Wenzhen Li, Le He, Wang Ju, Xiaoke Yin, Jiaqi Wang, Rui Xie, Xiaodan Zheng, Xiaoting Wu, Yingbin Xing, Haiqing Li, Jinggang Peng, Nengli Dai, Jinyan Li
{"title":"Over 100 W C + L band wavelength-tunable Er/Yb co-doped fiber amplifier with 75 nm bandwidth","authors":"Wenzhen Li, Le He, Wang Ju, Xiaoke Yin, Jiaqi Wang, Rui Xie, Xiaodan Zheng, Xiaoting Wu, Yingbin Xing, Haiqing Li, Jinggang Peng, Nengli Dai, Jinyan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this letter, a wavelength-tunable fiber amplifier operating in C + L band was demonstrated. The gain equalization between C-band and L-band was verified through the simulation. Subsequently, we build a C + L band wavelength-tunable erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber amplifier. The tunable wavelengths were ranging from 1540 nm to 1615 nm with the total bandwidth of 75 nm. Besides, based on the gain fiber length of 6.5 m and the maximum pump power of 400 W, over 100 W output power was achieved at each wavelength accompanied with a good beam quality. Our results provide guidance for the application of C + L band high power fiber laser and amplifier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhi-Xin Gao , Xiu Du , Yang-Yang Li , Yu Yang , Wenyu Yan , Feng Zhang , Ling-Xin Kong , Xia Liu
{"title":"MOF-based fiber-optic iodine vapor vernier sensor with temperature crosstalk reduction by TOC&TEC","authors":"Zhi-Xin Gao , Xiu Du , Yang-Yang Li , Yu Yang , Wenyu Yan , Feng Zhang , Ling-Xin Kong , Xia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring of iodine vapor during spent fuel reprocessing plays an important role in nuclear safety and environmental health. In this article, we proposed a temperature insensitive fiber-optic vernier sensor based on dual Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) for trace detection of iodine vapor in 0°C-80°C. The sensing structure adopts a single-mode fiber (SMF)-hollow-core fiber (HCF)-polymer waveguide structure, which adjusts the spectrum by controlling the ratio of the air cavity length to the polymer waveguide length. The polymer waveguide uses polycarbonate (PC) and polyamide (PA) as composite matrix, doped with N-functionalized metal–organic frame material UiO-66-PYDC to achieve specific recognition and capture of iodine vapor. The research results indicate that the sensitivity of the sensor for detecting iodine vapor is 77.76 pm/ppb, and the detection accuracy reaches 10 ppb in actual calibration. Meanwhile, due to the matching of thermal optical coefficient (TOC, decrease) and thermal expansion coefficient (TEC, increase) of the mixed matrix, the influence of temperature on the optical path of the polymer waveguide is weakened, and the temperature sensitivity is as low as −3.35 pm/°C. Due to the similar chemical properties of iodine isotopes, this work is not only a pioneering attempt to use optical fiber sensors to detect iodine vapor, but also has a promising application in the monitoring of radioactive iodine waste gas in nuclear industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Igor Ayesta , Eduardo Urrutia , Mikel Azkune , Eneko Arrospide , María Asunción Illarramendi , Joseba Zubia
{"title":"Comparative analysis of Signal-to-Noise ratio in Raman microscopy using conventional cuvette based measurements and Hollow-Core microstructured polymer optical fibers","authors":"Igor Ayesta , Eduardo Urrutia , Mikel Azkune , Eneko Arrospide , María Asunción Illarramendi , Joseba Zubia","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Confocal Raman microscopy is a powerful tool for chemical analysis, but achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) remains a challenge, especially for weak signals. In this study, we compare conventional cuvette-based measurements with those performed using hollow-core microstructured polymer optical fibers (mPOFs), using both selective and non-selective filling methods. Three types of mPOFs with different sizes were employed. Potassium ferricyanide, characterized by its distinct Raman band at 2140 cm<sup>–1</sup>, and two laser wavelengths (532 nm and 785 nm) at three different magnifications were used to evaluate the performance and stability of each configuration. Our results show that mPOFs made of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) significantly improve SNR compared to traditional cuvette setups, with the selectively filled medium-size fiber providing the best performance. Furthermore, even non-selectively filled fibers, simply cleaved and immersed, achieve SNR enhancements over cuvette measurements without any specialized handling. Although higher magnifications in fiber setups improve light confinement and interaction volume, they can also introduce stability issues such as liquid evaporation, especially in smaller fibers. Analysis also confirms that Raman signal power in fiber-based systems depends on factors such as fiber diameter, length, and numerical aperture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrei A. Stolov, Paul S. Westbrook, Michael J. Joyce, Jie Li, Adam S. Hokansson
{"title":"Hydrogen-induced optical loss in germanium-doped single mode fibers: Relative contributions of O-H and short wavelength edge attenuation","authors":"Andrei A. Stolov, Paul S. Westbrook, Michael J. Joyce, Jie Li, Adam S. Hokansson","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactions of hydrogen in silica optical fibers lead to the formation of O-H groups and other defects responsible for short wavelength edge (SWE) attenuation. This study examines the relative contributions of O-H and SWE to optical loss at 1310 and 1550 nm in germanium-doped single-mode fibers. Both telecom-grade and specialty optical fibers were investigated. Under benign aging conditions (< 150 °C), the effects of hydrogen pressure, temperature, and aging time were explored. Two fibers with polyimide coatings were studied for their sensitivity to hydrogen at temperatures up to 375 °C. Special cases included optical fibers pre-exposed to strong UV, gamma, and electron beam radiation, where SWE loss exhibited non-standard behavior. Multiple regression analysis was used to correlate the 1310 and 1550 nm attenuation with quantitative characteristics of O-H and SWE measured at 1390, 700, and 900 nm, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A spectrum allocation algorithm in multi-band EONs with farsighted band selection and ISRS impact reduction","authors":"Junling Yuan , Longlin Huang , Xuhong Li , Qikun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-band elastic optical networks (MB-EONs) have emerged as a promising solution to expand the capacity of optical transmission systems by exploiting previously underutilized spectral bands in single-core fibers, thereby addressing the exponential growth of global internet traffic. In this study, we propose a routing, modulation, band, and spectrum allocation (RMBSA) algorithm that intelligently integrates farsighted band selection and inter band stimulated raman scattering (ISRS) impact reduction spectrum allocation to optimize network performance. The farsighted band selection rule adopts a proactive approach by prioritizing bands with the smallest discrepancy between their maximum supported transmission distance and the current path’s required distance. This strategy ensures that the selected band not only meets immediate transmission demands but also maintains long-term spectral efficiency by minimizing unnecessary modulation downgrades. Meanwhile, the ISRS impact reduction spectrum allocation mechanism groups connection requests with similar frequency slices requirements and assigns them to contiguous spectral regions within each band, effectively reducing spectral fragmentation and improving resource utilization. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RMBSA algorithm significantly reduces blocking probability, enhances spectral efficiency, and improves the average optical signal-to-noise ratio of accommodated requests. By combining forward-looking band selection with intelligent spectrum allocation, this approach provides a robust framework for scalable and efficient MB-EONs deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing resource utilization in radio-over-fiber using hybrid modulation scheme","authors":"Shruti Shruti , Rajveer Dhawan , Amol Choudhary , Abhishek Dixit","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a hybrid modulation scheme for radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems, which integrates baseband-over-fiber and conventional radio-over-fiber transmission. The proposed approach enables the simultaneous transmission of a baseband and an RF signal over the same wavelength using a single fiber and a single photodetector, without relying on conventional multiplexing techniques. This is achieved by initially modulating the optical carrier with a baseband signal and subsequently modulating this already modulated optical carrier with a radio frequency (RF) signal. This enables the use of existing optical infrastructure to transmit additional RF signals. The paper presents a mathematical framework supported by experimental and simulation results. The scheme has been tested for different fiber lengths, RF and optical power levels, and data rates, demonstrating an acceptable bit error rate (BER) of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> with the necessary parameters outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The development of a smart-carpet for plantar pressure analysis using optical distributed sensing and machine learning","authors":"Mariana Silveira , Júlia Mello , Lorrayne Fagundes , Arnaldo Leal-Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plantar pressure analysis is an important tool in the scope of healthcare as it offers valuable insights into foot structure, corporal balance and overall health. In this context, this paper presents a smart-carpet embedded with an optical fiber acting as a distributed sensing element for plantar pressure analysis and shape reconstruction. Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) was employed, and the measured signals were cross-correlated with the unloaded response to obtain the spectral shift over the fiber length. An image processing algorithm that utilizes edge detection and clustering was implement to estimate the pressure profile across the footprint. After signal acquisition and processing, a spatial resolution of <span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>mm</mi></mrow></math></span> was achieved. The right footprints of four healthy subjects were analyzed using the proposed technology, and the spectral shift quality remained within a reliable range for subjects weighing up to 84 kg. To map the spectral shift to pressure, a characterization procedure was performed, resulting in a linear fit with an <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> value of 0.92 and a sensitivity of 1.83 Pa/GHz. The average pressure distributions across the hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot were 42.7%, 24.38% and 32.80%, respectively, and footprint lengths were estimated with relative errors ranging from 2.98% to 5.38%. The proposed solution contributes towards advancements in plantar pressure analysis and development of personalized 3D-printed insoles using distributed optical sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangming Meng , Peng Wang , Xiaoyong Xu , Hanshuo Wu , Baolai Yang , Xiaoming Xi , Hanwei Zhang , Xiaolin Wang , Jinbao Chen
{"title":"Demonstration of monolithic ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier with record power of 5.1 kW emitting at 1100 nm","authors":"Xiangming Meng , Peng Wang , Xiaoyong Xu , Hanshuo Wu , Baolai Yang , Xiaoming Xi , Hanwei Zhang , Xiaolin Wang , Jinbao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wavelength extension of high-power fiber lasers holds critical importance for spectral combining systems. In this work, we demonstrate a 5.1 kW all-fiber amplifier operating at 1100 nm based on master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA). When designing fiber lasers operating at wavelengths above 1080 nm, effective suppression of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and transverse mode instability (TMI) must be prioritized. The length of the ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) was optimized to mitigate SRS while maintaining high power conversion efficiency. Wavelength-stabilized laser diodes (LDs) at 981 nm were employed to reduce quantum defect and enhance the TMI threshold. By optimizing the trade-off between total pump absorption and SRS intensity, a slope efficiency of 75.7 % and an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of 23.5 dB were achieved. At 5100 W, the high beam quality was maintained with <em>M<sup>2</sup><sub>x</sub>/M<sup>2</sup><sub>y</sub></em> = 2.39/2.33. Experimental results demonstrate that SRS significantly degrades beam quality through spectral broadening and power transfer to Stokes waves. This work establishes an important reference for extending monolithic fiber amplifier wavelengths beyond conventional bands while maintaining multi-kilowatt performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tunable S-band multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser for beat frequency generation at 11 and 22 GHz","authors":"Harith Ahmad , Leela Wanti Lohano , Bilal Nizamani , Muhamad Zharif Samion , Mohamad Faizal Ismail","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study demonstrates the generation of radio frequency (RF) signals with a multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser (MWBFL) using a gain medium of depressed cladding erbium-doped fiber (DC-EDF). Meanwhile, the dispersion compensated fiber (DCF) is utilized as a nonlinear Brillouin gain medium (BGM). The Brillouin spacing is tuned by adjusting the position of BGM and other components within the laser cavity. Therefore, the single and double spacing between the Brillouin Stokes lines is observed at 0.08 and 0.16 nm. The proposed laser covers an operating range of 14 nm from 1510.30 to 1524.30 nm at single spacing and approximately 10 nm from 1514.30 to 1523.80 nm at double spacing, analyzed by changing the Brillouin pump (BP) wavelength. The beat frequencies are experimentally generated at 10.92 and 21.83 GHz for single and double Brillouin spacing, respectively. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first demonstration of using DC-EDF at Brillouin double spacing. Furthermore, the obtained photonic-based RF generation has the potential to evolve 5G systems by considering the switchable carrier frequencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao Han, Liang Shang, Sujuan Feng, Guangqiang Liu
{"title":"D-shaped long period fiber gratings with different spectral responses and their applications in enhanced torsion sensing","authors":"Xiao Han, Liang Shang, Sujuan Feng, Guangqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate two arc-induced long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) fabricated on the D-shaped fibers with the same structural parameter, which have a single dip and two resonance dips, respectively. By virtue of the modal analysis for the D-shaped fiber, the resonant coupling characteristics in both LPFGs are compared to reveal the reason for their different spectral responses, which are essentially attributed to the introduced twist effect in the fabrication. Due to the high asymmetry from the structure and fabrication, both D-shaped LPFGs have the polarization dependent performances in torsion and temperature measurements. In the D-shaped LPFG with a single dip, the high torsion sensitivities in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions can be up to 0.248 nm/(rad/m) and 0.223 nm/(rad/m), respectively. In particular, the different shifting directions for resonance wavelength indicate this LPFG with the capability of discriminating twist direction. By contrast, in the D-shaped LPFG with two dips, both resonance wavelengths vary sinusoidally with the twist rate. Because the temperature sensitivities of the two dips are almost equal, the temperature cross-sensitivity can be eliminated by using the wavelength difference between both dips as the characteristic parameter. According to this strategy, the linear relation between the wavelength and twist rate can be achieved with a very high torsion sensitivity of 0.352 nm/(rad/m). The demonstration of two D-shaped LPFGs is beneficial to the development of LPFG-based torsion sensors with a high performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 104372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}