To explore the relationship between endometrial hyperemia and polycystic ovary syndrome.

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics and etiology of endometrial hyperemia in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) through two complementary approaches: clinical data analysis to characterize endometrial hyperemia and clinical trials to elucidate its underlying causes. ELISA was employed to quantify inflammatory mediators in endometrial tissue, while reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analyses were conducted to assess the expression levels of molecules associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Additionally, RT-qPCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, and EPO. Compared with non-PCOS patients, those with PCOS exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of chronic endometritis (CE) (P < 0.05) along with increased levels of inflammatory factors (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, and EPO, as well as ERS-related molecules, were significantly elevated in PCOS patients (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that women with PCOS are more likely to suffer from CE and that endometrial hyperemia is the primary manifestation of CE in these patients. The results further suggest that endometrial hypoxia-induced ERS may contribute to the development of endometrial hyperemia in PCOS patients.