Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Arthroscopic Repair With Side-to-Side Sutures for Full-Thickness Transtendinous Supraspinatus Tears Versus Traditional Tendon to Bone Fixation: Outcomes and Retear Rates at 4-Year Follow-up\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/23259671251357601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671251357601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1177/23259671251321470.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 7","pages":"23259671251357601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12254606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Return to Sport Testing After Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients.","authors":"Bilal Khilfeh, Chris Wong, Apeksha Gupta, Michael Saper","doi":"10.1177/23259671251352191","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671251352191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Readiness for return to sport (RTS) after surgery is often evaluated with strength and functional performance tests. However, relationships between RTS and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after arthroscopic shoulder stabilization in adolescents and young adults is limited.</p><p><strong>Purpose/hypothesis: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare objective RTS testing in adolescent and young adult patients after arthroscopic shoulder stabilization with PROMs at time of testing. It was hypothesized that better PROM scores would correlate with better results in RTS testing.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of adolescent and young adult patients (13 - 21 years) who underwent arthroscopic shoulder stabilization at a single institution between 2017 and 2024 were reviewed. Data on patient demographics, operative details, PROMs [Tegner; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Shoulder Score; shortened version of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH)], and RTS testing were collected. Data for each individual RTS assessment was categorized as \"pass\" or \"fail\" based on specified criteria. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare differences in PROMs between those patients who passed versus those who failed a given test. Multivariate regression adjusted for age and body mass index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 59 patients were included (64.4% male; mean age, 16.1 ± 1.7 years); 66.1% underwent surgery on their dominant shoulder. RTS testing was performed at a mean of 6.4 ± 1.9 months postoperatively. Patients who passed the isometric external rotation strength test reported higher postoperative ASES scores (<i>P</i> = .04), while those who passed the isometric internal rotation strength test reported better QuickDASH scores (<i>P</i> = .009). Patients who passed the upper quarter Y-balance test reported significantly higher ASES (<i>P</i> = .005) and lower VAS (<i>P</i> < .05) and QuickDASH (<i>P</i> = .04) scores, postoperatively. Postoperative QuickDASH scores were also significantly better in those patients passing the grip strength test (<i>P</i> = .009). Multivariate analysis showed a 9.5-point difference in postoperative ASES scores between those who passed versus those who failed the upper quarter Y-balance test (<i>P</i> = .002), and a 7.1-point difference in QuickDASH scores between those who passed versus failed the grip strength test (<i>P</i> = .002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PROMs are associated with the ability to pass some RTS assessments, suggesting their potential utility in guiding clinical decision making regarding RTS readiness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 7","pages":"23259671251352191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12254610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Patient Acceptable Symptom State After Isolated Arthroscopic Posterior Medial Meniscal Root Repair.","authors":"Felicitas Allende, Rodrigo Saad Berreta, Zeeshan A Khan, Salvador Gonzalez Ayala, Melissa L Carpenter, Jose Rafael Garcia, Sachin Allahabadi, Brian J Cole, Adam B Yanke, Nikhil N Verma, Jorge Chahla","doi":"10.1177/23259671251326940","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671251326940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Significant clinical improvements have been shown after a posterior medial meniscal root (PMMR) repair; however, there is a lack of understanding of their effect on patients' perspectives.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To (1) define the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after isolated PMMR repair; (2) investigate the role of preoperative, demographic, and intraoperative variables in predicting achievement of these thresholds.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case series; Level of evidence, 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent arthroscopic PMMR with a minimum of 2-year postoperative follow-up were included. PROMs, demographic variables, intraoperative details, and postoperative complications were recorded. PROMs analyzed include the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Jr (KOOS Jr), and the Veterans RAND 12 Physical Function (VR12 PF). MCID and PASS thresholds were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with the attainment of the MCID and the PASS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 75 patients were included, and 5 progressed to arthroplasty within 2 years. Of the remaining patients, the MCID thresholds and percentage achievements were as follows: the IKDC, 10.17 and 84.3%; the KOOS Jr, 10.42 and 71.4%; and the VR12 PF, 6.08 and 60%. The PASS thresholds and percentage achievements were as follows: the IKDC, 67.81 and 60%; the KOOS Jr, 71.95 and 55.7%; and the VR12 PF, 47.75 and 52.9%. For the IKDC, a lower body mass index (BMI) and a lower preoperative score were predictive of MCID achievement, whereas a lower BMI and a greater preoperative score were predictive of PASS achievement. For the KOOS Jr, a lower BMI was predictive of PASS achievement. For the VR12 PF, younger age, lower BMI, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 1, and a lower preoperative score were predictive of MCID achievement, whereas lower BMI, greater preoperative joint space, KL grade 1, and a higher preoperative score were predictive of PASS achievement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study defines the thresholds for MCID and PASS achievement at a minimum 2-year follow-up for the IKDC, KOOS Jr, and VR12 PF scores in a cohort of 70 patients undergoing isolated PMMR repair (72.9% women, mean age, 55.2 years). A larger portion of patients achieved the MCID (84.3%, 71.4%, and 60%) compared with the PASS (60%, 55.7%, and 52.9%). The most common predictors of MCID and PASS achievement included lower BMI and preoperative scores. Furthermore, younger age emerged as an independent predictor of MCID achievement for VR12 PF.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 7","pages":"23259671251326940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six-Month Functional Scores Predict 5-Year Achievement of the Minimal Clinically Important Differences After Hip Arthroscopy for Symptomatic Acetabular Labral Tears.","authors":"Stephen M Gillinov, Jonathan S Lee, Bilal S Siddiq, Kieran S Dowley, Nathan J Cherian, Christopher T Eberlin, Michael P Kucharik, Scott D Martin","doi":"10.1177/23259671251352195","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671251352195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the increasing utilization of hip arthroscopy and identification of predictors of poor outcomes, the effect of short-term improvement on long-term functional outcomes has been understudied.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether improvements in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) 6 months after hip arthroscopy predict 5-year outcomes.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case-control study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of prospectively collected data identified patients ≥18 years who underwent primary hip arthroscopy by a single surgeon for the treatment of symptomatic labral tears. Included patients had a Tönnis grade <2 and completed PROs at baseline, 6-month, and minimum 2-year follow-up, and annually thereafter. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), 8 points, was used to stratify patients into cohorts based on high improvement (HI) versus low improvement (LI) at 6 months. PROs were compared at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years postoperatively by rates of MCID achievement and linear mixed-effects modeling. Subsequent surgery rates were compared by chi-square or Fisher exact tests, as appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 175 patients (age, 37.2 ± 11.4 years; 52.0% female) met inclusion criteria. Of these, 131 HI patients were compared with 44 LI patients. At 5 years, 88.3% of HI patients reached MCID, versus 42.1% of LI patients (<i>P</i> < .001). By multivariable logistic regression, achievement of 6-month MCID (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 17.43; <i>P</i> < .001) and labral management (augmentation, relative to debridement: AOR, 14.5; <i>P</i> = .01) predicted achievement of 5-year MCID. mHHS scores were greater for HI versus LI patients through 3-year follow-up (<i>P</i> < .05) but were not significantly different at 4 and 5 years. Subsequent surgery rates were 9.9% and 11.4% in HI versus LI patients, respectively (<i>P</i> > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates that early functional improvements after hip arthroscopy, assessed by 6-month MCID, predicted clinically meaningful outcomes at 5-year follow-up, underscoring the importance of early cautious recovery to prioritize labral healing while also meeting appropriate, stepwise rehabilitation milestones to advance functionally during these 6 months. Despite this, LI patients continued improving for 5 years, demonstrating that late functional improvements are still possible for certain patients in the event of a poor 6-month rehabilitation period.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 7","pages":"23259671251352195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Elbow Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Surgeries in Major and Minor League Baseball Pitchers: A Descriptive Study of 2281 Cases.","authors":"Fabien Meta, Keith Meister, Timothy B Griffith, Stan Conte, Peter N Chalmers, Sophia Mavrommatis, Sean C Clark, Elizabeth Hebert, Christopher L Camp","doi":"10.1177/23259671251352199","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671251352199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Injuries of the medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) among baseball pitchers are increasing. Surgical treatment is evolving to optimize outcomes.</p><p><strong>Purpose/hypothesis: </strong>This study's purpose was to highlight trends in MUCL repair and reconstruction in professional pitchers, describe outcomes such as return to any level of play (RTP), and identify factors impacting these outcomes. It was hypothesized that primary and revision MUCL surgery is increasing, with revision surgery requiring greater RTP time.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case series; Level of evidence, 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Major League Baseball (MLB) Health and Injury Tracking System database was used to procure data during the study period (2010-2023). All professional pitchers who underwent MUCL surgery during this period were included. RTP was defined as a pitcher returning to at least 1 professional game after index surgery. Return to the same level of play (RTSL) was defined as return to at least 1 game in the same league of play as before surgery. Because of the coronavirus pandemic, the year 2020 was considered an outlier and omitted from time-trend analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2281 pitchers who underwent MUCL surgery during the study period were included for analysis. The number of MUCL surgeries for pitchers increased yearly (<i>R</i> ² = 0.821; <i>P</i> < .001), as did the number of reconstructions with internal brace augmentation (<i>R</i> ² = 0.896; <i>P</i> < .001). The RTP rate for MLB pitchers was significantly higher than the RTSL rate (93% vs 71%; <i>P</i> < .001). This difference was not observed in Minor League Baseball (MiLB) pitchers (RTP 76% vs RTSL 74%; <i>P</i> = .142). RTP rates after revision surgery were lower than those after primary surgery (71% vs 80%; <i>P</i> = .020). The mean time to RTP was shorter (470 ± 135 days) than the mean time to RTSL (499 ± 153 days; <i>P</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of MUCL surgery and revision surgery is increasing among professional pitchers. Overall, 79% of pitchers returned to any level of play at a mean of 470 days, while 74% returned to the same level of play at a mean of 499 days, but this varied based on level of play. This study will guide athlete expectations and surgeon decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 7","pages":"23259671251352199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Soccer Cleat Stud Patterns Worn Versus Lower Extremity Injuries in the English Premier League.","authors":"Sabrina M Pescatore, Sterling J DeShazo, William M Weiss","doi":"10.1177/23259671251353762","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671251353762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soccer has driven increased player physical demands, resulting in elevated levels of lower extremity injuries, especially among elite players.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To analyze the potential effects of soccer cleat stud patterns worn by players who sustained lower extremity injuries in the English Premier League (EPL).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cleat models, 510 players, and 221 injuries were analyzed from the EPL 2021-2022 season. The injured player cohort was established using Transfermarkt.com, and cleat stud patterns-categorized as very aggressive (VA), mildly aggressive (MA), and nonaggressive (NA)- were obtained from footballbootsdb.com, product websites, and online reviews. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were used to assess the risk of lower extremity injury. Poisson regression, multinomial linear regression, chi-square tests, and <i>t</i> tests were used to assess the relationships between age, position, cleat type, and injuries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VA stud patterns had significantly higher injury odds compared with other models (OR_VA, 1.362 [95% CI, 1.008-1.842]; <i>P</i> = .023), while MA stud patterns had significantly lower injury odds (OR_MA, 0.579 [95% CI, 0.352-0.952]; <i>P</i> = .016). NA stud patterns were not significantly associated with the odds of injury. Cleat type and player position together were significantly associated with differences in observed versus expected injuries (χ² = 37.89; <i>P</i> < .0001; <i>df</i> = 6). Players aged between 23 and 30 years had a significantly higher incidence of injury compared with players aged 18 to 22 years (β_{23-26-year-olds} = 0.4205; <i>P</i> = .03; β_{27-30-year-olds} = 0.5199; <i>P</i> = .006).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EPL players wearing VA stud patterns may have a higher risk of lower extremity injuries compared with those with MA or NA patterns. Older age and player position, combined with cleat type, were associated with increased risk of injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 7","pages":"23259671251353762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Patellofemoral Entry Point-Transition Point Angle: Digitalization and Reliability Analysis.","authors":"Johannes M Sieberer, Nancy Park, Shelby T Desroches, Armita R Manafzadeh, Steven Tommasini, Daniel H Wiznia, Kristin Yu, John P Fulkerson","doi":"10.1177/23259671251343235","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671251343235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trochlear dysplasia is important in recurrent patellofemoral instability (PFI); reliable metrics are essential to understand this condition and help define optimal treatment. One such measurement is the entry point to transition point (EP-TP) angle, which describes 2 components of patellar tracking from full knee extension to flexion: (1) mediodistal movement and (2) pure distal movement. Currently, measurement of this metric relies on 3-dimensional (3D) models.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To further develop the EP-TP angle metric to allow its digital measurement, to establish cohort and interrater reliability values, and to evaluate its appropriateness for clinical use.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A data set composed of 30 recurrent PFI patient knees and 30 control knees was acquired. Each knee came with anterior views of the distal femur and curvature maps, which highlighted relevant structures such as the trochlear groove and the medial and proximal ridge. Three raters measured EP-TP angles utilizing a digital tool with and without the curvature maps. Significance of differences in means, presence of a TP, and interrater reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients were tested and evaluated according to an established guideline (<0.5, poor reliability; >0.5-0.75, moderate; >0.75-0.9, good; >0.9 excellent reliability). A significance level of .05 corrected with the Bonferroni method was assumed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PFI knees had a significantly higher EP-TP angle than the control cohort (48.9° ± 10.8° vs 11.8° ± 14.6°; <i>P</i> < .001). Patients had a greater TP prevalence than controls (96.7% vs 10.0%). Interrater reliability for the EP-TP angle with curvature maps was significantly better than without (0.84 [95% CI, 0.76-0.89] vs 0.67 [95% CI, 0.55-0.78]; <i>P</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The EP-TP angle is significantly different between PFI patients and controls. This study presents a digital approach for measuring the EP-TP angle, in contrast with the initially described method, which required 3D prints. This digital approach, when aided with curvature mapping, yields better reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 7","pages":"23259671251343235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injuries in Mixed Martial Arts After Adoption of the Unified Rules of MMA: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Vilius Zachovajevas, Lars Engebretsen, Gilbert Moatshe, Pavelas Zachovajevas, Olav Røise","doi":"10.1177/23259671251342578","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671251342578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The existing literature on injuries in mixed martial arts (MMA) is sparse and lacks a summarized review of injuries in the sport after the adoption of the new rule set in 2009.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the injury characteristics in terms of injury rates and types in MMA after the adoption of the Unified Rules of MMA (URM) by the Association of Boxing Commissions and compare them with preadoption trends.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Under PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, primary literature in English examining injuries in MMA after URM adoption was scanned in Medline, Embase, and PubMed from the inception of these databases until December 27, 2023. Reports providing relevant information on injury rates and characteristics, with data solely on MMA athletes rather than in a combination of athletes from other combat sports, were reviewed and analyzed. In total, 191 reports were identified after the initial search. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize injury rates, types, and locations, as well as variations across subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 43 reports were included in the analysis. The reports varied widely in design, injury definitions, and data collection methods. Post-URM competition injury rates ranged from 23.6 to 54.5 injuries per 100 athlete-exposures (AEs), with soft tissue injuries (lacerations/abrasions/contusions) being the most common type of injury (20.7%-56.9% of all injuries). The most common location of injury was the head and neck area (29.5%-75.9% of all injuries). Concussion rates varied from 14.7 to 16.1 per 100 AEs, and heavier fighters experienced more knockouts and technical knockouts. There is some evidence suggesting higher injury rates among professional fighters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review demonstrated that the most common injuries reported in MMA athletes are soft tissue injuries including lacerations, abrasions, and contusion mainly in the head and neck area. Professional athletes seem to have higher injury rates than amateur athletes, while heavier weight fighters sustain more knockouts and technical knockouts. Current injury rates and types seem to remain similar to those before the adoption of the URM. Analysis of current literature emphasizes a lack of standardized definitions, data on training injuries, and female injuries, which are required to fully evaluate injury characteristics in MMA and ensure the long-term well-being of those participating in the sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 7","pages":"23259671251342578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury Resulting in Surgery: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of 305 Professional Baseball Pitchers.","authors":"Glenn S Fleisig, Jonathan S Slowik, Cara Wychgram, John D'Angelo, Peter N Chalmers, Brandon J Erickson, Ryan Froom, Keshia M Pollack Porter, Frank C Curriero","doi":"10.1177/23259671251351339","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671251351339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The number of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) surgical procedures in professional baseball players continues to increase.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Performance, injury history, physical characteristics, pitching velocity, elbow torque, and amount of pitching are associated with the risk of a UCL injury resulting in surgery.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All 30 Major League Baseball (MLB) clubs were contacted for recruitment at Spring Training and the Fall Instructional League in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Pitchers were eligible if they were from the most recent draft and were healthy. Participants completed a questionnaire, a physical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and biomechanical testing. The questionnaire included date of birth, previous elbow surgery, and self-reported fastball velocity. The physical examination included measurements of height, weight, and passive range of motion in both shoulders. Elbow MRI assessed for abnormalities of the UCL. During biomechanical testing, fastball velocity was measured, and elbow varus torque was calculated. Pitching volume and injuries resulting in UCL surgery were monitored until the end of 2019. Continuous variables were compared between pitchers with and without UCL surgery using the Student <i>t</i> test. For binary risk factors, significant differences in proportions were determined with the chi-square test. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model hazard ratios for the associations between risk factor variables and time to injury. An alpha level of .05 was used for all tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 31 of 305 participants required UCL surgery during the follow-up period. Elbow varus torque was significantly higher for pitchers with a subsequent injury requiring UCL surgery (100.8 ± 18.1 N·m) compared with pitchers without such an injury (94.3 ± 16.1 N·m). The risk of UCL surgery increased 26% for every 10-N·m increase in elbow varus torque. No statistically significant association was found between UCL surgery and body size, history of surgery, fastball velocity, percentage of games pitched as a starter, or UCL abnormalities on MRI, although the 2 pitchers with a full-thickness UCL tear on MRI subsequently underwent UCL surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High elbow varus torque was associated with a greater risk of UCL surgery. With motion capture technology and biomechanists now part of MLB organizations, teams can analyze and improve the biomechanics of their pitchers to reduce elbow varus torque and the injury risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 7","pages":"23259671251351339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficits in Upper Limb Long Lever Isometric Force After Shoulder Stabilization Surgery in Australian Rules Footballers.","authors":"Peter K Edwards, Nicholas Blackah, Jo McEwan, Peter D'Alessandro, Jay R Ebert","doi":"10.1177/23259671251342585","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23259671251342585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early surgical interventions are common for traumatic anterior shoulder instability in contact and collision sport athletes. It is unclear which tests, and which criteria, should be used to guide return to sport after surgery. As such, additional knowledge on postoperative shoulder function is needed to guide this decision making.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess deficits in upper limb long lever isometric force and the rate of force development (RFD) in Australian rules footballers after anterior shoulder stabilization surgery.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30 male Australian rules footballers who had undergone unilateral anterior shoulder stabilization surgery were assessed at 4 to 6 months postoperatively. An uninjured age-, sex-, and sport-matched control group (n = 30) was assessed on a single occasion. Isometric peak force and RFD (within the first 100 and 200 milliseconds) were measured using the Athletic Shoulder (ASH) test in 3 positions (ISO-I, ISO-Y, and ISO-T). Data were analyzed for interlimb differences within the surgical group and between-group differences against controls. The reliability of the measurements was also assessed, and correlations between peak force and RFD were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all ASH test positions, the surgical arm showed significantly lower peak force and RFD within 200 milliseconds than both the nonsurgical arm and control group (<i>P</i> < .05). No differences were found in the RFD within 100 milliseconds (<i>P</i> > .05). Large effect sizes were noted in peak force deficits between the surgical arm and control group, particularly in the ISO-T position (<i>d</i> = 1.19; <i>P</i> < .001). Interlimb asymmetries were highly variable and did not consistently favor the nonsurgical arm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Australian rules footballers at 4 to 6 months after shoulder stabilization surgery exhibited significant deficits in long lever isometric force and late-phase RFD. Clinicians should be cautious in interpreting limb asymmetry and RFD measurements during return-to-sport assessments. Further research should explore the long-term outcomes and relationship between these physical measurements, patient-reported outcomes, and reinjury rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 7","pages":"23259671251342585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}