Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Perinatal Depression, Maternal Engagement and Child Social-Emotional Development: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Anna Larsen, John Kinuthia, Felix Abuna, Julia C Dettinger, Lauren Gomez, Mary Marwa, Nancy Ngumbau, Ben Odhiambo, Salphine Watoyi, Joshua Stern, Barbra A Richardson, Grace John-Stewart, Jillian Pintye","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence gaps remain regarding the influence of perinatal depression on mother-child engagement and child social-emotional development.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We assessed relationships between perinatal depression, mother-child engagement and child social-emotional development among Kenyan mother-child pairs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mother-child pairs attending maternal-child health services in four sites in Western Kenya were followed from pregnancy through early childhood. Study nurses serially assessed perinatal depression (pregnancy, 6 weeks, and 9 months postpartum with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, CESD-10 scores ≥ 10), mother-child engagement activities (6-monthly, 24 to 60 months post-delivery with UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys) and child social-emotional delay (6-monthly, 30 to 60 months post-delivery with Ages and Stages Questionnaires). We estimated prevalence and correlates of low mother-child engagement and social-emotional delay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 884 mothers, the median age was 26 years (IQR 22.0, 30.3), 91.6% were married, and 36.8% had perinatal depression. High mother-child engagement (≥ 4 activities in the prior 3 days) ranged from 27.1% to 94.1% from 24 to 60 months post-delivery. The frequency of child social-emotional delay ranged from 26.6% at 30 months to 4.4% at 60 months. Low mother-child engagement at any point (< 4 activities) was more common among women with perinatal depression (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08, 1.33) and was associated with twice the risk of child social-emotional delay (RR 2.22, 95% CI 1.78, 2.77). Mothers who reported adverse childhood experiences (ACES) (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04, 1.11) and intimate partner violence (IPV) (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11, 1.47) interacted less frequently with their children than women without these experiences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this cohort of Kenyan mother-child pairs followed from pregnancy through childhood, perinatal depressive symptoms were associated with lower mother-child engagement, which was associated with double the risk of child social-emotional delay.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"577-587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13344516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighbourhood Social Vulnerability and Preterm Birth Risk Among Infants With Trisomy 21: A Statewide Analysis.","authors":"Fatima R Sheriff, Renata H Benjamin, Qian Xiao, Jenil Patel, Charles Shumate, Alejandra Fernandez, A J Agopian","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Residing in socioeconomically vulnerable areas is known to be associated with increased preterm birth (PTB) risk in the general population. However, the relationship between social vulnerability and PTB remains unexplored among infants with trisomy 21, who experience more than twice the PTB rate of the general population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective was to examine the association between maternal socioeconomic vulnerability, as measured by the SVI, and PTB among infants with trisomy 21.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study among infants with trisomy 21 born in Texas (1999-2018). We examined the association between neighbourhood vulnerability, measured by Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) quartiles, and PTB utilising data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry. Using Poisson regression, we estimated crude and adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), accounting for maternal demographic characteristics and health factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 8823 eligible infants included in the analysis, 2269 (25.7%) were born preterm. Maternal residence in the highest vulnerability quartile was associated with an increased risk of PTB (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04, 1.32) and moderate to late PTB (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.05, 1.35), compared to the least vulnerable quartile. In secondary analyses stratified by race/ethnicity, the association with high vulnerability was particularly strong among non-Hispanic Black women (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.00, 2.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of neighbourhood social vulnerability in influencing perinatal health risks, particularly PTB among infants with trisomy 21.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"623-631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13423264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Epidemiologic First Principles Approach to Assessing Changes in the Frequency of Early Term Birth.","authors":"Omar S Jamal, Sid John, Sarka Lisonkova, K S Joseph","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70172","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"645-649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13423255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Methodological Pitfalls Complicating the Analysis of Early Term Births.","authors":"Ye'elah E Berman, John P Newnham, Dorota A Doherty, Sarah V Ward","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70153","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evaluating the success of policies aiming to reduce early term birth (37⁺⁰-38⁺⁶ weeks' gestation) is analytically challenging.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Determine the best method of reporting temporal changes of early term birth rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed 54,646 singleton births at Western Australia's main tertiary hospital (2009-2019). Using interrupted time series, segmented and nominal regression, we assessed how varying gestational age outcomes, denominator, or statistical method affected conclusions regarding temporal changes (pre and post-Initiative implementation) in the timing of birth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interrupted time series showed yearly rates of birth at 37⁺⁰-38⁺⁶ weeks increased pre-Initiative, with no instant level change or change in the slope post-Initiative, regardless of denominator: all births (slope change -0.0, 95% CI -0.5, 0.5); births > 36⁺⁶ weeks (slope change: -0.4, 95% CI -1.0, 0.2), and no change to the number of early term births averted. Conversely, when examining births < 39⁺⁰ weeks, pre-Initiative rates increased by 0.9% (95% CI 0.5, 1.3) per year, then stabilised post-Initiative (slope change: -0.8, 95% CI -1.4, -0.3), with no change to the number of births < 39⁺⁰ weeks averted. Nominal logistic regression showed that pre-Initiative, the rise in the early term birth rate was driven by a reduction in births at ≥ 39⁺⁰ weeks, and post-Initiative by a reduction in preterm birth. Using segmented quantile regression, lengthening of gestational age at birth in days was observed more so at the lower percentiles, compared to the estimated counterfactual.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Examining early term birth rates in isolation can mask changes in birth timing in the presence of a changing preterm or ≥ 39⁺⁰ birth rate. Researchers should examine all births < 39⁺⁰ weeks rather than just early term births, or use nominal logistic regression. For gestational age in days as the outcome, segmented quantile regression can be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"634-644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13423260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Description of Temporal Trends and Age-Period-Cohort Effects in the Association Between Age at Menarche and Adult Obesity Among Women in the United States.","authors":"Claire E Cook, Hilary K Brown, Sonia Grandi, Chris Kim, Hailey R Banack","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70154","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent decades, there have been concurrent secular trends in decreasing age at menarche and increasing prevalence of obesity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe temporal trends and age-period-cohort effects in the association between age at menarche and adult BMI using population-representative data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2018).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Self-identified female participants ≥ 18 years completed a Reproductive Health Questionnaire and physical examination. Age at menarche (continuous, years) was self-reported, and body mass index (BMI) (continuous, kg/m²) was calculated using measured height and weight. Age at menarche and adult BMI were characterised using descriptive statistics by age (at the time of the survey), period (NHANES data collection cycle), and birth cohort (10-year intervals). Linear regression was used to assess the association between age at menarche and adult BMI, overall and stratified according to age, period and cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 23,923 NHANES participants ≥ 18 years between 1999 and 2018, mean adult BMI was greatest among individuals who self-reported age at menarche ≤ 11 years (30.9 kg/m² ± 8.1). Mean adult BMI was highest among individuals with earlier ages at menarche across age, period, and cohort. In linear regression analyses, there were greater increases in adult BMI per 1-year decrease in age at menarche among individuals who reported earlier ages at menarche (β 1.80 kg/m², 95% CI 1.44, 2.16), with larger associations among younger age groups and recent birth cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present work characterises secular trends in decreasing age at menarche and increasing obesity prevalence to demonstrate age and cohort effects in the association between age at menarche and adult BMI. Identification of these age and cohort effects helps detect populations at risk and informs obesity prevention strategies, highlighting age at menarche as a valuable early-life indicator of obesity risk across the life course.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"650-662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13423270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haemoglobin Concentrations and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: Identifying Optimal Haemoglobin Ranges.","authors":"Hong-Zhao Yu, Chang-Dong Dong, Yang Liu, Ying Zhu, Chuan-Zhen Wang, Hong-Tian Li","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both low and high haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations associate with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, with the optimal Hb concentrations remaining elusive.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the associations between Hb concentrations and maternal/neonatal outcomes and determined optimal Hb ranges during the second and third trimesters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospectively, data from 41,956 singleton live births delivered at Fuyang Women and Children's Hospital, a tertiary hospital in China, from 2018 to 2023, were analysed. Poisson regression with restricted cubic splines was employed to associate Hb concentrations with maternal (gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM], preeclampsia, and postpartum haemorrhage [PPH]) and neonatal outcomes (preterm birth [PTB], small for gestational age [SGA] birth, and neonatal asphyxia), applying generalised estimating equations to account for repeated measures. Optimal Hb ranges were determined using interquartile ranges from a low-risk subgroup and thresholds identified via the combined risk curve method, incorporating PPH and neonatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 120,263 Hb measurements were analysed. U-shaped relationships emerged between Hb concentration and preeclampsia, PPH, PTB, SGA and neonatal asphyxia, whereas that with GDM was nearly linear. These patterns were consistent in both the second and third trimesters. The optimal ranges of 10.6-11.8 and 10.7-12.1 g/dL were identified by the low-risk subgroup approach for the second and third trimesters, respectively, whereas those by the combined risk curve method yielded slightly broader ranges of 9.6-11.7 g/dL and 9.9-12.0 g/dL, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study reveal U-shaped relationships between maternal Hb concentrations and maternal/neonatal outcomes, with 10.5-12.5 g/dL as the optimal Hb concentration during the second and third trimesters, considering combined risks and clinical feasibility. Future multicentre studies are warranted to validate these ranges in broader populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"564-574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13423262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Group Prenatal Care Model.","authors":"Liwei Chen, Cheng-Tzu Hsieh, Lu Zhang, Roch A Nianogo, Yi Huang, Amy H Crockett","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with both short- and long-term adverse outcomes for both mothers and their offspring. CenteringPregnancy group prenatal care (CPNC) model has gained popularity due to its unique design to support pregnant individuals in managing multiple risk factors during pregnancy. However, whether participation in CPNC reduces the risk of developing GDM remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the GDM incidence between pregnant individuals receiving CPNC and those receiving traditional individual prenatal care (IPNC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 8313 participants (CPNC: 1832; IPNC: 6481) from South Carolina. GDM was screened and diagnosed between 24 and 30 weeks of gestation with the two-step approach. We applied inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using stabilized propensity score (PS) weights. The weighted risk ratio (RR) of CPNC relative to IPNC for GDM was estimated using weighted marginal log-binomial models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the original cohort, the incidence of GDM was 4.7% in the CPNC group and 6.8% in the IPNC group. After applying stabilized IPTW, baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups. In the weighted pseudo-cohort, CPNC was associated with a lower risk of GDM compared with IPNC (RR 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51, 0.81). In subgroup analyses, this inverse association was observed among non-Hispanic White (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43, 0.86) and non-Hispanic Black participants (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.47, 1.00), but not among Hispanic participants (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.62, 1.77). Results from multivariable logistic regression in the original cohort were consistent in direction but less precise. There was no evidence of additive interaction by race/ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pregnant individuals receiving CPNC had a lower risk of developing GDM than those receiving IPNC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148284001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ending Preventable Stillbirths and Improving Bereavement Care: A Global Scorecard.","authors":"Susannah Hopkins Leisher, Aleena M Wojcieszek, Jessica Sexton, Esti de Graaff, Gagan Gupta, Mary Kinney, Harriet L S Lawford, Paula Quigley, Vicki Flenady, Hannah Blencowe","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70108","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Lancet Ending Preventable Stillbirths series issued a global Call to Action to reduce stillbirths and improve bereavement care. To monitor progress, we developed a global scorecard to track performance on key indicators.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To introduce the scorecard and demonstrate its utility with a worked example by comparing global and regional performance in 2022 versus 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive analysis of performance across 20 nominated indicators spanning mortality targets, universal health coverage targets and milestones for ending preventable stillbirths. Data were extracted from global tracking processes undertaken by United Nations agencies and foundations. Data were summarised globally and by region, with performance against indicators coded as below expectation, in progress, on track, or fully achieved.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven of the 20 indicators had no available data to assess performance, including those related to stillbirth rate equity, subnational stillbirth rates, national reproductive health plans, the quality of antenatal and intrapartum care, and national processes for stigma reduction. As yet, there is no global consensus on respectful care after a perinatal death. Data were sparse for all indicators in Oceania, Europe and North America, and Latin America and the Caribbean. For most regions and most of the 13 other indicators with available data or estimates, progress was often modest or lacking. Central and South Asia and East and South-East Asia were 'on track' for more indicators than other regions, and there was substantial progress on three indicators in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, for the 10 highest-burden countries, progress remained below expectations. Progress was highest for indicators assessing the existence of plans, and worst for indicators assessing implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Global Scorecard for Ending Preventable Stillbirths can be used to provide advocates, policymakers, and practitioners with a detailed status check on data availability and progress in ending preventable stillbirths and improving care after stillbirth.</p>","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"436-451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145900767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Visibility to Accountability: Ending Stagnation in Stillbirth Prevention.","authors":"J Frederik Frøen, Özge Tunçalp","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70147","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"452-453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RSV and Childhood Asthma: Cause, Consequence or a Question of Design?","authors":"Anthony J Gilding, Cristina Longo","doi":"10.1111/ppe.70150","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppe.70150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19698,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"497-499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}