Open Life Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Application potential of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in agriculture: biodegradation, plant growth promotion, and alleviation of biotic and abiotic stresses.","authors":"Dan Liu, Baofeng Zhang, Min Liu, Xiaomei Song, Jingsheng Chen","doi":"10.1515/biol-2025-1304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, a Gram-negative bacterium with a long history of research and diverse applications, has attracted increasing interest in the agricultural field in recent years. This review explores the ability of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains to degrade various pollutants, such as pesticides, veterinary drugs, biological toxins, exogenous contaminants, and agricultural wastes (e.g., herbicide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dyes, cellulose, and lignin). In addition to its ability to promote plant growth via mineral solubilization, phytohormone production, and nitrogen fixation, <i>K. pneumoniae</i> helps plants mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses through the production of antagonistic substances and the induction of systemic resistance or tolerance. Given these multifunctional capabilities, its considerable promise for use in biofertilization, bioremediation, and biocontrol is increasingly recognized, and with further research, <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> is expected to play a more prominent role in sustainable agricultural production.</p>","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"20251304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower serum uric acid levels as a risk factor for depression in prodromal Parkinson's disease: a cohort study.","authors":"Keke Liang, Yetong Ouyang, Bingyu Li, Tao Li, Jun Tan, Chenxi Shuai, Xiaohui Tang, Zhilin Chen, Zhexue Huang, Xiaoshun Tang, Jiayi Jin, Qian Liang, Zhengchen Li, Qing-Ran Bai, Xijin Wang","doi":"10.1515/biol-2025-1309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression, as an important prodromal non-motor manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD), its early predictive indicators remain unclear. Although cross-sectional studies suggest an association between serum uric acid (UA) levels and depression in PD, longitudinal evidence in the prodromal period is lacking. This study innovatively conducted a 5-year longitudinal study in a population with prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD), revealing for the first time the longitudinal association between serum UA levels and the development of depression. At baseline, we selected 460 pPD patients from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. Eventually, 61 participants completed a 5-year longitudinal study with annual assessments. Predictor variables were selected through univariate Cox analysis and LASSO regression, with multivariate Cox regression models employed to assess the independent association between serum UA levels and incident depression in the pPD cohort. At baseline, 18.9 % of pPD patients developed depression, and the cumulative incidence rates of depression during the 5-year follow-up period were 34.43 %, 49.18 %, 57.38 %, 62.30 % and 63.93 %, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusted for covariates including sex and age, identified a higher Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part I (MDS-UPDRS I) score (HR = 1.177, 95 % CI 1.093-1.267, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and lower serum UA levels (HR = 0.776, 95 % CI 0.619-0.974, <i>P</i> = 0.029) as independent risk factors for incident depression in the pPD cohort. Our study shows that lower serum UA levels can independently predict the risk of depression in pPD, providing a new biomarker for the early identification of high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"20251309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>B2M</i> drives PD-1 inhibitor resistance in DLBCL through independent dual immune escape mechanisms.","authors":"Ying Liu, Xiao Xu, Chengtian Li, Shangdong Mou, Feifei Wang, Zhongqiang Yao, Qingjuan Chen","doi":"10.1515/biol-2025-1226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate promising therapeutic potential in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, a subset of DLBCL patients exhibits primary or acquired resistance to PD-1 blockade. This study investigated the mechanistic role of β2-microglobulin (<i>B2M</i>) mutations in modulating PD-L1 expression and their contribution to ICI resistance in DLBCL. The association between <i>B2M</i> mutations and PD-L1 expression in DLBCL patient samples was analyzed via immunohistochemistry. A <i>B2M</i>-knockout DLBCL cell line model was established, followed by evaluation of PD-L1 and MHC-I expression changes through qRT-PCR, western blot, and flow cytometry. <i>T</i> cell activation (CD69/CD25 markers) and cytotoxic activity (lactate dehydrogenase release) were assessed in PBMC co-culture experiments. Mechanistic studies employing MHC-I inhibitors and IFN-<i>γ</i> stimulation were conducted to dissect the regulatory relationship between MHC-I and PD-L1. Co-culture systems with PD-1 blockade was performed to validate the impact of <i>B2M</i> on PD-1 inhibitor resistance. The results demonstrated that <i>B2M</i> knockout significantly downregulated both PD-L1 mRNA and protein levels, concomitant with impaired MHC-I complex assembly and reduced TAP1/2 expression. <i>B2M</i>-deficient cells failed to activate CD8+ <i>T</i> cells, evidenced by diminished CD69⁺/CD25⁺ surface expression and reduced cytotoxic efficiency. Notably, <i>B2M</i> ablation abolished IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 upregulation (<i>p</i> < 0.05), demonstrating that intact MHC-I functionality is a prerequisite for PD-L1 expression. Further co-culture systems with PD-1 blockade validated the functional roles of MHC-I and PD-L1 in modulating PD-1 inhibitor resistance mediated by <i>B2M</i>. In conclusion, this work indicated that <i>B2M</i> mutations synergistically drive DLBCL resistance to PD-1 inhibitors through dual mechanisms-suppressing PD-L1 expression and completely disabling antigen presentation. The study highlights that combined strategies restoring MHC-I expression and targeting PD-L1 may overcome immunotherapy resistance, offering a novel direction for precision therapy in DLBCL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"20251226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA-binding protein ELAVL1 modulates WDR36 to inhibit p53 pathway and reduce calcium overload in retinal cells under acute pressure elevation.","authors":"QingFeng Meng, BaoLi Ning, WenXiong Chen, JingJing Zhang, Jun Fu","doi":"10.1515/biol-2025-1279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss involves p53 activation and calcium overload. The role of RNA-binding proteins like ELAVL1 in this process remains unclear. We investigated whether ELAVL1 protects retinal cells by post-transcriptionally regulating WD Repeat Domain 36 (WDR36). <i>In vitro</i> stress was modeled using oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in R28 retinal precursor cells. <i>In vivo</i> acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation was induced in mice. We modulated gene expression with siRNA, plasmids, or AAV vectors, assessing cell death, calcium levels, and protein markers. OGD/R downregulated ELAVL1 and WDR36 protein, but not WDR36 mRNA. ELAVL1 bound WDR36 mRNA and promoted its protein translation. Overexpression of either ELAVL1 or WDR36 reduced OGD/R-induced cell death, calcium overload, and p53 pathway activation. Crucially, WDR36 knockdown abolished ELAVL1's protective effects <i>in vitro</i>. <i>In vivo</i>, AAV-mediated ELAVL1 overexpression mitigated IOP-induced retinal damage and apoptosis, which was reversed by co-knockdown of WDR36. The ELAVL1-WDR36 axis is a critical post-transcriptional mechanism that promotes retinal cell survival under acute pressure-ischemia stress by inhibiting p53 activation and calcium overload, highlighting its therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"20251279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KRT16 and APOA1: key regulators of proliferation and lipid metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"MeiE Yu, Ling Zhu, YingXiao Wu, MengLing Li, QiongYing Wei","doi":"10.1515/biol-2025-1291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to analyze the biological function of KRT16 and its interaction mechanism with apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). KRT16 expression and prognostic value in NSCLC were analyzed using the TCGA, GEPIA, and STRING databases. Functional impacts were assessed in A549 cells transfected with shKRT16 or APOA1 overexpression vectors. Gene/protein expression (RT-qPCR, Western blot), proliferation (MTT, EdU), cell cycle/apoptosis (flow cytometry), migration/invasion (Transwell), and lipid droplet accumulation (Oil Red O, Nile Red staining) were evaluated. The KRT16-APOA1 interaction was verified by co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and GST pull-down assays. In NSCLC, KRT16 was up-regulated, and its high levels were associated with advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. KRT16 levels were significantly elevated in patients aged 21-40 and were associated with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection. Knockdown of KRT16 or overexpression of APOA1 inhibited proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, promoted apoptosis, and reduced the accumulation of lipid droplet in A549 cells. KRT16 promoted NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and lipid droplet accumulation by directly interacting with APOA1. KRT16 is highly expressed in NSCLC and regulates the malignant behaviors of NSCLC cells by interacting with APOA1.</p>","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"20251291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity characterization and key pathogenic genes screening based on diabetic nephropathy microenvironment.","authors":"Miao Tan, Jingjing Xue, Jinchuan Tan, Meifang Ren, Qian Zhang, Suzhi Chen, Ruijing Song, Yuhan Nui, Yicong Zhao, Yongzhang Li, Fengwen Yang","doi":"10.1515/biol-2025-1273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1273","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The inflammatory response is a direct factor leading to changes in the microenvironment of renal tissues. The immune cells and stromal cells infiltration were the essential characteristics of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Based on the differentiation of the microenvironment, describing the heterogeneity of DN may provide a new approach to explore the mechanisms of disease progression. This study was aimed to classify DN samples based on the infiltration levels of immune cells and stromal cells, describe the microenvironment heterogeneity of DN samples, explore the potential mechanisms of phenotypic differentiation, screen key pathogenic genes, construct a quantitative scoring model to describe the microenvironment, and investigate the role of key pathogenic genes of DN. We downloaded RNA sequencing datasets of DN tissue and normal kidney tissue (GSE142025 and GSE96804) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The RNA sequencing data was transformed into immune cell and stromal cell infiltration data using the xCell algorithm. Ward's method was used for consensus clustering to identify different phenotypes of DN. We screened out the key pathogenic genes associated with phenotypes, and established a scoring model through principal component analysis which was tested the reliability and accuracy in the training cohort and the validation cohort. We explored the influence of key pathogenic genes on the biological behavior of human mesangial cells. Based on the heterogeneity of the diabetic nephropathy (DN) microenvironment, this study identified 15 key pathogenic genes: FN1, EGR1, TPM1, CCND2, COL1A2, TGFB2, COL6A3, ITGA11, ABCC9, THBS2, TNC, COL3A1, C7, C1QC, and ITGB6. The PCA score constructed from these genes (i.e., their first principal component, PC1) demonstrated good efficacy in distinguishing normal samples from DN samples (AUC = 0.90, 95 % CI [0.82-0.97]), differentiating DN subtypes with distinct microenvironments (AUC = 0.99, 95 % CI [0.97-1.00]), and stratifying DN samples at different disease stages. This score showed significant positive correlations with immune score (r = 0.75, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 1.6e-7) and stromal score (r = 0.96, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 2.2e-16). Under high-glucose stimulation, the protein and mRNA expression of ABCC9 in mesangial cells increased over time. Knockdown of ABCC9 partially counteracted the high glucose-induced increase in apoptosis and enhancement of migration in mesangial cells. In an external validation cohort, both the PCA score (AUC = 0.91 for distinguishing normal from DN; AUC = 0.95 for differentiating DN subtypes) and ABCC9 expression (AUC = 0.93 for distinguishing normal from DN; AUC = 0.90 for distinguishing early from advanced DN) further confirmed their association with the DN microenvironment and disease progression. FN1, EGR1, TPM1, CCND2, COL1A2, TGFB2, COL6A3, ITGA11, ABCC9, THBS2, TNC, COL3A1, C7, C1QC, and ITGB6 are potential key pathogenic genes in DN. The PCA score constructed based on these ge","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"20251273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AUDA suppresses apoptosis of HCAECs induced by TNF and serum of Kawasaki disease patients by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.","authors":"Na Dai, Qiaoling Wu, Jin Wang, Li Li","doi":"10.1515/biol-2025-1254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute autoimmune vasculitis and the most common cause of acute vasculitis and acquired heart disease in children. 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-dodecanoic acid (AUDA) was identified as a potential therapeutic drug for KD, although its mechanism remained unclear. HCAECs were treated with TNF and serum from patients with KD to construct a KD cell model. CCK8, Elisa, and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cell function, and western blot was used to detect target proteins. TNF and KD serum induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis in HCAECs. AUDA alleviated ERS and apoptosis induced by TNF or KD serum, as well as the inhibition of cell viability. Mechanistically, STAT1 transcription enhancer (2-NP) 2-NP inhibited the promoting effect of AUDA on cell proliferation and blocked the inhibitory effect of AUDA on ERS in TNF or KD serum-treated HCAECs. AUDA inhibits TNF and KD serum-induced ERS and apoptosis. This study improves our understanding of the pathogenesis of KD and provides a potential theoretical basis for its treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"20251254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in gut microbiota before and after treatment in patients with primary hypothyroidism.","authors":"Qian Xu, JiaSheng Ju, Xiang Han, YaPing Gu, JiaYun Li, HaiBing Ju","doi":"10.1515/biol-2025-1307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to analyze the differences in gut microbiota of patients with primary hypothyroidism before and after treatment and their correlations with clinical indicators. A total of 20 newly diagnosed primary hypothyroidism patients were selected for the study. These patients were treated with levothyroxine sodium (L-T4) for 12 weeks, and fecal samples were collected before and after treatment. Concurrently, fecal samples from 20 healthy controls were also collected. High-throughput 16sRNA sequencing was conducted to analyze the composition of gut microbiota in each group. At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased in patients with primary hypothyroidism. After treatment, the abundance of Bacteroidetes increased, while the abundance of Proteobacteria and Desulfobacterota decreased. At the genus level, the abundance of <i>Bacteroides</i> and <i>Faecalibacterium</i> decreased, while the abundance of <i>Collinsella</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Parabacteroides</i>, and the genus <i>Koalarothia</i> increased. After treatment, the abundance of <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Ruminococcusgnavus</i>, <i>Megamonas</i> and <i>Corrococcus</i> increased, while the abundance of <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>, <i>Agaricus</i>, <i>Ruminococcus torques</i>, <i>Koalarothia</i>, and <i>Blautia</i> decreased. Differential species screening showed 24 different species between the pre-treatment and post-treatment groups. Spearman correlation analysis showed that <i>Streptococcus</i> was positively correlated with TT3, TT4, and FT4, and negatively correlated with AST; <i>R. torques</i> was negatively correlated with TT4 and FT4; Koalarothia was positively correlated with TgAb and TC; <i>Blautia</i> was positively correlated with TPOAb. Patients with primary hypothyroidism exhibit gut microbiota dysbiosis, with a decrease in the abundance of certain short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, which increases after treatment. There is a certain correlation between specific gut microbiota and thyroid function as well as lipid metabolism indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"20251307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin treatment on ET-1, ADMA, and safety efficacy in elderly patients with coronary heart disease combined with hyperlipidemia.","authors":"Ting Xu","doi":"10.1515/biol-2025-1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the effects of treatment with rosuvastatin and atorvastatin on serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) in elderly patients with coronary artery disease combined with hyperlipidemia. The data of 216 elderly patients with coronary artery disease combined with hyperlipidemia received during January 2023-December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the different treatment programs, they were divided into atorvastatin group (<i>n</i> = 108) and rosuvastatin group (<i>n</i> = 108), and then before treatment, after 30d, 60d, 90d and 120d the two groups of patients were compared with the indicators of vascular endothelial function, immune function, blood lipid level, and adverse reactions. Comparison of the indicators of vascular endothelial function, immune function, and lipid level between the two groups of patients before treatment, <i>p</i> > 0.05. After 30d and 60d of treatment, the level of ET-1, ADMA, and visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin) was lower in the rosuvastatin group than in the atorvastatin group, <i>p</i> < 0.05. Immune functions such as cluster of differentiation 4 positive (CD4+)/cluster of differentiation 3 positive (CD3+)/CD4+ and cluster of differentiation 8 positive (CD8+) ratios and other immune functions were higher than those in the atorvastatin group, <i>p</i> < 0.05. Patients in the rosuvastatin group had lower lipid levels such as total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than those in the atorvastatin group, <i>p</i> < 0.05. The incidence of adverse reactions such as loss of appetite, headache, dizziness, fatigue, constipation, etc. in patients in the rosuvastatin group was lower than that in the atorvastatin group, <i>p</i> < 0.05. Rosuvastatin compares favorably with atorvastatin in improving vascular endothelial function, improving immune function, lowering lipid levels, and mitigating adverse effects in elderly patients with coronary artery disease combined with hyperlipidemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"20251223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the tissue-specific distribution of triterpenoid saponins in <i>Panax japonicus</i> var. <i>major</i> based on metabolomics and transcriptomics.","authors":"Ziyue Wang, Yue Xu, Yuze Li, Dongdong Zhang, Xiaomei Song, Wenli Huang","doi":"10.1515/biol-2025-1300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Panax japonicus</i> C. A. Mey. var. <i>major</i> (Burk.) C. Y. Wu et K. M. Feng is an essential medicinal plant in the genus <i>Panax</i> of the family Araliaceae. Research on the triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis pathway in <i>P. japonicus</i> var. <i>major</i> is currently limited. This study employed widely targeted metabolomics technology based on UPLC-MS/MS to detect 384 metabolites in the rhizomes, internodes, leaves, petioles, and stems of <i>P. japonicus</i> var. <i>major</i>. Triterpenoid saponins exhibited tissue-specific accumulation: the underground parts mostly contained oleanane-type saponins. In contrast, the aboveground parts mostly contained dammarane-type saponins. Transcriptome sequencing of rhizomes and leaves in <i>P. japonicus</i> var. <i>major</i> identified 26,988 differentially expressed genes and 87 key enzyme genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis. β-AS was remarkably upregulated in rhizomes, confirming the specific accumulation of oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins in underground rhizomes, which was corroborated by metabolomic data. This study reveals the tissue-specific regulatory characteristics of oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis, laying a theoretical foundation for further research on related metabolic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"20251300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}