Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"RSV and Childhood Asthma: Cause, Consequence or a Question of Design?","authors":"Anthony J Gilding, Cristina Longo","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.70150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Visibility to Accountability: Ending Stagnation in Stillbirth Prevention.","authors":"J Frederik Frøen, Özge Tunçalp","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.70147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buffering the Block: Can Individual Interventions Offset Neighbourhood Harms to Pregnancy?","authors":"Teresa Janevic, Dana E Goin","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.70149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighbourhood Social Vulnerability and Preterm Birth Risk Among Infants With Trisomy 21: A Statewide Analysis.","authors":"Fatima R Sheriff, Renata H Benjamin, Qian Xiao, Jenil Patel, Charles Shumate, Alejandra Fernandez, A J Agopian","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Residing in socioeconomically vulnerable areas is known to be associated with increased preterm birth (PTB) risk in the general population. However, the relationship between social vulnerability and PTB remains unexplored among infants with trisomy 21, who experience more than twice the PTB rate of the general population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective was to examine the association between maternal socioeconomic vulnerability, as measured by the SVI, and PTB among infants with trisomy 21.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study among infants with trisomy 21 born in Texas (1999-2018). We examined the association between neighbourhood vulnerability, measured by Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) quartiles, and PTB utilising data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry. Using Poisson regression, we estimated crude and adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), accounting for maternal demographic characteristics and health factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 8823 eligible infants included in the analysis, 2269 (25.7%) were born preterm. Maternal residence in the highest vulnerability quartile was associated with an increased risk of PTB (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04, 1.32) and moderate to late PTB (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.05, 1.35), compared to the least vulnerable quartile. In secondary analyses stratified by race/ethnicity, the association with high vulnerability was particularly strong among non-Hispanic Black women (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.00, 2.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of neighbourhood social vulnerability in influencing perinatal health risks, particularly PTB among infants with trisomy 21.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Gastrointestinal Outcomes in Children Exposed in Utero to Maternal Chronic Hypertension.","authors":"Nir Roguin, Gil Gutvirtz, Gali Pariente, Tamar Wainstock, Eyal Sheiner","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal hypertension has been linked to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, but long-term effects on offspring, particularly gastrointestinal (GI) health, are less well studied. Chronic hypertension may impair uteroplacental perfusion and promote a pro-inflammatory intrauterine environment, potentially disrupting foetal gut development; however, its independent effect on offspring GI health has not been examined.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate whether in utero exposure to maternal chronic hypertension, independent of preeclampsia, is associated with long-term GI morbidity in offspring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based retrospective cohort study included all singleton deliveries at a tertiary medical centre over a 30-year period (1991-2021). Offspring were followed until age 18 for GI diagnoses based on ICD-9 codes from hospital and outpatient records. The primary exposure was maternal chronic hypertension, and the primary outcome was the incidence of GI morbidity in offspring. Piecewise Poisson log-linear models estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR), controlling for maternal age, parity, ethnic origin, smoking, obesity, and pre-gestational diabetes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 342,635 singleton deliveries, 3097 (0.9%) were to mothers with chronic hypertension. The median follow-up was 12.6 years (interquartile range 5.6, 18.0). GI incidence rates were 1903.0 and 1901.9 per 100,000 person-years among chronic hypertension and normotensive groups. Offspring of mothers with chronic hypertension showed lower GI risk in early childhood (adjusted IRR < 1 year: 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11, 1.05; 1-3 years: 0.46, 95% CI 0.29, 0.73), with estimates consistent with no difference in late adolescence (15-18 years: adjusted IRR 1.09, 95% CI 0.98, 1.21). All-cause mortality was low and similar between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The association between maternal chronic hypertension and offspring GI morbidity is time-varying and non-proportional, with lower risk in early childhood and no evidence of excess risk at later ages.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Missing Death Data on Identification of Congenital Malformations in Insurance Claims Data.","authors":"Katelin B Nickel, Sascha Dublin, Sharon Fuller, Sarah S Osmundson, Ryan Colvin, Dustin Stwalley, Elyse O Kharbanda, Catherine A Panozzo, Sara S Procknow, Anne M Butler","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate algorithms are needed to support real-world studies of medication safety in pregnancy. Kharbanda et al. developed and validated algorithms for congenital malformations that incorporate death data and diagnosis codes from the ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM coding eras.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To modify an EHR-based malformation algorithm for use with claims data and quantify the impact of missing death by calculating prevalence and sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the MarketScan Commercial Database (2007-2022), we established a linked cohort of birthing parents and their liveborn infants, and a claims subcohort restricted to years with inpatient death information. We established a cohort of liveborn infants in Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA) integrated EHR/claims data (2007-2022) that included comprehensive death information. We applied the validated algorithm to identify 22 malformations in MarketScan and 7 in KPWA (those with a prevalence ≥ 10 per 10,000 live births in MarketScan). In MarketScan, we calculated malformation prevalence with and without death information. We assessed the contribution of death on malformation identification by calculating sensitivity (with death as the gold standard).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2,203,328 infants in the MarketScan cohort, malformation prevalence was 201.3 per 10,000 live births. In the MarketScan subcohort (n = 1,287,384), prevalence was 198.2 and 199.1 per 10,000 live births without and with death information, respectively. Among the most prevalent malformations, estimated sensitivity ranged from 95.8% for severe cardiac defects to 100.0% for intestinal atresia or stenosis, pyloric stenosis and limb deficiency (claims/EHR cohort) and from 98.6% for severe cardiac defects to 100.0% for intestinal atresia or stenosis and pyloric stenosis (claims subcohort). Limitations include the use of an imperfect gold standard and a lack of chart review.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We adapted a validated malformation algorithm for use with claims data. Omitting death information did not meaningfully impact sensitivity, suggesting this algorithm can be applied to data sources lacking death information.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147639551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imputing Partial Birth Dates Using Day of the Week.","authors":"Candice Y Johnson","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In de-identified data, exact birth dates are suppressed to maintain the confidentiality of research participants. When the partial birth date includes only the month and year, researchers who need exact dates must impute a day of the month. In some deidentified datasets, the day of the week is also provided, but this variable is uncommonly incorporated into the imputation of partial dates.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the extent to which misclassification is reduced by incorporating the day of the week into partial birth date imputation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We simulated a population of 594,677 people using the distribution of birthdays in England and Wales in 2024. We imputed birth dates using four methods: (1) the first day of the month, (2) the 15th of the month, (3) randomly selecting a day of the month and (4) randomly selecting a day of the month conditional on the day of the week. We quantified misclassification as the median number of days between the imputed and true birth date and as the cumulative percentage of the population whose imputed birth date fell within a given number of weeks of their true birth date.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Incorporating the day of the week reduced misclassification, with a median of 7 days between the imputed and exact birth dates compared to 8-15 for the other methods. For nearly a quarter of the population, their imputed birth date was their true birth date, compared to 3% in other methods. However, using the 15th day of the month was the best method to ensure that no misclassification was greater than 3 weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating day of the week into random birth date selection reduced misclassification. This method is easily accomplished in standard statistical software.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147639523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal Depression, Maternal Engagement and Child Social-Emotional Development: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Anna Larsen, John Kinuthia, Felix Abuna, Julia C Dettinger, Lauren Gomez, Mary Marwa, Nancy Ngumbau, Ben Odhiambo, Salphine Watoyi, Joshua Stern, Barbra A Richardson, Grace John-Stewart, Jillian Pintye","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence gaps remain regarding the influence of perinatal depression on mother-child engagement and child social-emotional development.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We assessed relationships between perinatal depression, mother-child engagement and child social-emotional development among Kenyan mother-child pairs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mother-child pairs attending maternal-child health services in four sites in Western Kenya were followed from pregnancy through early childhood. Study nurses serially assessed perinatal depression (pregnancy, 6 weeks, and 9 months postpartum with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, CESD-10 scores ≥ 10), mother-child engagement activities (6-monthly, 24 to 60 months post-delivery with UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys) and child social-emotional delay (6-monthly, 30 to 60 months post-delivery with Ages and Stages Questionnaires). We estimated prevalence and correlates of low mother-child engagement and social-emotional delay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 884 mothers, the median age was 26 years (IQR 22.0, 30.3), 91.6% were married, and 36.8% had perinatal depression. High mother-child engagement (≥ 4 activities in the prior 3 days) ranged from 27.1% to 94.1% from 24 to 60 months post-delivery. The frequency of child social-emotional delay ranged from 26.6% at 30 months to 4.4% at 60 months. Low mother-child engagement at any point (< 4 activities) was more common among women with perinatal depression (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08, 1.33) and was associated with twice the risk of child social-emotional delay (RR 2.22, 95% CI 1.78, 2.77). Mothers who reported adverse childhood experiences (ACES) (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04, 1.11) and intimate partner violence (IPV) (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11, 1.47) interacted less frequently with their children than women without these experiences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this cohort of Kenyan mother-child pairs followed from pregnancy through childhood, perinatal depressive symptoms were associated with lower mother-child engagement, which was associated with double the risk of child social-emotional delay.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of the Palivizumab Programme in Reducing the Risk of Paediatric Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Kimberley A Foley, Sarah A Buchan, Dayre McNally, Michelle Dimitris, Sarah Swayze, Jeffrey C Kwong, Steven Hawken, Sonia Saxena, Dougal Hargreaves, Tiffany Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Palivizumab was introduced in Canada in 1998 as a publicly funded programme to reduce respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in high-risk children. Severe early-life RSV infections are associated with increased asthma risk. Thus, palivizumab may also indirectly reduce paediatric asthma.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of Ontario, Canada's palivizumab programme in decreasing paediatric asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used multiple linked population-based administrative databases to identify all children born in Ontario between 1993 and 2013, with follow-up through March 2020. Our primary outcome was physician-diagnosed asthma by age 7. Controlled interrupted time-series analysis was used to compare changes in annual asthma incidence (by birth year) before and after palivizumab's introduction, according to programme eligibility (clearly, possibly, or ineligible). Socio-demographic differences were explored via stratification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly 3 million children were included in this study, including 406,596 (14.6%) diagnosed with asthma by age 7. Asthma incidence substantially declined over the study period, with the greatest declines among palivizumab-ineligible children (35.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 28.3, 42.6, versus 18.1%, 95% CI 13.9, 22.9 among clearly eligible children). However, relative to ineligible children, post-palivizumab declines were most apparent among possibly eligible children, with an additional annual decline of 2.0% (95% CI 0.3, 3.7) in asthma. Socio demographic differences in asthma incidence and post-palivizumab declines were noted. Particularly, incidence was higher among children born to teenage mothers than among those aged 19+ years; this gap narrowed over time, especially among possibly eligible children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Asthma incidence declined over this 20-year study; however, smaller declines were observed among children clearly eligible for palivizumab relative to ineligible children. However, exploratory evidence was suggestive of reduced social inequities in asthma post-palivizumab, particularly among possibly eligible children. Larger reductions in asthma might be realized with the introduction of population-based RSV immunization programmes through broader programme eligibility and reductions in severe RSV disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Haemoglobin and Haematocrit During Pregnancy and Stillbirth Risk: A Prospective, Population-Based Birth Cohort Study.","authors":"Shuangying Li, Nina Dempsey, Shen Gao, Shaofei Su, Shuanghua Xie, Zhengyang Yao, Minhui Hu, Juan Li, Zhan Li, Enjie Zhang, Jianhui Liu, Hao Xing, Jinghan Yu, Shaowen Wu, Wentao Yue, Ruixia Liu, Alexander E P Heazell, Chenghong Yin","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal anaemia is a public health issue globally, associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, less is known about the effects of high haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) on the risk of stillbirth.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We assessed the dose-response effects of dynamic changes in maternal Hb and Hct across all trimesters on stillbirth risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was based on the prospective, longitudinal, population-based China birth cohort study (CBCS) between 2018 and 2022, including 142,715 women with live births or stillbirths delivered at ≥ 20 weeks' gestation. The modified Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between Hb/Hct, haemodilution status across three trimesters and stillbirth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a fifth (23.6%) of pregnant women had anaemia at least once during pregnancy. Maternal anaemia increased the risk of stillbirth. The adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for Hb at 70-99 g/L (moderate anaemia) was 2.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26, 4.76 and aRR for Hct < 33% (anaemia) was 1.63 (95% CI 1.12, 2.38) in the first trimester. Interestingly, a U-shaped association between Hb/Hct and stillbirth was observed, and high Hb/Hct levels in any of the three trimesters were related to increased stillbirth risk. Excessive haemoglobin dilution/haemoglobin concentration across trimesters was also associated with higher stillbirth risk, especially from the first to the second trimesters, with aRRs of 1.86 (95% CI 1.15, 3.01) and 3.34 (95% CI 2.08, 5.37), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering the U-shaped association between Hb/Hct levels and stillbirth, clinical vigilance is necessary at both low- and high-extremes of Hb/Hct and physiological haemodilution metrics in mid-to-late pregnancy for improved pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}