Optics express最新文献

{"title":"Improving the near-infrared luminescence of Ca₃MgSnGe₃O₁₂:Cr³⁺ using cation modulation and energy transfer for night-vision and nondestructive testing.","authors":"Tao Wang, Mengjiao Li, Zhiyong Jiao, Xiuxiu Feng, Zhijun Wang, Panlai Li","doi":"10.1364/OE.550136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.550136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A series of Ca₃Mg_1-<i>x</i> Sr <i>_x</i> SnGe₃O₁₂:0.05Cr³⁺ (<i>x </i>= 0.005-0.3) phosphors were synthesized in this study; varying the Cr³⁺-ion crystal-field strength through Sr²⁺-concentration variation resulted in a luminescence-center redshift. Nd³⁺-ion co-doping resulted in a broad-spectrum emissive material with a 468 nm excitation wavelength, expanded full width at half maximum (FWHM) (195 nm), Cr-Nd energy transfer, and an ultra-high temperature stability (99.59% at 423 K). Combining Ca₃Mg_0.7Sr_0.3SnGe₃O₁₂:0.05Cr³⁺, 0.05Nd³⁺ with blue LED chips resulted in near-infrared (NIR) phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (<i>pc</i>-LEDs) for night-vision and nondestructive testing applications. This study reports what we believe is a novel method for designing NIR light-emitting materials with excellent luminescence properties that could guide future research on NIR phosphors with widespread applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"2796-2808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-aperture liquid crystal lens array based on layered combined electrodes for 2D/3D switchable display.","authors":"Yi Zheng, Li-Lan Tian, Yu-Meng Zeng, Rui Ding, De-Sheng Yin, Yao Li, Jia-Yu He, Fan Chu","doi":"10.1364/OE.546594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.546594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work proposes a large aperture liquid crystal lens array based on a novel layered combined electrode (LCE) structure. A large aperture (800µm) is achieved by strategically positioning pixel electrodes on either side of the LC lens and auxiliary electrodes at its center. This design effectively doubles the LC lens aperture compared to conventional structures, achieving this at a significantly lower voltage. Concurrently, the voltage applied to the auxiliary electrode is maintained at a lower level than the pixel electrode voltage to optimize the electric field distribution. To assess the operational efficiency of the proposed structure, a comparative simulation is conducted against a conventional model. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed LC lens array achieves a remarkably short focal length of 2.2 mm at a low operating voltage (∼4.8V_rms). Compared with the method of enlarging the aperture by adding multiple auxiliary electrodes, the proposed LC lens array simplifies the electrode structure and thus reduces the electric field crosstalk between electrodes. Furthermore, this configuration enables seamless 2D/3D switching functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"2673-2686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric-level carbon dioxide gas sensing using low-loss mid-IR silicon waveguides.","authors":"Pen-Sheng Lin, Arne Quellmalz, Shayan Parhizkar, Po-Han Huang, Nour Negm, Stephan Suckow, Floria Ottonello-Briano, Max C Lemme, Anna Lena Schall-Giesecke, Frank Niklaus, Kristinn B Gylfason","doi":"10.1364/OE.527421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.527421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interest in carbon dioxide (CO₂) sensors is growing rapidly due to the increasing awareness of the link between air quality and health. Indoor, high CO₂ levels signal poor ventilation, and outdoor the burning of fossil fuels and its associated pollution. CO₂ gas sensors based on integrated optical waveguides are a promising solution due to their excellent gas sensing selectivity, compact size, and potential for mass manufacturing large volumes at low cost. However, previous demonstrations have not shown adequate performance for atmospheric-level sensing on a scalable platform. Here, we report the clearly resolved detection of 500 ppm CO₂ gas at 1 s integration time and an extrapolated 1<i>σ</i> detection limit of 73 ppm at 61 s integration time using an integrated suspended silicon waveguide at a wavelength of 4.2 µm. Our waveguide design enables suspended strip waveguides with bottom anchors while maintaining a constant waveguide core cross-sectional geometry. This unique design results in a low propagation loss of 2.20 dB/cm. The waveguides were implemented in a 150 mm silicon on insulator (SOI) platform using standard optical lithography, providing a clear path to low-cost mass manufacturing. The low CO₂ detection limit of our proposed waveguide, combined with its compatibility for high-volume production, creates substantial opportunities for waveguide sensing technology in CO₂ sensing applications such as fossil fuel combustion monitoring and indoor air quality monitoring for ventilation and air conditioning systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"3511-3521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-band reconfigurable microwave photonic transceiver towards high-performance integrated radar.","authors":"Shuai Shao, Yilin Wu, Qiyin Xue, Hui Wang, Sigang Yang, Hongwei Chen, Minghua Chen","doi":"10.1364/OE.547863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.547863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an effective approach to overcome the electronic bottlenecks of conventional electrical radars, microwave photonic radars have demonstrated significant superiority in their perception and recognition capabilities. However, trade-offs exist among the reconfigurability, signal time-bandwidth product (TBWP), linearity, and phase coherence of current photonic radars, which ultimately weaken the overall performance. To address these challenges, a photonic transceiver based on electrically assisted synchronized lasers is proposed and demonstrated, which combines high resolution and multi-band reconfigurability. Optical coherent heterodyne linear frequency-modulated (LFM) radar signal generation and photonic dechirping reception are implemented through the synchronized lasers at the transmitter and receiver, respectively. In a proof-of-concept experiment, reconfigurable LFM signals covering the L- to Ka-band with improved linearity and phase coherence are generated. Furthermore, the proposed photonic transceiver operates in the Ka-band with an ultra-large signal TBWP of 4 × 10⁶, enabling high-resolution ranging and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. A range resolution of 1.92 cm and an imaging resolution of 1.92 cm × 1.89 cm are obtained, which require a receiver sampling rate of only 5 MSa/s. Featuring a simple structure, flexible reconfiguration, and integration compatibility, the demonstrated photonic transceiver opens new opportunities for next-generation miniaturized radar application scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"3654-3669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral imaging characteristics of a multilevel diffractive lens by low-cost nanofabrication.","authors":"Xin Liu, Min Li, Jiang Bian, Junfeng Du, Bincheng Li, Bin Fan","doi":"10.1364/OE.545231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.545231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multilevel diffractive lenses with a small <i>F</i>-number (<i>F</i>#≤10) and a high diffraction efficiency can shorten optical system length and improve system detection accuracy. The diffraction efficiency of the multilevel diffractive lens fabricated by the high-precision, low-cost nanofabrication method proposed in this paper reaches 90% of the maximum theoretical diffraction efficiency. Furthermore, the spectral imaging characteristics of the diffractive lens are theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The results show that the measured spectral resolution is 1.5 nm and the spatial resolution is 116 lp/mm, respectively, which are close to the theoretical analysis values.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"3438-3450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-chip reconfigurable diffractive optical neural network based on Sb₂S₃.","authors":"Yifan Wang, Wei Lin, Shaoxiang Duan, Changjin Li, Hao Zhang, Bo Liu","doi":"10.1364/OE.545535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.545535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A Sb₂S₃-based reconfigurable diffractive optical neural network (RDONN) for on-chip integration is proposed. The RDONN can be integrated into standard silicon-on-insulator systems, offering a compact, passive, all-optical solution for implementing machine learning functions. The weights of the proposed optical chip are reconfigurable without the need to modify hardware structures or re-fabricate the chip. Its main structure consists of multilayer metalines made from Sb₂S₃, a low-loss phase change material. The RDONN architecture is constructed using the two-dimensional electromagnetic propagation model and implements the classification task on the Iris dataset with both intensity modulation and phase modulation inputs. This demonstrates its feasibility, with classification accuracies reaching 95.0% and 98.3%, respectively. Our model enables reconfigurable manipulation of the weights in the on-chip diffractive optical neural network, which can be used in the design and fabrication of real chips. This advancement holds significant promise for future all-optical in situ learning systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"1810-1826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven and model-guided iterative reconstruction framework for simultaneous sparse-view and ring artifact reduction in synchrotron X-ray microtomography.","authors":"Fangzhi Li, Yimin Li, Ziyao Wang, Chenyang Ma, Dongjiang Ji, Wenjuan Lv, Yi He, Jianbo Jian, Xinyan Zhao, Chunhong Hu, Yuqing Zhao","doi":"10.1364/OE.549522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.549522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synchrotron X-ray microtomography (S-µCT) is a highly valuable technique for investigating organ function and pathologies. However, its application is often limited by high radiation doses and the occurrence of ring artifacts. While S-µCT utilizing sparse-view projections can effectively decrease radiation doses, the reconstructed images frequently exhibit severe streaking artifacts, which are exacerbated by ring artifacts, ultimately compromising reconstruction accuracy, image quality, and resolution. Previous research has primarily focused on either sparse-view CT reconstruction or ring artifact reduction, leaving the issue of simultaneous sparse-view and ring artifact reduction under-explored. In this study, we propose a data-driven and model-guided iterative reconstruction framework for S-µCT to address this issue. Specifically, this framework integrates a data prior derived from a score-based generative model to tackle the streaking artifacts introduced by sparse-view projections, along with a model prior obtained from a regularization model to suppress ring artifacts. To assess the effectiveness and capabilities of the proposed framework, simulations using foam phantoms and real S-µCT experiments involving rat liver samples were conducted. The results demonstrated that the proposed framework effectively reduces both streaking and ring artifacts, yielding high-quality S-µCT images with significant reconstruction accuracy and improved image resolution. These findings suggest that the proposed framework holds considerable promise for expanding the application of S-µCT in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"3145-3161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep 3D-DIC using a coarse-to-fine network for robust and accurate 3D shape and displacement measurements.","authors":"Yanzhao Liu, Kemao Qian, Bing Pan","doi":"10.1364/OE.549759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.549759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep learning has become an attractive tool for addressing the limitations of traditional digital image correlation (DIC). However, extending learning-based DIC methods to three-dimensional (3D-DIC) measurements is challenging due to the limited displacement estimation range, which cannot handle the large displacements caused by stereo-matching disparities. Besides, most of the existing learning-based DIC architectures lack prior information to guide displacement estimation, resulting in insufficient accuracy. To solve these problems, we proposed a learning-based 3D-DIC (i.e., Deep 3D-DIC) using a coarse-to-fine network called G-RAFT for large and accurate image displacement estimation. Specifically, the large displacement estimation network GMA is adopted to calculate the large coarse displacement field, which is further warped on the deformed image to eliminate the main displacement component. The residual small deformation between the reference image and the warped image is further extracted using the recently proposed RAFT-DIC with high accuracy. By subtracting small displacement from large displacement, the refined displacement field is obtained. In contrast to standard subset-based 3D-DIC, Deep 3D-DIC achieves full-automatic pixel-wise 3D shape and displacement reconstruction without manual parameter input. Experimental results demonstrate that Deep 3D-DIC achieves accuracy comparable to subset-based 3D-DIC, with strong generalization ability and remarkable advantages in scenarios with complex surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"2031-2046"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demonstration of passive, nonlinear, and active devices on a hybrid photonic platform.","authors":"Hamidu M Mbonde, Batoul Hashemi, Bruno L Segat Frare, Thibault Wildi, Pooya Torab Ahmadi, Dawson B Bonneville, Neetesh Singh, Peter Mascher, Franz X Kärtner, Tobias Herr, Jonathan D B Bradley","doi":"10.1364/OE.546052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.546052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The monolithic fabrication of passive, nonlinear, and active functionalities on a single chip is highly desired in the wake of the development and commercialization of integrated photonic platforms. However, the co-integration of diverse functionalities has been challenging as each platform is optimized for specific applications, typically requiring different structures and fabrication flows. In this article, we report on a monolithic and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor CMOS-compatible hybrid wafer-scale photonics platform that is suitable for linear, nonlinear, and active photonics based on moderate confinement 0.4-µm-thick Si₃N₄ waveguiding layer coated with a ∼0.4-µm thick TeO₂ film. This platform offers four main advantages, which are (1) ensuring reduced stress and film cracking for scalable fabrication by using thin Si₃N₄, (2) allowing polarization-insensitive single-mode operation at telecom wavelengths, (3) enhancing waveguide nonlinearity and allowing dispersion engineering by adding the TeO₂ film coating, and (4) achieving amplification and lasing through incorporation of rare-earth dopants during the TeO₂ film deposition step. We present the design and experimental measurement of TeO₂-coated ∼0.4-µm-thick Si₃N₄ microring resonators with internal Q factors of 7.5 × 10⁵ and 5.2 × 10⁵ for TE and TM polarizations, respectively. The experimental results show that the dispersion of TeO₂-coated ∼0.4-µm-thick Si₃N₄ waveguides can be engineered between normal and anomalous by adjusting the thickness of the TeO₂ layer. For a 1.6-µm wide, 500 µm bend radius ring resonator with a ∼0.4-µm-thick TeO₂ coating, anomalous dispersion values of 25 and 78 ps/nm·km were measured at 1552 nm wavelength for the TE and TM-modes, respectively, and the onset of Kerr comb generation was observed. Also, by applying an Er-doped TeO₂ coating, an optical amplifier with TE and TM net gain and 5.5 dB net internal gain at 1533 nm in a 6.7-cm-long waveguide and a microdisk laser were demonstrated. These results show a promising route to monolithic integration of passive, nonlinear, and active functionalities via hybrid waveguides on standard silicon photonic platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"1836-1847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional shape measurement method and system calibration for an annular inner-wall.","authors":"Baichun Zhagn, Yifan Jiang, Qingyang Wu, Qican Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OE.546804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.546804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the field of industrial measurement, capturing a three-dimensional (3D) profile of an annular inner-wall has been a significant challenge. Current methods typically require multiple scans using a 3D scanner or circular structured light technique, which are inefficient and inconvenient to use. To address this issue, an off-axis measurement method and corresponding system has been proposed in this paper based on circular fringe projection. It can be used to reconstruct the 360° profile of an annular inner-wall in a single scan without any movement. Additionally, a full-field calibration method using ray-tracing for this system has also been presented. Compared to the traditional methods, this method features a simple calibration structure, convenient operation and no need for strict coaxial alignment, which enhances the flexibility of the proposed measurement system and contributes to its high efficiency and the integrity of its output data. Simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness and practicality of this measuring approach and system calibration method, providing an alternative solution for automated 3D profile measurement of annular inner-wall.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"3670-3684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}