Psychotropic Medication Exposure via Breast Milk: A Population-Based Descriptive Study in Denmark.

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI:10.1111/ppe.70074

Xiaoqin Liu, Kathrine Bang Madsen, Jin Liang Zhu, Trine Munk-Olsen, Per Damkier, Angela Lupattelli, Helga Zoega, Hedvig Nordeng, Mette-Marie Zacher Kjeldsen, Merete Lund Mægbæk, Malene Galle Madsen, Veerle Bergink, Mette Bliddal

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: There is limited data on the extent of psychotropic medication exposure through breast milk in infants. This information is essential for identifying research gaps and informing clinical practice.

Objectives: To examine the prevalence and trend of psychotropic medication exposure among exclusively breastfed infants.

Methods: A population-based descriptive study among exclusively breastfed infants during 2012-2022, using Danish nationwide registers. Psychotropic prescriptions (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System codes N05-N06) filled by mothers during the recorded breastfeeding period were identified in the Prescription Registry. We calculated the prevalence of potential exposure to any psychotropic medication (expressed per 1000 infants), categorised by drug class and stratified by maternal demographic and clinical factors.

Results: Among 446,573 exclusively breastfed infants, 7882 (17.6 per 1000 infants, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.2, 18.1) were exposed to at least one, and 699 (1.6 per 1000 infants, 95% CI: 1.5, 1.7) to two different psychotropic medications via breastfeeding. The most frequent exposure was antidepressants, with a prevalence of 15.0 per 1000 infants (95% CI: 14.6, 15.4), primarily sertraline. This was followed by hypnotics and sedatives, at 1.3 per 1000 infants (95% CI: 1.2, 1.4), predominantly zopiclone, and antipsychotics, at 1.1 per 1000 infants (95% CI: 1.0, 1.2), mainly quetiapine. Psychotropic medication exposure in exclusively breastfed infants increased 1.39-fold, from 15.7 per 1000 infants (95% CI: 14.5, 17.1) in 2012 to 21.8 per 1000 infants (95% CI: 20.3, 23.4) in 2022. This increase was observed for all drug classes except anxiolytics. The prevalence of psychotropic medication exposure varied by maternal demographic and clinical factors.

Conclusions: Approximately 2% of exclusively breastfed infants are potentially exposed to psychotropic medications through breast milk in Denmark. The prevalence has shown an upward trend over time, especially for psychostimulants.

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通过母乳接触精神药物：丹麦一项基于人群的描述性研究。

背景：关于婴幼儿通过母乳接触精神药物程度的数据有限。这些信息对于确定研究差距和为临床实践提供信息至关重要。目的：了解纯母乳喂养婴儿精神药物暴露情况及趋势。方法：对2012-2022年期间纯母乳喂养的婴儿进行基于人群的描述性研究，使用丹麦全国登记册。由母亲在记录的母乳喂养期间开具的精神药物处方（解剖治疗化学分类系统代码N05-N06）在处方登记处得到确认。我们计算了任何精神药物潜在暴露的患病率（每1000名婴儿表示），按药物类别分类，并按产妇人口统计学和临床因素分层。结果：在446,573名纯母乳喂养的婴儿中，7882名（17.6 / 1000名婴儿，95%可信区间[CI]: 17.2, 18.1）通过母乳喂养至少接触过一种精神药物，699名（1.6 / 1000名婴儿，95% CI: 1.5, 1.7）通过母乳喂养接触过两种不同的精神药物。最常见的暴露是抗抑郁药，患病率为15.0 / 1000 (95% CI: 14.6, 15.4)，主要是舍曲林。其次是催眠药和镇静剂，每1000个婴儿中有1.3个（95% CI: 1.2, 1.4），主要是唑匹克隆，抗精神病药物，每1000个婴儿中有1.1个（95% CI: 1.0, 1.2），主要是喹硫平。纯母乳喂养婴儿的精神药物暴露增加了1.39倍，从2012年的每1000名婴儿15.7人（95%置信区间：14.5,17.1）增加到2022年的每1000名婴儿21.8人（95%置信区间：20.3,23.4）。除抗焦虑药外，所有药物类别均观察到这种增加。精神药物暴露率因产妇人口统计学和临床因素而异。结论：在丹麦，大约2%的纯母乳喂养婴儿可能通过母乳接触精神药物。随着时间的推移，患病率呈上升趋势，尤其是精神兴奋剂。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology 医学-妇产科学

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

7.10%

发文量

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology crosses the boundaries between the epidemiologist and the paediatrician, obstetrician or specialist in child health, ensuring that important paediatric and perinatal studies reach those clinicians for whom the results are especially relevant. In addition to original research articles, the Journal also includes commentaries, book reviews and annotations.