Optical Fiber Technology最新文献

{"title":"Laser-oriented design and performance analysis of series-parallel lyot filters with cross-output","authors":"Minquan Lai,&nbsp;Xuefang Zhou,&nbsp;Yiyang Xia,&nbsp;Miao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a fiber comb filter with switchable channel intervals is designed. The structure is composed of two Lyot filters connected in parallel via two polarization beam splitters (PBS), with two circulators (CIR) added to connect the two branches in series, enabling cross output. The transfer function of the filter is derived and analyzed using transfer matrix theory. Simulation results indicate that the filter can generate two small channel intervals and one large channel interval. Experimental testing confirms three channel intervals consistent with theoretical predictions, namely 0.2 nm, 4.36 nm, and 0.3 nm. Additionally, a fourth small channel interval of 0.46 nm is achieved by adjusting the angular difference between the principal axis of the PBS and the principal axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF). It is also observed that the extinction ratio (ER) and peak wavelength of the filter can be tuned by varying the rotation angle of the polarization controller (PC). A randomly distributed feedback fiber laser (RDFBFL) based on the designed filter is demonstrated to achieve switchable channel intervals across five laser channels. At room temperature, the maximum wavelength drift of the central wavelength over 30 min is measured to be 0.082 nm, while the maximum peak power fluctuation is 1.09 dB. Furthermore, the tunability and stability of a multi-wavelength fiber laser (MWFL) based on the filter are evaluated. With four laser channels, the channel intervals remain switchable, and the output power fluctuation of the new channel intervals is less than 1.07 dB within 30 min, while the frequency drift is less than 0.258 nm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous measurement of salinity and temperature based on ring-shaped microfiber resonator","authors":"Hongwei Liang,&nbsp;Yuenan Zhao,&nbsp;Yu Sun,&nbsp;Suqin Wang,&nbsp;Cun Zhao,&nbsp;Zhicheng Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing intensity of ocean development activities and the impact of global climate change, accurate measurements of seawater salinity and temperature have become essential for understanding ocean dynamics and monitoring the health of marine ecosystems. This study presents an optical sensing platform that employs a microfiber ring resonator (MRR) configuration for the concurrent detection of salinity and temperature. The sensor leverages the inter-mode interference of the ring-shaped microfiber structure and the resonance effect of the resonator ring to facilitate real-time monitoring of both parameters. As salinity and temperature change, the interference and resonance wavelengths shift either redward or blueward due to changes in the refractive index. By establishing a linear correlation between spectral displacement and variations in salinity and temperature, a transmission matrix is created to concurrently obtain the salinity and temperature of marine water samples. Experimental results indicate that the microfiber inter-mode interference exhibits sensitivities of 390 pm/‰ and 810 pm/°C for salinity and temperature, respectively. The resonance ring effect yields sensitivities of 260 pm/‰ and 420 pm/°C for salinity and temperature, respectively. The salinity resolution reaches up to 0.01 ‰, while the temperature resolution achieves up to 0.005 °<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span>. Furthermore, the sensor offers advantages such as a simple structure, enhanced electrical safety, and effective protection against electromagnetic interference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single and composite soliton rain patterns in a spatiotemporal mode-locked fiber laser","authors":"Rongjun Huang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Gao ,&nbsp;Jiawen Wu ,&nbsp;Hu Cui ,&nbsp;Zhichao Luo ,&nbsp;Wencheng Xu ,&nbsp;Aiping Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the first observation of both single and composite soliton rain patterns in a spatiotemporal mode-locked (STML) fiber laser based on a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror. At high pump powers, our experiments reveal forward- and backward-drifting soliton release, accompanied by dynamic variations in the real-time beam profiles, as well as static soliton release with a stable beam profile. Notably, in the presence of multiple continuous waves coexisting with mode-locked solitons, distinct composite soliton rain patterns are achieved. These include the coexistences of soliton release with different conventional soliton rains or cyclic soliton rain. The results contribute not only to a deeper understanding of soliton rain patterns but also to the exploration of more complex dynamics in STML fiber lasers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and research of a dual-hole reflective optical fiber temperature sensor","authors":"JiXiang Ma ,&nbsp;Qi Gao ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;KeHao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the real-time detection of liquid temperature in special environment such as strong magnetic field and small space, a double-hole reflective fiber optic temperature sensor was designed based on the law of liquid refractive index with temperature and the propagation characteristics of light in liquid. On the basis of proposing the principle of temperature measurement using reflective fiber optic temperature sensors, the probe structure of the sensor was determined. A mathematical model of the sensor was established based on the approximate Gaussian distribution of the optical field at the fiber end, and the influence of different parameters on the output characteristics of the sensor was analyzed. Building an experimental platform and conducting respectively static calibration experiments on fiber optic sensors with single hole and double hole inlet probe structures. The results showed that both types of inlet sleeve structure sensors can achieve liquid detection in the temperature range of 30–122 °C. The sensitivity of the single hole probe reflective fiber optic sensor is 0.75 mV/°C, with a linearity of 9.2 %; The linearity of the dual hole reflective fiber optic sensor is 6.8 %, and the sensitivity is 0.76 mV/°C. The dual hole structure has lower linearity and higher fit degree during linear fitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonic Vernier effect-enabled optical fiber biosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of CA125","authors":"Ling Chen,&nbsp;Ruike Liu,&nbsp;Xianfeng Liu,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Li,&nbsp;Guohao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly economical fiber immunosensor with the harmonic Vernier effect (HVE) is reported for cancer antigen 125 (CA125) tumor marker detection. The sensor architecture is constructed using a special fiber fusion splicer to cascade three sections of single-mode fiber (SMF) in sequence with a large offset. This configuration yields a cascaded Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) architecture incorporating the HVE. The misalignment fusion design facilitates direct and seamless interaction between biochemical fluids and optical signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the refractive index sensitivities of the internal envelope and upper envelope reach −5236, and 1163 nm/RIU, respectively, when refractive index increases from 1.334 to 1.339. It has excellent consistency with the simulation results of −5375 nm/RIU and 1257 nm/RIU as refractive index increases from 1.334 to 1.335. Obviously, the refractive index sensitivity is significantly enhanced via the HVE. The designed sensor is further biologically modified with the 50 μg/mL ovarian cancer 125 monoclonal antibody, enabling varying cancer antigen 125 concentrations detection. The proposed biosensor has low detection limit with value of 44.12 fg/mL and a fast response time (&lt;30 min). Therefore, the proposed biosensor has latent application as an ideal platform for disease diagnosis and medical detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering immersive XR experience through scalable and cost-effective EPON access networks","authors":"Akhilesh Patel ,&nbsp;Dibbendu Roy ,&nbsp;Yatindra Nath Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consumers, businesses, and government organizations are expected to increasingly adopt immersive services, which are accessed in real-time using eXtended Reality (XR) devices. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifies the XR traffic model using truncated Gaussian distribution. We propose to analyze and determine optimal operating conditions when this traffic model is used in an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) system with the “interleaved polling with adaptive cycle time (IPACT)” dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) scheme. This traffic demands high bandwidth, ultra-low delay, adaptive responsiveness, and precise synchronization with minimal jitter. EPON systems address these requirements effectively by eliminating bottlenecks in broadband access networks and offering cost-effective and efficient “last mile” connectivity between core and high-capacity local or home networks. This work evaluates the performance for XR traffic under the IPACT DBA scheme, focusing on delay and jitter. We aim to assess the impact of XR traffic on existing DBA mechanisms and determine the optimal frame (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and data rate (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) conditions to enhance XR performance in PON systems. We analyze the key performance metrics, including end-to-end mean packet delay (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), normalized jitter (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), average grant size (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>z</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), grant utilization (<span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span>), average cycle time (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), and bandwidth utilization (<span><math><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span>). This paper evaluates two grant allocation policies, limited and gated services, each tailored to optimize XR traffic within the IPACT framework. Our proposed XR traffic model substantially reduces <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and enhances <span><math><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span>, improving support for immersive applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A resource allocation scheme based on path-derived graph in QKD optical network","authors":"Shiji Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Bi ,&nbsp;Gopal Verma ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Di","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of optical networks where quantum key distribution (QKD) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technologies are deeply integrated, a series of key technologies are reshaping the pattern of information security transmission. Among them, trusted relay technology realizes the relay distribution of quantum keys in long-distance transmission by building trusted intermediate nodes, effectively breaking through the limitation of quantum signal transmission distance; optical bypass technology bypasses any intermediate nodes in the optical domain by allowing quantum channels to be established between non-adjacent nodes; quantum key pool technology can centrally store and dynamically schedule quantum key resources to meet the sudden demand for keys from different services. However, the coordinated application of these technologies has brought about a high degree of complexity in resource management. Faced with the complexity challenges of the above resource allocation, this paper focuses on the new static routing, channel, key rate and time slot allocation (RCKTA) problem in QKD optical networks for in-depth research. To this end, this paper innovatively proposes a path-derived graph model, which is based on graph theory and maps nodes, links, channels and quantum resources in the network to vertices and edges of the graph, and accurately describes the dependency relationship and allocation logic between resources by defining special attributes and constraints. To this end, this paper proposes a resource allocation algorithm based on this model to rationally manage channel, time slot, QKD module and quantum key pool resources to achieve efficient allocation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel MZI-based fiber-optic DC current sensor with conductive silver adhesive coating","authors":"Zinan Tu,&nbsp;Su Sheng,&nbsp;Fulin Chen,&nbsp;Qichang Jiang,&nbsp;Yuanqing Wang,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu,&nbsp;Jian Wen,&nbsp;Chao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel fiber-optic DC current sensor designed to address the need for precise DC current measurement. The sensor employs a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) configuration based on a multimode-thin-core-multimode fiber (MMF-TCF-MMF) structure, enhanced by a uniformly coated conductive silver adhesive layer. Joule heating generated by the adhesive under direct current induces a measurable wavelength shift in the interferometer. Temperature sensitivity was first evaluated, demonstrating a linear response of 35.76 pm/°C between 25 °C and 70 °C. Current testing revealed quadratic dependence on applied current: sensitivity reached 4.912 nm/A² for 0.4–0.7 A and increased to 20.769 nm/A² for 1.0–1.5 A, representing a 4.2-fold enhancement at higher currents. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity, compact design, cost-effectiveness, and robust repeatability and stability. These features position it as a promising solution for practical current detection applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tapered No-Core fiber sensor coated with graphene oxide for the detection of human hemoglobin","authors":"Zhiheng Mu,&nbsp;Zhijiao Yang,&nbsp;Xingfan Han,&nbsp;Yanpeng Li,&nbsp;Xiaohong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is closely related to diseases such as anemia and kidney disease, and the development of highly sensitive and anti-interference Hb detection technology has important clinical implications. In this article, we develop a tapered no-core fiber (TNCF) sensor for detection of Hb concentration. By coating a graphene oxide (GO) thin film on the TNCF surface, a high sensitivity of 3.893 nm/(mg/ml) is obtained for the Hb solution with a concentration range of 0–1.0 mg/ml. Furthermore, through the sensing experiment of adding interfering substances to the Hb test solution, we have demonstrated the repeatability and anti-interference ability of the sensor. This study opens a new avenue for the application of TNCF in biochemical sensing and proves their potential for high-sensitivity and stable detection, demonstrating significant scientific and practical value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACOP-MB: Amplifiers operating point optimization to increase QoT in multiband scenarios","authors":"Felipe C.N.O. Lima ,&nbsp;Erick A. Barboza ,&nbsp;Leonardo D. Coelho ,&nbsp;Carmelo J.A. Bastos-Filho ,&nbsp;Joaquim F. Martins-Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for data, driven by the increase in internet users and the need for higher bandwidth services, puts significant pressure on network infrastructures. In this context, maximizing the efficiency of optical networks has been a common effort among companies and academic groups. One promising approach to tackling this challenge is the use of multi-band optical transmissions, which make it possible to increase the data transmission capacity of an optical link. Rather than simply expanding the physical infrastructure, this solution seeks to maximize the use of existing resources. Due to the SRS (Stimulated Raman Scattering) effect, which is significantly present in multiband scenarios, as well as the wavelength-dependent parameters such as attenuation and effective area that increase complexity in these scenarios, a combined and simultaneous optimization process is required for the launch power and amplifiers for each band present on the link. Therefore, in this work, we present a new approach to optimizing QoT (Quality of Transmission) in a multiband scenario, called ACOP-MB (Adaptive Control of Operating Point - Multiband), which uses a genetic algorithm for optimization. We considered optical links with 360 and 440 km, 386 transmission channels in the S, C and L bands simultaneously, and EDFAs (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers) and TDFA (Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier). The proposed approach achieved a GSNR (Generalized Signal-to-Noise Ratio) of 14.34 dB over a distance of 360 km, representing a gain of approximately 7 dB over traditional loss compensation approach. In addition, ACOP-MB presented a transmission rate around 32 Tb/s higher when compared to the loss compensation approach, in the studied scenario, demonstrating its potential for optimizing the performance of multiband systems in advanced optical networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}