Open Biology最新文献

Macrophages warrant Mauthner cell axon regrowth by preventing late-stage hyperglycemia in zebrafish. 巨噬细胞通过预防斑马鱼晚期高血糖而促进毛特纳细胞轴突再生。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.250156

Jing Bai, Siting Lai, Yubei Huang, Jixiang Liu, Zhujuan Huang, Jin Xu

{"title":"Macrophages warrant Mauthner cell axon regrowth by preventing late-stage hyperglycemia in zebrafish.","authors":"Jing Bai, Siting Lai, Yubei Huang, Jixiang Liu, Zhujuan Huang, Jin Xu","doi":"10.1098/rsob.250156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.250156","url":null,"abstract":"Axonal regeneration in the central nervous system is imperative for functional restoration following spinal cord injury (SCI). Myeloid cells are key regulators of axonal regeneration, yet their roles are not fully revealed. SCI perturbs glucose metabolism; however, its precise impact on axonal regeneration remains undefined. Moreover, whether myeloid cells orchestrate glucose metabolic responses to facilitate regeneration is unclear. Here, using the zebrafish Mauthner cell axon transection model, we demonstrate that following SCI, myeloid cell deficiency leads to a late-stage glucose surge, which leads to impaired axonal regeneration. We further identify glucagon signalling as a critical molecular determinant of this metabolic dysregulation and show that targeted mutations in gcga or its receptors (gcgra, gcgrb) rescue the axonal regeneration defects caused by myeloid cell deficiency. Finally, cell-depletion experiments demonstrated that macrophages are responsible for the late-stage hyperglycemia and defective axon regeneration of Mauthner cells. These findings suggest that glucose metabolism plays a critical role in macrophage-warranted axon regeneration in the spinal cord, positioning glucose homeostasis as a potential therapeutic target for enhancing axon regeneration and recovery.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is the alpha-amylase paralogue Amyrel dispensable in Drosophila melanogaster? 在黑腹果蝇中，α -淀粉酶副淀粉酶是可有可无的吗？

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.250411

Jean-Luc Da Lage, Magalie Bonneau, Céline Moreno, Arnaud Le Rouzic

{"title":"Is the alpha-amylase paralogue Amyrel dispensable in Drosophila melanogaster?","authors":"Jean-Luc Da Lage, Magalie Bonneau, Céline Moreno, Arnaud Le Rouzic","doi":"10.1098/rsob.250411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.250411","url":null,"abstract":"Divergent duplicated gene copies are considered to get new or variant function or regulation through sub- or neofunctionalization. In Drosophila and other flies (Muscomorpha), the alpha-amylase paralogue Amyrel is known to have peculiar enzymological properties compared with the classical enzyme Amy. Yet, its real function in fly biology is unclear. Here, we show that Amyrel and Amy share similar regulation patterns such as sugar downregulation and midgut-specific expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Most regulatory information lies within 500 bp of the upstream sequence, as enhanced green fluorescent protein expression under the Amyrel promoter mimics Amyrel expression quite well. To get an insight into Amyrel function, we knocked out the gene using CRISPR-Cas9. Setting a competition experiment between wild-type (wt) and null alleles over 40 generations, we estimated the selective advantage of the wt to be 2%. However, Amyrel-null mutant lines exhibited no clear defect in several life history traits. Interestingly, while Amyrel had very low expression in young adults, it was significantly upregulated in females aged two months; however, lifespan was not affected. Overall, we were able to document substantial functional and regulatory differences between the Amyrel copy and the regular amylase, and we showed that carrying an Amyrel gene conferred a competitive fitness advantage.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oocyst: knowns and unknowns about the lengthiest life stage of the malaria parasite. 卵囊：已知和未知的疟疾寄生虫最长的生命阶段。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.260009

Alexander J Bailey, Dina Vlachou, George K Christophides

{"title":"Oocyst: knowns and unknowns about the lengthiest life stage of the malaria parasite.","authors":"Alexander J Bailey, Dina Vlachou, George K Christophides","doi":"10.1098/rsob.260009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.260009","url":null,"abstract":"The oocyst is the longest life stage of Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, one of the most persistent and devastating infectious diseases of humankind. Following ingestion during blood feeding, parasites reproduce sexually and traverse the mosquito midgut epithelium to differentiate into oocysts on the basal lamina, where they undergo prolonged development, ultimately giving rise to thousands of sporozoites capable of infecting a new human host. Oocyst formation represents a severe population bottleneck, resulting in the lowest parasite numbers observed across the parasite life cycle. Given its extended duration and pronounced numerical vulnerability, it is striking that the oocyst remains one of the least explored stages of Plasmodium development. Major gaps persist in our understanding of the molecular and cellular processes governing oocyst growth and differentiation, including transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, nutrient acquisition and metabolic remodelling, cell cycle control and interactions with the mosquito immune system and physiology. Recent technological advances and renewed interest in mosquito-stage biology provide an opportunity to dissect these processes at unprecedented resolution. In this review, we synthesize knowledge of oocyst biology, highlight key unresolved questions and discuss how deeper insight into this critical stage could inform the development of next-generation transmission-blocking strategies and accelerate progress towards malaria elimination.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling karyoskeletal dynamics in chromatin organization and gene regulation in haematopoietic cell physiology and pathology. 揭示染色质组织中的核骨骼动力学和造血细胞生理病理中的基因调控。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.260011

Mohd Kamran, Nicolas Nassar, Jose A Cancelas

{"title":"Unveiling karyoskeletal dynamics in chromatin organization and gene regulation in haematopoietic cell physiology and pathology.","authors":"Mohd Kamran, Nicolas Nassar, Jose A Cancelas","doi":"10.1098/rsob.260011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.260011","url":null,"abstract":"Chromatin organization and gene regulation are essential for maintaining homeostatic haematopoiesis, the tightly regulated process by which haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells generate diverse blood lineages. Growing evidence identifies karyoskeletal proteins, particularly nuclear actin and its associated scaffolding networks, as central regulators of nuclear function. These proteins influence transcription through interactions with chromatin-remodelling complexes, shape three-dimensional genome architecture, facilitate DNA repair and modulate polycomb-mediated gene repression, thereby governing blood cell identity and lineage commitment. Dysregulation of nuclear structural proteins contributes to haematological malignancies, including leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. In this review, we synthesize current understanding of how karyoskeletal proteins integrate structural and regulatory roles to control chromatin dynamics and gene expression in the lympho-haematopoietic system. We highlight recent insights into their roles in three-dimensional genome organization, epigenetic regulation, polycomb-dependent repression and stemness in both normal and pathological contexts and discuss how nuclear actin modulates these processes in cancer pathogenesis. Collectively, this review underscores how emerging concepts in nuclear architecture reveal karyoskeletal proteins as pivotal determinants of transcriptional regulation and haematopoietic function.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

tRNA modification landscapes in streptococci: shared losses and clade-specific adaptations. 链球菌中的tRNA修饰景观：共同损失和支系特异性适应。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.250445

Ho-Ching Tiffany Tsui, Chi-Kong Chan, Yifeng Yuan, Roba Elias, Jingjing Sun, Virginie Marchand, Marshall Jaroch, Guangxin Sun, Irfan Manzoor, Ana Kutchuashvili, Grazyna Leszczynska, Kinda Seaton, Yuri Motorin, Kelly Rice, Manal Swairjo, Peter C Dedon, Malcolm E Winkler, Valérie de Crécy-Lagard

{"title":"tRNA modification landscapes in streptococci: shared losses and clade-specific adaptations.","authors":"Ho-Ching Tiffany Tsui, Chi-Kong Chan, Yifeng Yuan, Roba Elias, Jingjing Sun, Virginie Marchand, Marshall Jaroch, Guangxin Sun, Irfan Manzoor, Ana Kutchuashvili, Grazyna Leszczynska, Kinda Seaton, Yuri Motorin, Kelly Rice, Manal Swairjo, Peter C Dedon, Malcolm E Winkler, Valérie de Crécy-Lagard","doi":"10.1098/rsob.250445","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsob.250445","url":null,"abstract":"tRNA modifications are central to bacterial translational control. Here, we integrated genetics, mass spectrometry, epitranscriptomics and comparative genomics to map the tRNA modification genes of the Gram-positive pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Both species show a marked loss of modifications dependent on Fe-S enzymes, consistent with a broader trend of Fe-S enzyme reduction in Streptococcus central metabolism. In addition, the D, m1A, m7G, t6A and i6A modifications were mapped in S. pneumoniae tRNAs, and we confirmed that a unique DusB1 enzyme is responsible for the insertion of all the detectable D modifications. We uncovered differences in queuosine (Q) metabolism: while S. mutans synthesizes Q de novo, S. pneumoniae instead salvages preQ₁ and accumulates the epoxy-Q precursor, a strategy shared with multiple other streptococci as revealed by analysis of Q pathways in 1599 sequenced streptococcal genomes. Comparative essentiality profiling of modification genes revealed notable differences, including the essentiality of the N⁶-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t⁶A) synthesis enzyme TsaE in S. pneumoniae but not in S. mutans, which was confirmed by genetic studies. We found that suppressor mutations in asnS encoding asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (AsnRS) restored viability to ∆tsaE mutants, albeit with reduced growth. Our finding highlights the functional importance of modifications in the recognition of tRNAs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical bone loading effects on morphology and mechanobiology in the coronal suture of Crouzon mice. 机械骨负荷对Crouzon小鼠冠状缝合形态和力学生物学的影响。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.250387

Miranda Steacy, Marius Didziokas, Tengyang Qiu, Damith S Chathuranga, Ce Liang, Ali Alazmani, Dale Moulding, Oliver Gardner, Mehran Moazen, Erwin Pauws

{"title":"Mechanical bone loading effects on morphology and mechanobiology in the coronal suture of Crouzon mice.","authors":"Miranda Steacy, Marius Didziokas, Tengyang Qiu, Damith S Chathuranga, Ce Liang, Ali Alazmani, Dale Moulding, Oliver Gardner, Mehran Moazen, Erwin Pauws","doi":"10.1098/rsob.250387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.250387","url":null,"abstract":"Craniosynostosis is a congenital condition characterized by the premature fusion of the craniofacial sutures. The Crouzon mouse (Fgfr2cC342Y/+) is a well-established model of this condition which shows premature fusion of the coronal suture. Our group has recently shown that postnatal, cyclic loading can potentially rescue the coronal suture and normalize skull morphology in Crouzon mice. This study aimed to investigate the underlying biological mechanism of the treatment. Wild-type (WT) and Crouzon (MUT) mice underwent in vivo loading sessions. Loading did not significantly affect skull shape. The patency across the coronal suture did not change between treated and untreated MUT animals. Orientation and coherence of the coronal suture collagen fibres were statistically different when comparing WT untreated with MUT untreated and WT treated with MUT treated. Treatment increases the number of proliferative cells in both the WT and MUT sutures compared to their untreated counterparts. The mechanobiological mechanisms driving the differences need further investigation into molecular mechanotransduction pathways. Understanding the biological principles affected during bone loading, a more refined cyclical bone loading protocol can be developed and refined for potential clinical use.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-cell-autonomous regulation of testicular stem cell niche homeostasis by the 20S proteasome core particle through cell adhesion and cyclin proteins. 20S蛋白酶体核心颗粒通过细胞粘附和细胞周期蛋白对睾丸干细胞生态位稳态的非细胞自主调节。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.250124

Jiaxin Li, Chenyu Wang, Weiyi Qian, Lei He, Qiuru Huang, Junwei Zhao, Ziyu Cao, Yuqi Huang, Yanting Wang, Xinda Wang, Yuwen Du, Xinyang Li, Guyue Zhu, Youran Li, Jun Yu, Xiaofang Tan, Zhiran Li

{"title":"Non-cell-autonomous regulation of testicular stem cell niche homeostasis by the 20S proteasome core particle through cell adhesion and cyclin proteins.","authors":"Jiaxin Li, Chenyu Wang, Weiyi Qian, Lei He, Qiuru Huang, Junwei Zhao, Ziyu Cao, Yuqi Huang, Yanting Wang, Xinda Wang, Yuwen Du, Xinyang Li, Guyue Zhu, Youran Li, Jun Yu, Xiaofang Tan, Zhiran Li","doi":"10.1098/rsob.250124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.250124","url":null,"abstract":"The Drosophila stem cell niche harbours two principal stem cell populations: germline stem cells (GSCs) and cyst stem cells (CySCs), whose self-renewal and differentiation are stringently governed by niche-derived regulatory factors. Nevertheless, the mechanistic role of the 20S core particle (CP)-the catalytic core of the 26S proteasome-within this niche remains poorly elucidated. In this study, we reveal that three 20S CP subunits, Prosα5, Prosβ2 and Prosβ5, mediate non-cell autonomous effects in the niche. Loss of function of Prosα5, Prosβ2 or Prosβ5 in cyst cells disrupts CySC differentiation, impairs early-stage germline differentiation and culminates in testicular dysgenesis, aberrant GSC-like cluster formation and male sterility. Moreover, we establish that diminished levels of these proteasome subunits trigger the accumulation of cell adhesion molecules and Cyclin proteins. Collectively, our findings offer novel insights into the regulatory functions of the 20S CP within the Drosophila testicular stem cell niche.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal cnidocyte specialization in a sea anemone. 表观基因组学和转录组学分析揭示了海葵中刺胞细胞的特化。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.250434

Itamar Kozlovski, Adrian Jaimes-Becerra, Daria Aleshkina, Matan Levy, Yehu Moran

{"title":"Epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal cnidocyte specialization in a sea anemone.","authors":"Itamar Kozlovski, Adrian Jaimes-Becerra, Daria Aleshkina, Matan Levy, Yehu Moran","doi":"10.1098/rsob.250434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.250434","url":null,"abstract":"Cnidarians, including corals, hydras, jellyfish and sea anemones, possess specialized stinging cells called cnidocytes that function in prey capture and defense. These cells represent a striking evolutionary innovation and produce distinct types of organelles such as venom-injecting nematocysts and mechanically entangling spirocysts. While their biomechanics and transcriptional regulation have been studied extensively, little is known about their epigenetic regulation. Here, we combined epigenetic profiling with RNA sequencing in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis to explore regulatory programs underlying cnidocyte diversity. We identified cell-type-specific H3K27ac-marked regulatory elements in promoter-proximal and distal regions and linked them to distinct gene expression programs. This analysis revealed fundamental differences between nematocytes and spirocytes and uncovered a previously unrecognized nematocyte population that expresses the Nep3 toxin but lacks most other toxins. These findings highlight the complexity of cnidocyte regulation and suggest greater cellular diversity within this defining cnidarian cell type than previously appreciated.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pre-cheliceral region patterning in a spider provides new insights into the development and evolution of arthropod neurosecretory centres. 蜘蛛的化学前区域模式为节肢动物神经分泌中心的发展和进化提供了新的见解。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.250428

Amber Harper, Lauren Sumner-Rooney, Ralf Janssen, Alistair P McGregor

{"title":"Pre-cheliceral region patterning in a spider provides new insights into the development and evolution of arthropod neurosecretory centres.","authors":"Amber Harper, Lauren Sumner-Rooney, Ralf Janssen, Alistair P McGregor","doi":"10.1098/rsob.250428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.250428","url":null,"abstract":"Comparing head development among arthropods has helped identify ancestral aspects of brain patterning and structure in animals more generally. Most understanding of arthropod head patterning has been learned from insects and the myriapod Strigamia maritima. Chelicerates represent an outgroup to mandibulate arthropods and can provide a valuable perspective to arthropod evolution and development. We assayed the expression of key markers of head patterning and neurosecretory centres from mandibulates in the pre-cheliceral region of embryos of the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. We found that, like mandibulates, this spider likely has a pars intercerebralis, marked by six3.2 and visual system homeobox/chx. We also found some evidence for another neurosecretory centre, the pars lateralis, marked by six3.2 and fasciclin 2. Furthermore, we identified anterior-medial cells in the spider pre-cheliceral region that express six3.2, foxQ2 and collier1, suggesting they may be pioneer neurons. However, these spider cells do not appear to be equivalent to the central pioneer neuronal cells identified in S. maritima because they lack expression of other key markers. Taken together, our study of spider pre-cheliceral region patterning adds a new chelicerate perspective to understanding the development and evolution of the arthropod head.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autophagy in the arms race: how pathogen effectors rewire immunity in plants. 军备竞赛中的自噬：病原体效应物如何在植物中重新连接免疫。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.250446

Enoch Lok Him Yuen, Tolga O Bozkurt

{"title":"Autophagy in the arms race: how pathogen effectors rewire immunity in plants.","authors":"Enoch Lok Him Yuen, Tolga O Bozkurt","doi":"10.1098/rsob.250446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.250446","url":null,"abstract":"Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved recycling process that underpins cellular homeostasis and stress resilience in eukaryotes. In the context of plant-pathogen interactions, autophagy has emerged as a key regulatory hub linking immunity, metabolism and programmed cell death. Recent discoveries reveal that diverse virulence factors, or effectors, from a wide range of pathogens target the host autophagy machinery to manipulate cellular responses for their own benefit. On the one hand, selective autophagy functions as a critical component of plant immunity by directly eliminating intracellular pathogens and pathogen-derived molecules, while also degrading negative regulators of immune pathways, thereby strengthening host defences. On the other hand, many pathogens subvert autophagic processes through their effector arsenal: some suppress autophagic degradation to evade immune clearance or maintain host cell viability, whereas others hijack autophagic membranes and signalling components to promote replication and nutrient acquisition. Together, these findings establish autophagy as a central battleground in the molecular arms race between plants and their pathogens. Understanding how effector-autophagy interfaces shape infection outcomes will be critical for engineering disease resistance and for redefining the multifaceted roles of autophagy in plant immunity.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0