Optical Fiber Technology最新文献_第6页

Machine learning opportunities for integrated polarization sensing and communication in optical fibers

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104047

Andrej Rode , Mohammad Farsi , Vincent Lauinger , Magnus Karlsson , Erik Agrell , Laurent Schmalen , Christian Häger

{"title":"Machine learning opportunities for integrated polarization sensing and communication in optical fibers","authors":"Andrej Rode , Mohammad Farsi , Vincent Lauinger , Magnus Karlsson , Erik Agrell , Laurent Schmalen , Christian Häger","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the bedrock of the Internet, optical fibers are ubiquitously deployed and historically dedicated to ensuring robust data transmission. Leveraging their extensive installation, recent endeavors have focused on utilizing these telecommunication fibers also for environmental sensing, exploiting their inherent sensitivity to various environmental disturbances. In this paper, we consider integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems that combine data transmission and sensing functionalities, by monitoring the state of polarization to detect environmental changes. In particular, we investigate various machine learning techniques to enhance the performance and capabilities of such polarization-based ISAC systems. Gradient-based techniques such as adaptive zero-forcing equalization are examined for their potential to enhance sensing accuracy at the expense of communication performance, with strategies discussed for mitigating this trade-off. Additionally, the paper reviews novel machine-learning-based approaches for blind channel estimation using variational autoencoders, aimed at improving channel estimates compared to traditional adaptive equalization methods. We also discuss the problem of distributed polarization sensing and review a recent physics-based learning approach for Jones matrix factorization, potentially enabling spatial resolution of sensed events. Lastly, we discuss the potential of leveraging dual-functional autoencoders to optimize ISAC transmitters and the corresponding transmit waveforms. Our paper underscores the potential of telecom fibers for joint data transmission and environmental sensing, facilitated by advancements in digital signal processing and machine learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cobalt coated optical fiber in distributed optical fiber sensing for effective tracking and monitoring of magnetic nanoparticles in the reservoir

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104085

Mohamad Hafizal Mad Zahir , Suzalina Zainal , Chean Lin Lew , Ridhwan Zhafri Kamarul Bahrim , Abdul Halim Abdul Latiff , Hairul Azhar Abdul Rashid

{"title":"Cobalt coated optical fiber in distributed optical fiber sensing for effective tracking and monitoring of magnetic nanoparticles in the reservoir","authors":"Mohamad Hafizal Mad Zahir , Suzalina Zainal , Chean Lin Lew , Ridhwan Zhafri Kamarul Bahrim , Abdul Halim Abdul Latiff , Hairul Azhar Abdul Rashid","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhanced and Improved Oil Recovery (EOR/IOR) projects critically depend on effective tracking and monitoring of fluid mobility in the reservoir for optimal operation. Traditional fluid tracking methods often struggle with low spatial resolution and fail to accurately monitor low-contrast fluids in complex reservoirs, leading to gaps in understanding fluid movement. This paper introduces an innovative subsurface monitoring approach for EOR/IOR that leverages magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) combined with a cobalt-coated fiber optic (CoF) sensing system installed along the borehole. The CoF system is optimized for high magnetic sensitivity (10<sup>-5</sup> T) and sub-meter spatial resolution, enabling precise detection of MNP movements within the reservoir. Our research includes a sensitivity analysis that identifies the ideal magnetic permeability (μ between 10 and 100) for effective MNP injection and laboratory-scale experiments in a sand column setup to validate magnetic modeling. The CoF sensors demonstrated a 30 % improvement in magnetic field sensitivity compared to nickel-coated fibers, while effectively distinguishing between magnetic field changes and minor temperature variations, with a tolerance threshold of ± 2°C. The results show that CoF sensors can reliably track MNPs, map fluid flow along the borehole, and provide continuous, real-time data on fluid dynamics. Additionally, the study addresses the impact of temperature fluctuations on sensor performance and proposes mitigation strategies. These findings suggest that this novel approach significantly enhances the accuracy and reliability of EOR/IOR monitoring, leading to improved reservoir management, operational efficiency, and oil recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

32 GBaud PDM coherent transmission over 8000 km based on recirculating optical fiber loop controller

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104097

Hao Guo , Xuemei Du , Fengping Yan , Wenhua Ren , Ting Li , Guangbo Li , Xiangdong Wang , Dandan Yang , Haoyu Tan , Qi Qin , Zhenyu Gu , Yuezhi Cai , Wenjie Ji , Ting Feng , Huan Chang

引用次数: 0

Preparation and performance study of a Tm3+-doped silicate heterogeneous helical cladding large mode area fiber

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104104

Xiao Shen , Yingying Li , Liaolin Zhang , Tao Yang , Leilei Liu

{"title":"Preparation and performance study of a Tm3+-doped silicate heterogeneous helical cladding large mode area fiber","authors":"Xiao Shen , Yingying Li , Liaolin Zhang , Tao Yang , Leilei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tm<sup>3+</sup>-doped fiber lasers are widely used in industrial manufacturing, medical treatment and national defense fields et al. In this work, a Tm<sup>3+</sup>-doped silicate glass large mode area fiber with heterogeneous helical claddings was fabricated for the first time, including glass preparation, fiber preparation and testing, etc. Refractive index of the core, inner cladding 1 (and outer cladding) and inner cladding 2 are 1.51826, 1.51745 and 1.51838 respectively. The difference of <em>T</em><sub>g</sub> (<em>T</em><sub>s</sub> or <em>α</em><sub>20-300</sub>) between core and cladding glass is very small and meets the requirements of fiber drawing. The structure parameters of the prepared fiber are as follows: the core diameter is 60 μm, the outer cladding diameter is 298.29 μm, the helix pitch is 25 mm and the central angle of cladding 2 is 15.66°. The mode transmission characteristics of the fiber was tested, and the output spot of the fiber was close to a single-mode state, which is basically consistent with theoretical design results. The loss and net gain coefficients of the fiber are 2.88 dB/m and 0.366 dB/m, respectively. The loss coefficient is high, the reasons and improvement methods have been provided. The relevant exploration is conducive to promoting the further application of this new type of optical fiber.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A wearable fiber Bragg grating-based eye-tracking device for monitoring saccadic eye movements for neurological assessments

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104101

S. Srivatzen , Shweta Pant , U. Sharath , Aditya Murthy , Sundarrajan Asokan

引用次数: 0

Impact of bending angle on antiresonant fibers with optimized symmetric geometries

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104071

Rania A. Eltaieb , Steeve Morency, Younès Messaddeq, Sophie LaRochelle, Leslie A. Rusch

{"title":"Impact of bending angle on antiresonant fibers with optimized symmetric geometries","authors":"Rania A. Eltaieb , Steeve Morency, Younès Messaddeq, Sophie LaRochelle, Leslie A. Rusch","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hollow core fibers are unique in reducing signal latency, as well as providing low dispersion and low nonlinearity. Their adoption is hindered by cost, particularly for complex structures that provide the lowest loss. Designs of antiresonant nodeless fiber (ANF) with uniformly sized capillaries, symmetric structures, and without nesting have simple structures that could more readily achieve commercial exploitation. We investigate simple ANF structures for short-reach applications where reduced latency is critical and transmission lengths are short enough to allow a trade-off on loss.</div><div>A common design rule in ANF targets a ratio of 0.68 for capillary diameter to core diameter. We find that when such a design is combined with a large core diameter, the fiber is highly sensitive to bending orientation. We identify ANF designs that offer single-mode operation with acceptable loss, as well as robustness to bending radius and orientation. When there is no bending, our best design has a simulated loss of <span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span> 7 dB/km at the worst-case C-band wavelength. At bending radii of 21 and 18 cm, the worst-case loss over all bending orientations and throughout the C-band is 14.5 and 17.52 dB/km, respectively. Higher-order mode suppression exceeds 20 dB under all conditions (bending and wavelength).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A temperature self-compensating fiber-optic magnetic field sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer and Vernier effect

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104096

Chaopeng Wang , Rui Pan , Yuqiang Yang , Haibin Wu , Ye Wu , Hui Yang , Ran Ji , Wenlong Yang

{"title":"A temperature self-compensating fiber-optic magnetic field sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer and Vernier effect","authors":"Chaopeng Wang , Rui Pan , Yuqiang Yang , Haibin Wu , Ye Wu , Hui Yang , Ran Ji , Wenlong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A temperature self-compensating fiber-optic magnetic field sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and Vernier effect was proposed. The sensor consisted of MZIs connected in parallel. The hollow-core fiber (HCF) cladding of two MZIs was etched by hydrofluoric acid, and wrapped with magnetic fluid (MF) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), respectively. The magnetic field sensitivity of MZI1 was improved by etching the HCF cladding. The maximum detection sensitivity of MZI1 was −161.1 pm/mT, and the temperature cross-sensitivity was 0.647 mT/°C. MZI2 was designed to be insensitive to magnetic fields, while its temperature sensitivity was similar to that of MZI1. By adjusting the parameters of two MZIs, the sensor could produce a Vernier effect with changes in magnetic field, increasing the sensitivity of magnetic field detection. Since the temperature response of two MZIs was similar, the sensors could produce a reduced Vernier effect with temperature changes, eliminating temperature crosstalk, and achieving temperature self-compensation. The experimental results demonstrated that the magnetic field sensitivity of the sensor was −654.7 pm/mT, which was 4.1 times higher than that of MZI1. The temperature crosstalk sensitivity was only 0.029 mT/°C, which was 22.3 times lower than that of MZI1. The proposed sensor enhanced the utilization efficiency of the Vernier effect through the special design of MZI2, which provided a new strategy for the Vernier effect in the fiber-optic magnetic field measurement domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Routing in multicast traffic to reduce fragmentation and crosstalk and reduce energy consumption in SDM-EON

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104094

Yaghoub Khorasani , Akbar Ghaffarpour Rahbar

引用次数: 0

Instantaneous frequency measurement scheme based on scalable structure and machine learning assistance

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104086

Dan Chen , Shuoyan Liu , Tianci Cui , Chang Cai , Yunxia Zhang , Binbin Zhou , Xingyu Yang , Xiongchao Liu

引用次数: 0

Visible-Near infrared Ultra-Flat supercontinuum generation in long tapered photonic crystal fibers

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104082

Shizi Yu , Liang Chen , Meisong Liao , Tianxing Wang , Dongyu He , Lili Hu , Shubin Chen , Weibiao Chen , Weiqing Gao , Shuo Shi , Wei Gong

{"title":"Visible-Near infrared Ultra-Flat supercontinuum generation in long tapered photonic crystal fibers","authors":"Shizi Yu , Liang Chen , Meisong Liao , Tianxing Wang , Dongyu He , Lili Hu , Shubin Chen , Weibiao Chen , Weiqing Gao , Shuo Shi , Wei Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an all-fiber ultra-flat supercontinuum (SC) was developed using tapered photonic crystal fibers (TPCFs). We analyzed the effects of taper ratio and taper length on SC generation. The results indicate that appropriate taper length and taper ratio can effectively enhance the bandwidth and flatness of the SC. A silica TPCF with a transition region of approximately 24 m was fabricated. When the TPCF’s length was 27.55 m (with a transition region of 14.55 m), we achieved an ultra-flat SC with a 3 −dB bandwidth of 1245 nm (ranging from 743 to 1988 nm), using 1-ps pump pulses at 1064 nm. This SC exhibited a cut-in wavelength of 384 nm and a spectral coverage extending over 1.55 octaves. To the best of our knowledge, the 3 −dB bandwidth of this SC spectrum represents the widest level ever reported for a silica fiber-based SC laser. Furthermore, in subsequent research, we numerically generated a ultra-flat broadband SC at a 3 −dB level from 433 to 2728 nm, using 10-ps pump pulses at 1064 nm, almost covering the transmission band of silica. This study demonstrates a method that significantly enhances the flatness of the SC output.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0