-time incidence rate ratios (IRR). Sibling-matched analyses were also conducted for associations with sepsis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 981,869 children were included, with 8154 defined as having sepsis and 152 defined as having meningitis. Among these, only 257 children had culture-positive sepsis, whereas 32 had culture-positive meningitis. The incidence rate of ADHD and ASD for children with sepsis was 4.5 per 1000 and 3.3 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Sepsis was associated with an increased adjusted likelihood of both ADHD (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17, 1.39) and ASD (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.30, 1.58). However, sibling-matched analyses especially attenuated the association with ADHD (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.93, 1.34). Point estimates suggested that children with meningitis also had an increased likelihood of both ADHD (IRR 1.77, 95% CI 0.88, 3.17) and ASD (IRR 2.05, 95% CI 0.89, 4.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early-onset sepsis was associated with an increased likelihood of ASD, whereas the majority of the association with ADHD could be explained by unmeasured shared familial confounding.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"588-597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12574489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism and ADHD: Could Infections Early in Life Be the Cause?","authors":"Jenny Bolk, Ida Lagerström","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"598-600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disadvantaged Environments, Vulnerable Bodies: Neighbourhood Influences on Child Growth.","authors":"Izzuddin M Aris","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70085","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"610-611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12570062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}