Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Pitch-Tracking Risk Factors and Warning Signs for Shoulder Capsulolabral Injuries in Major League Baseball Pitchers.","authors":"Morgan R Dillon, Michael A Mastroianni, Nicholas Frappa, Danil Chernov, Andrew J Luzzi, Matthew G Alben, James Muscat, Kristen F Nicholson, Frank J Alexander, Robert Ablove, Christopher S Ahmad","doi":"10.1177/23259671261431839","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671261431839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Shoulder capsulolabral injuries are a major source of disability in Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers. The introduction of Statcast pitch tracking now enables population-level analysis of shoulder injury mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Purpose/hypothesis: </strong>The purpose of this study was to identify preinjury kinematic risk factors for arthroscopic capsulolabral repair. It was hypothesized that pitchers who sustain capsulolabral injuries show preinjury kinematic deviations detectable on Statcast data.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MLB pitchers undergoing primary capsulolabral repair between 2017 and 2024 (n = 27) were matched 1:2 to uninjured controls (n = 54) by age, role, handedness, season, and pitch count. Statcast pitch-level data were analyzed across 2 consecutive seasons preceding surgery, yielding 161,979 pitches. Six kinematic variables (release speed, spin rate, arm angle, extension, and horizontal and vertical release position) were extracted across 7 pitch types. To identify potential risk factors and preinjury warning signs, 3 complementary analyses were performed. First, a baseline analysis compared mean kinematic profiles and within-outing variability during the preinjury season (season 1) to characterize potential inherent risk profiles. Second, a longitudinal analysis evaluated change scores across 3 intervals including within season 1, across the winter offseason, and within the injury season, by comparing the first 3 versus last 3 qualifying outings of each period to assess potential progressive trends preceding surgery. Third, to identify acute warning signs, a separate analysis modeled linear trends across the final 5 outings immediately preceding injured list placement. Analyses used linear mixed-effects models with clustered standard errors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline (season 1), cases demonstrated significantly higher mean velocity and spin, and lower variability in arm angle and release speed, compared with controls across pitch types. On 4-seam fastballs and sinkers, this corresponded to approximately +1.46 mph and +1.57 mph higher velocity (<i>P</i> = .009 and <i>P</i> = .006, respectively). Standardized effects showed higher spin rate (β = +0.32 SD; <i>P</i> = .02) and lower variability in arm angle (β = -0.58 SD; <i>P</i> = .005) and release speed (β = -0.37 SD; <i>P</i> = .007). During the injury season (season 2), cases showed a significantly greater decline in velocity on fastballs (-0.68 mph; <i>P</i> = .009) and breaking balls (-1.07 mph; <i>P</i> = .003). In the final 5 outings before surgery, cases demonstrated a progressive, linear loss on fastball velocity (-0.20 mph/outing) and breaking ball velocity (-0.30 mph/outing; both <i>P</i> < .001), while other kinematic measures remained stable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MLB pitchers who required arthroscopic capsulolabral re","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":"23259671261431839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized Joint Laxity Is an Independent Predictor of Postoperative Resprain Following Anatomic Reconstruction Using Gracilis Tendon Autograft for Patients With Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability.","authors":"Haoxuan Liu, Jianhong Li, Tong Su, Yanfang Jiang, Yanbin Pi, Xing Xie, Qinwei Guo, Chen Jiao, Dong Jiang","doi":"10.1177/23259671261477818","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671261477818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Generalized joint laxity (GJL) has been reported as a risk factor for poor outcomes following multiligament surgery. However, no previous studies have investigated whether GJL is a risk factor of postoperative resprain following anatomic reconstruction using gracilis tendon autograft.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate whether GJL is a risk factor of postoperative resprain in chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) patients following anatomic reconstruction using gracilis tendon autograft.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 290 consecutive CLAI patients who underwent anatomic reconstruction using gracilis tendon autograft from January 2018 to September 2023 with a minimum follow-up of 24 months were retrospectively evaluated and were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of GJL (based on age and Beighton score). Clinical outcomes were measured through the presence of postoperative noncontact resprain and recurrent instability, return-to-sport status, and patient-reported outcomes including the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Tegner Activity Level scale, and Karlsson-Peterson ankle score (Karlsson score). Risk factors associated with postoperative noncontact resprain were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Survival outcomes were compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 72 patients were included in the GJL group (mean age at surgery, 27.5 ± 9.0 years; male, n = 27; female, n = 45), and 218 patients were included in the non-GJL group (mean age at surgery, 32.8 ± 10.2 years; male, n = 129; female, n = 89). The overall noncontact resprain rate was 6.6%, and the overall recurrent instability rate was 1.7%. There was no significant difference in the postoperative VAS, Tegner, return to recreational sports rate, return to preinjury sports rate, and other surgical complications between the 2 groups. The patients with GJL demonstrated a significantly higher postoperative noncontact resprain rate (15.3% vs 3.7%; <i>P</i> = .001), a significantly higher postoperative recurrent instability rate (6.9% vs 0.0%; <i>P</i> = .001), and a significantly lower postoperative Karlsson score (90.0 ± 6.2 vs 95.6 ± 4.4; <i>P</i> < .001) compared with those without GJL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that GJL was an independent predictor of postoperative noncontact resprain following anatomic reconstruction using gracilis tendon autograft (<i>P</i> = .004; odds ratio = 4.293; 95% CI, 1.612-11.431). The cumulative success rates of the patients with GJL were significantly lower than those of the patients without GJL (<i>P</i> = .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GJL is an independent predictor of postoperative noncontact resprain of CLAI patients following anatomic reconstruction using gracilis tendon autograft.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":"23259671261477818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure Rate After Shoulder Stabilization Procedures in the Military With Use of Knotless Suture Tape: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Scott M Feeley, Bobby G Yow, Benjamin W Hoyt, Caitlyn J Koo, Sean M Wade, Jonathan F Dickens, Robert A Waltz, John-Paul H Rue, Lance E LeClere","doi":"10.1177/23259671261477910","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671261477910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biomechanical studies have demonstrated improved loading properties and tissue tear-through of suture tapes as compared with suture, suggesting that a tape construct in labral repair may reduce failure rates. However, comparative clinical studies are lacking.</p><p><strong>Purpose/hypothesis: </strong>The purpose was to determine the rate of recurrent instability after arthroscopic stabilization and compare survivability and risk factors for failure in a persistently high-demand military population. The null hypothesis was that there would be no difference between the failure rates of arthroscopic stabilization procedures when utilizing a suture tape construct as compared with suture for all instability patterns.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors retrospectively reviewed all shoulder stabilization procedures performed by 3 fellowship-trained sports surgeons at a single high-volume military facility from 2010 to 2020. Given the purported benefits of tape constructs, the surgeons at this facility transitioned from knotted suture to knotless suture tape constructs in 2015. Patients were included who underwent arthroscopic labral repair with minimum 2-year follow-up. Descriptive data, prior instability events, surgical details, and revision procedures were recorded. Intraoperative details included size and location of the tear, concurrent lesions, number and type of anchors, and suture type used. Glenoid bone loss was measured using the circle method, and the Hills-Sachs index was used to evaluate for the presence of off-track lesions. The primary outcome was repair failure. Survival analysis and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed by instability pattern groups to identify factors most associated with failure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 448 procedures were identified, of which 163 anterior, 51 posterior, and 111 combined labral repairs were analyzed. Median follow-up was >6.5 years across groups. On univariate analysis for posterior instability, the use of a knotless suture tape construct was associated with a lower chance of failure when compared with knotted suture constructs (0% vs 20.6%; <i>P</i> = .044). On multivariate analysis accounting for other confounding factors, the use of knotless suture tape was associated with a lower odds of failure (anterior repair: odds ratio [OR], 0.58 [<i>P</i> = .042]; combined repair: OR, 0.22 [<i>P</i> = .025]), while glenoid bone loss >10% was associated with failure after anterior repairs (OR, 3.91; <i>P</i> = .038).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a young, at-risk military population undergoing primary arthroscopic labral repair, the use of knotless suture tape was associated with decreased failure regardless of instability pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":"23259671261477910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alteration of Subchondral Bone Density Distribution Across the Knee Joint Before and After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"Taku Ebata, Koji Iwasaki, Dai Sato, Masatake Matsuoka, Tomohiro Onodera, Eiji Kondo, Norimasa Iwasaki","doi":"10.1177/23259671261442597","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671261442597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury alters knee kinematics and contact mechanics, increasing posteromedial (PM) loading and the risk of knee osteoarthritis. Because subchondral bone density reflects long-term joint stress, its distribution may indicate chronic loading changes. Previous studies have shown higher proportions of high-density area (HDA%) in the PM tibial subchondral bone of ACL-injured knees than in healthy ones. However, it remains unclear whether ACL reconstruction restores normal tibial subchondral bone density distribution.</p><p><strong>Purpose/hypothesis: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in tibial subchondral bone density after ACL reconstruction. It was hypothesized that reconstruction would reduce the elevated PM HDA% observed after injury.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case series; Level of evidence, 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen patients (7 men, 10 women) who underwent unilateral double-bundle ACL reconstruction were included. Computed tomography-osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM) was used to quantify the proportion of the proximal tibial surface occupied by HDA (top 20% of Hounsfield units) within 6 sagittal subregions: anteromedial (AM), centromedial (CM), PM, anterolateral, centrolateral, and posterolateral. The medial ratio represented the percentage of total tibial HDA in the medial compartment. Clinical assessments included side-to-side laxity, pivot-shift test, International Knee Documentation Committee score, Lysholm score, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anterior laxity improved from a mean of 3.3 mm (95% CI, 2.5 to 4.0 mm) to 0.4 mm (95% CI, -0.8 to 1.6 mm) postoperatively, and all pivot-shift tests were negative (<i>P</i> < .05). Clinical scores improved significantly. CT-OAM revealed decreased PM HDA% and increased CM HDA% (Holm-adjusted <i>P</i> = .003 and <i>P</i> = .011, respectively). The AM increase was nonsignificant after correction (<i>P</i> = .055). No significant lateral changes were noted. The medial ratio rose from 59.2% to 63.7% (<i>P</i> = .032) and correlated negatively with KOOS Sports (<i>r</i> = -0.561; <i>P</i> = .037).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACL reconstruction reduces PM overloading by decreasing PM HDA%, but the increased medial ratio suggests a shift of loading toward the medial compartment, which may relate to poorer sport-specific function.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":"23259671261442597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complication Rates and Clinical Outcomes of Larger Alignment Corrections Using Inverted V-shaped High Tibial Osteotomy in Severe Varus Knee Osteoarthritis: A Comparison with Smaller Corrections.","authors":"Kazunori Yasuda, Koji Yabuuchi, Eiji Kondo, Jun Onodera, Dai Sato, Norimasa Iwasaki, Tomonori Yagi","doi":"10.1177/23259671261447195","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671261447195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many studies have reported that larger alignment corrections in medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) are associated with a higher incidence of complications. However, no clinical studies have investigated whether larger alignment corrections using the inverted V-shaped high tibial osteotomy (iVHTO) procedure with locking compression plate (LCP) fixation adversely affect postoperative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether larger alignment corrections using the iVHTO procedure with LCP fixation prolong bone union time, increase complication rates, and lead to poorer clinical outcomes compared with smaller corrections.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 109 knees (96 patients) treated with iVHTO were followed up periodically for up to 24 months postoperatively, and a final follow-up examination was conducted between 3 and 6 years after surgery. The bone union was quantitatively assessed using a radiological scoring system. At the time of analysis, the 109 knees were divided into 2 groups: the larger correction group with the correction angle of ≥13° (group L, 49 knees) and the smaller correction group with the correction angle of <13° (group S, 60 knees). The 2 groups were compared with respect to bone union time, complications, knee function scores, and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Varus knee deformity was significantly greater in group L than in group S (<i>P</i> < .001), whereas postoperative alignment was valgus in both groups without significant differences. The correction angle of the tibia ranged from 13° to 19° (mean, 15.6) in group L and ranged from 9° to 12° (mean, 10.5) in group S. However, there were no significant differences between groups L and S in terms of the bone union time (12.7 vs 12.4 weeks), the complication rate (4.1% vs 3.3%), the Lysholm score (93 vs 96.5 points), and any of the 5 KOOS subscales (eg, symptoms: 83.6 vs 88 points). The postoperative clinical outcomes significantly improved in both groups at the final follow-up examination compared with preoperative scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Larger alignment corrections (≥13°) using the iVHTO procedure with LCP fixation did not prolong bone union time, increase complication rates, or lead to poorer clinical outcomes compared with smaller corrections (<13°) in patients with severe varus osteoarthritic knees.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":"23259671261447195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-Based Prediction of Prognosis After Nonsurgical Treatment for Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear.","authors":"Hong Yeol Yang, Inhwan Bae, Ji Won Kim, Gyunghwan Bae, Youzhen Zheng, Sung Ju Kang, Jong Keun Seon","doi":"10.1177/23259671261470935","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671261470935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) is recognized as one of the leading causes of knee osteoarthritis. Given the detrimental effects of MMPRT on knee kinematics and the associated clinical consequences, substantial efforts have been directed toward improving the understanding and management of MMPRT.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-based prediction model for patient-specific risk assessment of clinical failure at 2 and 5 years after nonsurgical treatment of MMPRT.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors retrospectively reviewed a prospectively collected database of 233 patients who underwent nonsurgical treatment for MMPRT between 2006 and 2020. Patient descriptive characteristics, clinical data, and imaging variables were evaluated for their association with clinical failure, defined as conversion to total knee arthroplasty or corrective osteotomy at 2- and 5-year follow-up. Five conventional machine learning models, including Elastic Net logistic regression, multilayer perceptron, support vector machine, random forest, and Extreme Gradient Boosting, as well as a proposed deep learning model, the Grouped Graph Attention (GGAT) network, were developed and internally validated to predict clinical failure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, clinical failure occurred in 36 of 233 patients (15.5%) at 2 years and in 54 of 233 patients (23.2%) at 5 years. The deep learning-based GGAT model demonstrated better overall predictive performance compared with conventional machine learning models at both the 2- and 5-year follow-up, with test set accuracy of 0.83 to 0.91, precision of 0.87 to 0.91, sensitivity of 0.92 to 1.00, F1 score of 0.89 to 0.95, Brier score of 0.09 to 0.16, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.69 to 0.77. The most influential predictors of clinical failure included baseline mechanical hip-knee-ankle angle, symptom duration, body mass index, age, bone marrow edema, lateral distal femoral angle, subchondral insufficiency fracture of the knee, cartilage lesion, effusion grade, and medial proximal tibial angle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The deep learning-based GGAT network demonstrated accurate prediction of clinical failure at both 2 and 5 years after nonsurgical treatment of MMPRT. These findings underscore the potential value of deep learning-based risk assessment in supporting clinical decision-making and patient counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":"23259671261470935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Treatments of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Beach Volleyball.","authors":"Rishi Trikha, Luis Ornelas, Christian L Blough, Mia McCarthy, Orr Limpisvasti, Michael B Banffy","doi":"10.1177/23259671261479044","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671261479044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Beach volleyball is a globally popular sport that places unique biomechanical and tactical demands on athletes. Although there is some literature on the epidemiology of indoor volleyball injuries, the injury patterns associated with beach volleyball remain comparatively understudied.</p><p><strong>Purpose/hypothesis: </strong>The purpose of this study was to characterize the epidemiology, mechanisms, and treatment of musculoskeletal injuries sustained by beach volleyball athletes. The authors hypothesized that knee and shoulder injuries would represent the most common injury locations and that the mechanisms of injury would differ from those reported in indoor volleyball.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case series; Level of evidence, 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional case series was performed utilizing an institutional electronic medical record and internal search engine from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2025. Patient characteristics, anatomic injury location, mechanism of injury and treatment characteristics were analyzed. Injury distributions were compared between male and female athletes. Continuous variables are summarized using means and standard deviations. Categorical variables are summarized using counts and percentages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 175 injuries sustained in 160 patients were included in this study. Of these injuries, 102 (58.3%) occurred in male cases and 73 (41.7%) in female cases (<i>P</i> = .63). The most common injury locations were the knee (74; 42.3%), wrist/hand (29; 16.6%), and shoulder (25; 14.3%). The distribution of injuries by anatomic location did not differ significantly between male and female athletes in any anatomic location. The most common mechanism among all injuries was a noncontact twisting knee event while pursuing the ball (26.5%), followed by overuse injuries (16.2%), ball contact while blocking or spiking (16.2%), and landing from a jump (14.5%). Among injuries with available treatment data, 59 of 168 (35.1%) required surgical intervention, the most common of which were anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (n = 21) and meniscal surgeries (n = 18).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated that knee injuries were the most common injuries sustained by beach volleyball players. Acute injuries frequently occurred while pursuing the ball, highlighting the unique movement and court coverage demands of beach volleyball. These findings contribute to the limited epidemiological literature on beach volleyball injuries and have the potential to guide future injury prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":"23259671261479044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Artificial Intelligence Adoption in <i>American Journal of Sports Medicine</i> Abstracts: A Period and Nativity-Based Analysis.","authors":"Zirvecan Güneş, Esra Kutsal Mergen","doi":"10.1177/23259671261463933","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671261463933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While large language models (LLMs) have made a tremendous impact on scientific workflow, there are also serious concerns about ethical integrity and nondiverse written language in medical and orthopaedic literature. Recent studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the involvement of artificial intelligence (AI) in writing processes.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To (1) determine the extent of AI involvement in <i>American Journal of Sports Medicine</i> (AJSM) abstracts across 4 different time periods; (2) to determine whether AI usage differs based on authorship nativity.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed abstracts from AJSM and organized these into 4 periods. We chose the year 2000 as a human baseline to establish a threshold for AI involvement. We also selected the years 2015 and 2020 to observe changes in AI probability scores. Considering the release of ChatGPT in November 2022, we included abstracts from 2023 to 2025 to determine the increase in AI usage. We classified articles into native English-speaking, non-native English-speaking, and mixed groups to determine authorship nativity based on institutional affiliations. We used Originality.AI to report AI probability scores. We evaluated differences across years and nativity groups using the Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across the 6 time periods, 1885 abstracts were analyzed. AI probability scores from the year 2000 (n = 124; mean, 1.68%) were significantly lower than all subsequent years (<i>P</i> < .001 for all pairwise comparisons). Scores remained stable between 2015 (n = 348; mean, 9.39%) and 2020 (n = 383; mean, 8.91%; <i>P</i>≥ .999). However, scores began a rapid and significant increase starting in 2023 (n = 345; mean 15.48%) and continued to rise through 2025 (n = 323; mean, 30.6%; <i>P</i> < .001) compared with all previous years. The percentage of abstracts exceeding the threshold increased consistently throughout the years, from 4% in the 2000 baseline to 62.5% in 2025. When nativity groups were compared within the Generative AI Era, no statistically significant differences in AI probability scores were observed in 2023 (<i>P</i> = .364), 2024 (<i>P</i> = .053), or 2025 (<i>P</i> = .454).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated that the prevalence of AI-like linguistic patterns in AJSM abstracts has increased since the release of ChatGPT. AI adoption across all nativity groups suggests that AI has become a universal standard for efficient article writing, regardless of the language barrier encountered by non-native speakers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":"23259671261463933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalizing the Quadriceps Tendon Graft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Novel, Continuous Method to Predict Graft Size Using Preoperative MRI.","authors":"Zi Qiang Glen Liau, Bryan Khoo, Hubert Tuyishime, Matthew Song Peng Ng, Alexander Shao-Rong Pang, James Hoi Po Hui, Kevin Shea","doi":"10.1177/23259671261477950","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671261477950","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The quadriceps tendon (QT) graft is increasingly popular in primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, postoperative quadriceps strength can be significantly weakened after use of a QT graft, compared to using hamstring tendon or bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts. There currently exists no continuous method to predict QT graft size based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements; only dichotomous methods exist at limited cutoff values.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;To (1) assess the accuracy of preoperative MRI QT thickness in predicting graft size dichotomously (&lt;10 mm vs ≥10 mm), (2) assess the accuracy of the formula 2 ×√(&lt;i&gt;WT&lt;/i&gt;/π) in predicting graft size continuously (within ±1.0 mm of the actual graft diameter), and (3) determine the interrater reliability of both methods; a minimum threshold of 10-mm QT graft diameter was selected given the young, high-demand athletic population in this cohort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study design: &lt;/strong&gt;Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This is a retrospective review of 130 patients who underwent primary ACLR with full-thickness QT autografts at a single tertiary institution from January 1, 2022, to July 17, 2025. A novel, reproducible method to measure QT thickness on the MRI sagittal view at the most proximal patellar attachment site was developed. Two blinded reviewers independently measured QT thickness. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the optimal threshold for predicting a final graft diameter &lt;10 mm, with area under the curve (AUC) as the primary measure of discriminative ability. Sensitivity and specificity at the optimal threshold were additionally reported given their direct clinical relevance to intraoperative decision-making at a fixed cutoff.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The mean age was 16.4 years (95% CI, 15.9-16.9 years), with 59 females and 71 males. ROC analysis identified a preoperative QT thickness &lt;8.3 mm as the optimal threshold for predicting a final graft diameter &lt;10 mm, with an AUC of 0.818, a sensitivity of 98.2%, and a specificity of 39.1%. The authors applied the formula 2 ×√(&lt;i&gt;WT&lt;/i&gt;/π), demonstrating how graft diameter can be predicted from preoperative MRI, where &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt; is the measured preoperative MRI graft thickness and &lt;i&gt;W&lt;/i&gt; is the harvested graft width. Using this formula, the authors found that 90.0% of grafts were within ±1.0 mm of the actual graft diameter.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The authors present a novel, numerically continuous way of predicting harvested quadriceps graft size. A preoperative QT thickness &lt;8.3 mm is 98.2% sensitive and 39.1% specific in predicting a final graft diameter &lt;10 mm. Personalizing the width of the harvested QT according to patient's tendon thickness and surgeon's desired graft size may be considered to minimize unnecessary over- or underharvesting of QT in the","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":"23259671261477950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Added Benefit of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Prophylaxis Beyond 15 Days for Heterotopic Ossification After Hip Arthroscopy.","authors":"Muge Kirac, Tahir Koray Yozgatlı, Rauf Alizada, Enis Yildirim, Gokhan Polat, Asim Kayaalp, Baris Kocaoglu","doi":"10.1177/23259671261478430","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671261478430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a well-known postoperative complication of hip arthroscopy that can lead to pain, limited range of motion, and, in advanced cases, the need for revision surgery. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including diclofenac and indomethacin, are widely used for HO prophylaxis. However, there is no consensus on the optimal agent, dosage, and duration of administration.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/purpose: </strong>This study aims to compare the efficacy of diclofenac and indomethacin administered for different durations in preventing HO after hip arthroscopy and to evaluate the impact of varying treatment regimens on postoperative clinical outcomes. It was hypothesized that both diclofenac and indomethacin would effectively prevent HO, with no significant difference in HO incidence between them or with prolonged treatment.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, multicenter study included 1084 patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) between January 2017 and December 2024. Patients were categorized according to the prophylaxis protocol administered: diclofenac 75 mg for 15 days or indomethacin 75 mg for 15, 30, or 45 days daily. The presence and grade of HO were evaluated according to the Brooker classification. Functional outcomes were assessed pre- and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively using the visual analog scale for pain (VAS-Pain) and the Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference in HO development was observed among the study groups (<i>P</i> = .061), with an overall grade 0 rate of 97.7%. The 45-day indomethacin regimen provided superior postoperative pain control with the mean postoperative VAS-Pain score of 0.5 ± 0.4. In contrast, the 15-day diclofenac and indomethacin regimens achieved the greatest improvement, with mean differences in VAS-Pain scores of 5.4 ± 1.6 and 6.8 ± 0.7, respectively. However, the highest postoperative HOS-ADL score was observed in the 15-day indomethacin group (90.4 ± 2.2), whereas the greatest improvement in HOS-ADL was observed in the 30-day group (47.1 ± 3.9), followed by the diclofenac regimen (47 ± 3.8).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence and severity of HO did not differ significantly among diclofenac and indomethacin prophylaxis regimens after hip arthroscopy. Prolonging indomethacin prophylaxis beyond 15 days was not associated with a lower rate of HO. These findings suggest that longer NSAID prophylaxis protocols may not provide additional benefit for HO prevention compared with shorter regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":"23259671261478430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}