Open Biology最新文献_第3页

Microtubules in the coenocyte Phytophthora function in nuclear positioning and sustaining tip growth. 巨噬细胞疫霉菌中的微管在细胞核定位和维持尖端生长中起作用。

IF 3.1 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-07-29 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.260070

Michiel Kasteel, Kiki Kots, Johan van den Hoogen, Edouard Evangelisti, Francine Govers, Tijs Ketelaar

{"title":"Microtubules in the coenocyte Phytophthora function in nuclear positioning and sustaining tip growth.","authors":"Michiel Kasteel, Kiki Kots, Johan van den Hoogen, Edouard Evangelisti, Francine Govers, Tijs Ketelaar","doi":"10.1098/rsob.260070","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsob.260070","url":null,"abstract":"The microtubule cytoskeleton consists of dynamic intracellular filaments and is involved in numerous processes, ranging from nuclear division to intracellular transport. Some of these microtubule-mediated processes are conserved in all eukaryotic lineages, while others are specific for certain groups of organisms. Here, we focus on the microtubule cytoskeleton of oomycetes in the genus Phytophthora, a group of harmful plant pathogens. In Phytophthora palmivora lines expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged α-tubulin, we observed a conserved microtubule localization in the mitotic spindle and dynamic cytoplasmic microtubules between adjacent nuclei. These microtubules originated from the mitotic spindle and rapidly increased in length after mitosis. Since microtubule minus-ends are probably associated with microtubule organizing centres on the nuclear surface, the plus-ends of microtubules originating from adjacent nuclei probably maintain an antiparallel connection, which may play a role in nuclear spacing. This idea was strengthened by erratic nuclear motility and positioning after microtubule depolymerization. Besides aberrant nuclear positioning, we also observed less sustained tip growth in the absence of microtubules. This suggests that microtubules radiating into the hyphal tip from the apical nucleus function in sustaining tip growth. Altogether, this study provides novel insights in the localization, dynamics and functions of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the coenocytic Phytophthora hyphae.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148606054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

To eat or not to eat: that is the question! 吃还是不吃，这是个问题！

IF 3.1 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-07-22 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.260119

Michaela E Cooke, Rachel A Ross

{"title":"To eat or not to eat: that is the question!","authors":"Michaela E Cooke, Rachel A Ross","doi":"10.1098/rsob.260119","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsob.260119","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding behaviour is not solely governed by metabolic need, but emerges from the integration of internal state, sensory input, competing motivational demands and prior experience. In this review, we synthesize current understanding of the neural and physiological mechanisms that shape feeding-related decision-making across species, with a focus on rodents. We first outline core homeostatic circuits that regulate energy balance and then consider how interoceptive and exteroceptive sensory signals inform feeding behaviour. We next examine appetitive influences, including reward and palatability, alongside aversive competing inputs, such as threat and stress. We then discuss how learning and memory shape feeding through experience-dependent processes, before considering how all of these signals converge in cortical valuation and integration circuits to guide food-related choices. Finally, we address how disruptions in these systems contribute to disorders, such as obesity, anorexia nervosa and binge-eating disorder, and evaluate how rodent models can be used to study underlying mechanisms while highlighting their limitations. Together, this framework positions feeding as a context-dependent decision-making process and highlights the need for integrative approaches to understand its dysregulation in disease.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Removing the noise: endotoxin-free α-synuclein for accurate in vitro screening of fibrillation modulators. 去除噪音：无内毒素α-突触核蛋白用于纤颤调节剂的准确体外筛选。

IF 3.1 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.260046

Julia Flor, Daniel Izecksohn, Daniel Grasseschi, Magno Junqueira, Cristian Follmer

{"title":"Removing the noise: endotoxin-free α-synuclein for accurate in vitro screening of fibrillation modulators.","authors":"Julia Flor, Daniel Izecksohn, Daniel Grasseschi, Magno Junqueira, Cristian Follmer","doi":"10.1098/rsob.260046","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsob.260046","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contaminant from the vector expression bacteria Escherichia coli was described as a factor responsible for accelerating the in vitro fibrillation of recombinant α-synuclein (αS), a key protein involved in the neuropathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Herein, we describe an efficient protocol for the removal of LPS from αS samples based on phase separation using Triton X-114. Importantly, this method was more feasible, faster and cheaper in eliminating LPS than the commercially available protocol using an affinity matrix of modified polymyxin B. Endotoxin-free αS (αSLPS-free) and the protein purified by a commonly used method (αSc) were evaluated in terms of the kinetics of fibrillation, the microstructure of the aggregates and their susceptibility to certain inhibitors of fibrillation. Monomeric αSc and αSLPS-free exhibit quite different susceptibility to modulators of the fibrillation process, despite their fibrils having similar morphologies and thickness according to the atomic force microscopy analysis. Unlike αSc, the fibrillation of αSLPS-free was poorly inhibited to low concentrations of rosmarinic acid or baicalein. On the other hand, αSLPS-free, but not αSc, had its fibrillation accelerated by harman and rifampicin. Collectively, these results highlight that the presence of LPS might generate artefacts regarding the in vitro screening of fibrillation modulators.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148448673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Domain innovation and deeply conserved intrinsic disorders in eukaryotic argonaute. 真核argonaute的领域创新和深度保守的内在失调。

IF 3.1 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-07-08 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.260067

Diego Forni, Rachele Cagliani, Alessandra Mozzi, Roudin Sarama, Uberto Pozzoli, Manuela Sironi

引用次数: 0

Understanding GnRH: local systems, signalling mechanisms and implications in female health. 了解GnRH：局部系统，信号传导机制和对女性健康的影响。

IF 3.1 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.260006

Lily Tosh, Kirsty Tinto, Margaret Cunningham, Paul Mulheran, Valerie Ferro

{"title":"Understanding GnRH: local systems, signalling mechanisms and implications in female health.","authors":"Lily Tosh, Kirsty Tinto, Margaret Cunningham, Paul Mulheran, Valerie Ferro","doi":"10.1098/rsob.260006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.260006","url":null,"abstract":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone forming a central component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and is critical for controlling reproductive functions. Dysregulated GnRH is implicated in many steroid hormone-dependent diseases, and its receptor, GnRHR, is an attractive and clinically exploited therapeutic target. Mounting evidence suggests that beyond the hypothalamus and pituitary, GnRH and GnRHR are expressed in reproductive and non-reproductive, healthy and malignant peripheral tissues, where they act in an autocrine and paracrine manner. This review provides an updated overview of GnRH and GnRHR signalling with a focus on extrapituitary autocrine and paracrine roles in female reproductive health. We examine the molecular and cellular mechanisms of extrapituitary GnRHR signalling, including G-protein coupling profiles, and alternative cell-specific mechanisms that differ from pituitary signalling. We highlight recent data surrounding the (patho) physiological functions of local GnRH systems, including in the endometrium, ovary, placenta and breast, and their implications for hormone-dependent gynaecological conditions and cancers. Finally, we consider implications of peripheral GnRH/GnRHR systems for therapeutic innovation, including avenues for targeted or biased GnRH-based therapeutics, GnRH/GnRHR-mediated 'off target' effects of GnRH analogues, and explore future translational avenues for the treatment of both hormone-dependent and hormone-refractory diseases.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148361759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep learning in tumour genomics: from multi-omics integration to precision oncology. 肿瘤基因组学中的深度学习：从多组学整合到精确肿瘤学。

IF 3.1 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.260117

Zeya Zhou, Zijin Li, Sinuo Wang, Mia Yang Ang, Jingfa Xiao, Siew Woh Choo

{"title":"Deep learning in tumour genomics: from multi-omics integration to precision oncology.","authors":"Zeya Zhou, Zijin Li, Sinuo Wang, Mia Yang Ang, Jingfa Xiao, Siew Woh Choo","doi":"10.1098/rsob.260117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.260117","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally, with nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Advances in genomic technologies have revolutionized cancer research, shifting focus towards precision medicine based on comprehensive tumour genomic profiling. Concurrently, deep learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for complex biological data. This review critically assesses recent advances in DL applications for tumour genomics, emphasizing four key domains: DNA sequencing analysis for mutation detection, gene expression profiling for cancer subtype classification, methylation function prediction for epigenetic characterization and integrative multi-omics approaches for comprehensive tumour profiling. We systematically analyse how different DL architectures-including convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, graph neural networks, autoencoders and transformers-address specific challenges in cancer genomics. Our review highlights how these approaches significantly enhance detection sensitivity for genomic alterations, improve cancer subtype stratification, identify novel biomarkers and optimize therapeutic target selection. We examine technical challenges in DL implementation, including model interpretability, data scarcity, computational requirements and integration issues, alongside emerging solutions such as explainable AI, federated learning, and multi-modal frameworks. By synthesizing methodological innovations and identifying research directions, this review provides bioinformaticians and cancer researchers with a roadmap for leveraging DL to advance precision oncology.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148361771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evolution and functional significance of neuropeptide cocktails: insights from SALMFamides in asteroid echinoderms. 神经肽鸡尾酒的进化及其功能意义：来自小行星棘皮动物SALMFamides的见解。

IF 3.1 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-06-24 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.260058

Nayeli Escudero Castelán, Maurice R Elphick

{"title":"The evolution and functional significance of neuropeptide cocktails: insights from SALMFamides in asteroid echinoderms.","authors":"Nayeli Escudero Castelán, Maurice R Elphick","doi":"10.1098/rsob.260058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.260058","url":null,"abstract":"Neuropeptides derived from larger precursor proteins are neuronal signalling molecules that regulate physiological processes and behaviour. Some precursors, particularly in invertebrates, give rise to 'cocktails' of structurally related neuropeptides, but the functional significance of this phenomenon is poorly understood. Here, we investigate this by analysing the evolution and receptor pharmacology of SALMFamide-type neuropeptides in starfish (class Asteroidea, phylum Echinodermata). Two types of SALMFamide precursors occur in echinoderms: L-type and F-type, which contain neuropeptides that typically have C-terminal LxF-NH2 and FxF-NH2 motifs (x is variable), respectively. In starfish, L-type and F-type precursors typically contain seven and nine neuropeptides, respectively, but taxon-specific loss/gain of neuropeptides has occurred. Experimental tests revealed that most neuropeptides derived from L-type and F-type precursors in the starfish Asterias rubens exhibit similar potency/efficacy as ligands for their kisspeptin-type receptors, ArKPR7 and ArKPR6, respectively. However, the N-terminally positioned neuropeptide in each precursor has lower potency/efficacy. Furthermore, one neuropeptide derived from the F-type precursor exhibits convergent similarity with L-type precursor-derived neuropeptides, but it has low potency as a ligand for ArKPR7. Our findings indicate that structurally related neuropeptides derived from the same precursor are functionally redundant as receptor ligands; therefore, loss of neuropeptides and/or neuropeptide bioactivity can occur.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural basis of Drosophila insulin receptor activation by DILP2 hormone. 果蝇胰岛素受体被DILP2激素激活的结构基础。

IF 3.1 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.250351

Talha Shafi, Olga V Moroz, Huw T Jenkins, Maria Chechik, Michail N Iusupov, Marta Lubos, Jiří Jiráček, Pierre De Meyts, Andrzej Marek Brzozowski

{"title":"Structural basis of Drosophila insulin receptor activation by DILP2 hormone.","authors":"Talha Shafi, Olga V Moroz, Huw T Jenkins, Maria Chechik, Michail N Iusupov, Marta Lubos, Jiří Jiráček, Pierre De Meyts, Andrzej Marek Brzozowski","doi":"10.1098/rsob.250351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.250351","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin-related hormones regulate key life processes in the animal kingdom, from metabolism to growth, lifespan and ageing, through an evolutionarily conserved insulin and insulin-like hormones signalling axis (IIS). In humans, the IIS axis is controlled by insulin, two insulin-like growth factors, two isoforms of the insulin receptor (hIR-A and -B), and its homologous IGF-1R. In Drosophila, this signalling engages seven insulin-like hormones (DILP1-7) and a single receptor (dmIR) that follows the blueprint of hIR/hIGF-1R. This report describes two cryo-EM structures of the dmIR ectodomain (dmIR-ECD) in complex with DILP2, revealing their relationship to other known DILP5/2/1 complexes. A high excess of DILP2 yielded two dmIR-ECD complexes in asymmetric conformations, similar to that observed in some complexes of hIR and in the dmIR-ECD:DILP5 complex. This stoichiometric and structural heterogeneity was not observed in DILP5:dmIR-ECD and DILP2 full-length dmIR assemblies. Also, in contrast to DILP5, the resistance of DILP2 to form more dmIR-ECD-saturated complexes, despite very high 40 : 1 excess of this hormone, suggests some structural bases for DILP1-7 specificities. This work expands understanding of the dmIR conformational flexibility, indicating that insect dmIR follows a more hIR:IGF-1R receptor hybrid mode of structural signal transduction pattern induced by various two-chains DILPs.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parental rearing shapes brain functional networks and socio-sexual behaviours in the prairie vole. 亲代养育影响草原田鼠的大脑功能网络和社会性行为。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-06-10 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.250177

M Fernanda López-Gutiérrez, Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca, Juan J Ortiz-Retana, Francisco J Camacho, Raúl G Paredes, Néstor F Díaz, Sarael Alcauter, Wendy Portillo

{"title":"Parental rearing shapes brain functional networks and socio-sexual behaviours in the prairie vole.","authors":"M Fernanda López-Gutiérrez, Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca, Juan J Ortiz-Retana, Francisco J Camacho, Raúl G Paredes, Néstor F Díaz, Sarael Alcauter, Wendy Portillo","doi":"10.1098/rsob.250177","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsob.250177","url":null,"abstract":"Animal models with natural variation in family structure, like the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), offer valuable insight into how parental care shapes offspring behaviour. While prior studies have linked early care to long-term behavioural outcomes, the underlying brain network adaptations remain unclear. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined how monoparental (single-parent) versus biparental rearing influences brain connectivity and socio-sexual behaviour. Offspring raised by a single parent received less licking and grooming, and monoparentally reared males failed to form pair bonds after 48 h of cohabitation. Functional connectivity analysis revealed distinct networks shaped by early parental care. One network was linked specifically to monoparental upbringing, while another correlated with the amount of care received. During cohabitation, additional networks associated with prosocial behaviour and pair bonding were also modulated by early-life care. These results demonstrate that parental rearing has long-term effects on brain functional organization and social behaviour in adulthood.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The periosteum as an endocrine organ: historical foundations and new insights. 骨膜作为内分泌器官：历史基础与新见解。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-06-10 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.250466

Madhura Nijsure, Clifford J Rosen

引用次数: 0