{"title":"Recent Advances in Biomaterials for the Treatment of Bone Defects.","authors":"Le-Yi Zhang, Qing Bi, Chen Zhao, Jin-Yang Chen, Mao-Hua Cai, Xiao-Yi Chen","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2020.1808428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2020.1808428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone defects or fractures generally heal in the absence of major interventions due to the high regenerative capacity of bone tissue. However, in situations of severe/large bone defects, these orchestrated regeneration mechanisms are impaired. With advances in modern medicine, natural and synthetic bio-scaffolds from bioceramics and polymers that support bone growth have emerged and gained intense research interest. In particular, scaffolds that recapitulate the molecular cues of extracellular signals, particularly growth factors, offer potential as therapeutic bone biomaterials. The current challenges for these therapies include the ability to engineer materials that mimic the biological and mechanical properties of the real bone tissue matrix, whilst simultaneously supporting bone vascularization. In this review, we discuss the very recent innovative strategies in bone biomaterial technology, including those of endogenous biomaterials and cell/drug delivery systems that promote bone regeneration. We present our understanding of their current value and efficacy, and the future perspectives for bone regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2020.1808428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38268347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differentiation of Human Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cells into Functional Hepatocyte-like Cells.","authors":"Rui Liang, Zhiqiang Wang, Xiangyang Kong, Xiaoxiao Xiao, Tianxing Chen, Hui Yang, Ying Li, Xingqi Zhao","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2020.1848237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2020.1848237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stem cell and tissue engineering-based therapies for acute liver failure (ALF) have been limited by the lack of an optimal cell source. We aimed to determine the suitability of human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (hPESCs) for the development of strategies to treat ALF. We studied the ability of human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (hPESCs) with high whole-genome SNP homozygosity, which were obtained by natural activation during in vitro fertilization (IVF), to differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells in vitro by monolayer plane orientation. hPESCs were induced on a single-layer flat plate for 21 d in complete medium with the inducers activin A, FGF-4, BMP-2, HGF, OSM, DEX, and B27. Polygonal cell morphology and binuclear cells were observed after 21 d of induction by using an inverted microscope. RT-qPCR results showed that the levels of hepatocyte-specific genes such as AFP, ALB, HNF4a, CYP3A4, SLCO1B3, and ABCC2 significantly increased after induction. Immunocytochemical assay showed CK18 and Hepa expression in the induced cells. Indocyanine green (ICG) staining showed that the cells had the ability to absorb and metabolize dyes. Detection of marker proteins and urea in cell culture supernatants showed that the cells obtained after 21 d of induction had synthetic and secretory functions. The typical ultrastructure of liver cells was observed using TEM after 21 d of induction. The results indicate that naturally activated hPESCs can be induced to differentiate into hepatocellular cells by monolayer planar induction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2020.1848237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38651044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OrganogenesisPub Date : 2020-07-02Epub Date: 2020-07-16DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2020.1790273
Shao-Fei Cheng, Song Wu, Qian-Ping Li, Hong-Yang Sang, Zheng-Yang Fan
{"title":"Airway reconstruction using decellularized aortic xenografts in a dog model.","authors":"Shao-Fei Cheng, Song Wu, Qian-Ping Li, Hong-Yang Sang, Zheng-Yang Fan","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2020.1790273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2020.1790273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tracheal reconstruction after extensive resection remains a challenge in thoracic surgery. Aortic allograft has been proposed to be a potential tracheal substitute. However, clinically, its application is limited for the shortage of autologous aortic segment. Whether xenogeneic aortic biosheets can be used as tracheal substitutes remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the possibility in dog model. The results show that all dogs were survived without airway symptoms at 6 months after tracheal reconstruction with gently decellularized bovine carotid arteries. In the interior of engrafted areas, grafted patch integrated tightly with the residual native tracheal tissues and tracheal defects in the lumen were repaired smoothly without obvious inflammation, granulation, anastomotic leakage, or stenosis. In addition, histological and scanning electron microscopy examination showed that grafted patches were covered with ciliated columnar epithelium similar to epithelium in native trachea, which indicated successfully re-epithelialization of decellularized bovine carotid arteries in dogs. These findings provide preclinical investigation of xenogeneic aortic biosheets in serving as tracheal substitute in a dog model, which proposes that decellularized biosheets of bovine carotid may be a potential material for bioartificial tracheal graft.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2020.1790273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38160388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of Ischemia and Hyperoxygenation on Hair Growth and Cycle.","authors":"Harunosuke Kato, Kahori Kinoshita, Natsumi Saito, Koji Kanayama, Masanori Mori, Natsumi Asahi, Ataru Sunaga, Katsutoshi Yoshizato, Satoshi Itami, Kotaro Yoshimura","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2020.1794271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2020.1794271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alopecia has several causes, but its relationship with ischemia/hypoxia has not yet been investigated in detail. In this study, we studied the changes of hair follicles induced by ischemia and potential effects of normobaric hyperoxygenation (NBO) on the hair cycle and growth. We found that skin ischemia reduced hair growth rate, hair shaft size, and its pigmentation in the anagen phase of mice, which may reflect an aspect of pathophysiology of hair loss (alopecia) and depigmentation (gray/white hairs). Hyperoxygenation increased hair growth rate in organ culture of both human and murine hair follicles. Systemic NBO promoted hair growth in early anagen and mid-anagen, and delayed catagen onset in mice. However, telogen-to-anagen transition was not affected by NBO as far as non-ischemic skin is concerned. The results of this study indicated that the hair follicle is very sensitive to oxygen tension and oxygen tension affects the regulation of hair growth and cycle in vitro and in vivo. It was suggested that systemic NBO can be safely applied for a long period and can be a noninvasive therapeutic approach to alter hair growth and cycle by manipulating the microenvironment of hair follicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2020.1794271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38205861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OrganogenesisPub Date : 2020-07-02Epub Date: 2020-08-15DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2020.1801273
Marlon L Dias, Cíntia M P Batista, Victor J K Secomandi, Alexandre C Silva, Victoria R S Monteiro, Lanuza A Faccioli, Regina C S Goldenberg
{"title":"Surgical Models to Explore Acellular Liver Scaffold Transplantation: Step-by-Step.","authors":"Marlon L Dias, Cíntia M P Batista, Victor J K Secomandi, Alexandre C Silva, Victoria R S Monteiro, Lanuza A Faccioli, Regina C S Goldenberg","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2020.1801273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2020.1801273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acellular liver scaffolds (ALS) have arisen as potential candidates for transplantation. Until now, all reports involving ALS transplantation failed in surgical method descriptions and do not offer support to scientists to reproduce the procedures used in experimental microsurgery to make the results comparable to literature. To overcome the lack of detail information, we described surgical steps details to perform heterotopic and partial orthotopic surgical models to promote ALS transplantation. After preservation and vessel cannulation steps, the liver grafts were decellularized. In addition, <i>ex vivo</i> blood perfusion tests were performed to obtain a successful anticoagulation treatment prior <i>in vivo</i> transplantation. Then, methods of partial liver resection, combination of hand-suture and cuff techniques to complete end-to-end anastomosis between the scaffold and the recipient animal were performed. These procedures which take 30-60 min and were efficient to allow acellular liver scaffold viability and recellularization of different types of cell post-surgery. In conclusion, our methods are practical and simple promising approach that provides the opportunity to investigate ways to achieve sufficient liver function post-transplantation <i>in vivo</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2020.1801273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38268335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OrganogenesisPub Date : 2020-04-02Epub Date: 2020-03-31DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2020.1735239
Xia Wang, Chunman Li, Zeyao Zhu, Li Yuan, Wood Yee Chan, Ou Sha
{"title":"Extracellular Matrix Remodeling During Palate Development.","authors":"Xia Wang, Chunman Li, Zeyao Zhu, Li Yuan, Wood Yee Chan, Ou Sha","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2020.1735239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2020.1735239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The morphogenesis of the mammalian secondary plate is a series of highly dynamic developmental process, including the palate shelves vertical outgrowth, elevation to the horizontal plane and complete fusion in the midline. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins not only form the basic infrastructure for palatal mesenchymal cells to adhere via integrins but also interact with cells to regulate their functions such as proliferation and differentiation. ECM remodeling is essential for palatal outgrowth, expansion, elevation, and fusion. Multiple signaling pathways important for palatogenesis such as FGF, TGF β, BMP, and SHH remodels ECM dynamics. Dysregulation of ECM such as HA synthesis or ECM breakdown enzymes MMPs or ADAMTS causes cleft palate in mouse models. A better understanding of ECM remodeling will contribute to revealing the pathogenesis of cleft palate.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2020.1735239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37790684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Bioengineered Organ Using Biological Acellular Rat Liver Scaffold and Hepatocytes.","authors":"Tanya Debnath, Chandra Shekar Mallarpu, Lakshmi Kiran Chelluri","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2020.1742534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2020.1742534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing demand for organs for transplantation necessitates the development of substitutes to meet the structural and physiological functions. Tissue decellularization and recellularization aids in retaining the three-dimensional integrity, biochemical composition, tissue ultra-structure, and mechanical behavior, which makes them functionally suitable for organ transplantation. Herein, we attempted to rebuild functional liver grafts in small animal model (Wistar rat) with a potential of translation. A soft approach was adopted using 0.1% SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) for decellularization and primary hepatocytes were used as a potential cell source for recellularization. The decellularization process was evaluated and confirmed using histology, DNA content, ultra-structure analysis. The resultant scaffold was re-seeded with the rat hepatocytes and their biocompatibility was assessed by its metabolic functions and gene expression. The structural components of the Extracellular matrix (ECM) (Laminins, Collagen type I, Reticulins) were conserved and the liver cell-specific proteins like CK-18, alpha-fetoprotein, albumin were expressed in the recellularized scaffold. The functionality and metabolic activity of the repopulated scaffold were evident from the albumin and urea production. Expression of Cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), Glucose 6-Phosphatase (G6P), Albumin, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) genes has distinctly confirmed the translational signals after the repopulation process. Our study clearly elucidates that the native extracellular matrix of rat liver can be utilized as a scaffold for effective recellularization for whole organ regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2020.1742534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37896381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OrganogenesisPub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2019.1686295
Takashi Tanaka, R. Tanaka, Yoko Ogawa, Yoshihide Takagi, T. Asakura
{"title":"Development of Small-diameter Polyester Vascular Grafts Coated with Silk Fibroin Sponge","authors":"Takashi Tanaka, R. Tanaka, Yoko Ogawa, Yoshihide Takagi, T. Asakura","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2019.1686295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2019.1686295","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, the demand for functional small-diameter (< 6 mm) artificial vascular grafts has greatly increased due to an increase in the number of patients with vascular heart disease. However, currently, there are no available commercial small-diameter grafts. The objective of this research was to develop a porous silk fibroin (SF)-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) graft with a diameter < 6 mm. The graft was compared with a gelatin-coated PET graft because the latter PET graft with a diameter ~ 6 mm was widely used as a commercial vascular graft. Initially, porous SF was prepared using Glyc as the porogen [termed SF(Glyc)] and the PET grafts were prepared through the double-Raschel knitting method. Subsequently, the degradation of the SF coating was monitored using protease XIV in vitro and was compared with that observed in gelatin-coated PET grafts. Finally, these grafts were also implanted into rats for an in vivo comparison. In degradation experiments, after 7 days, the SF was clearly digested by protease XIV, but the gelatin on the graft was still remained at the outer surface. In implantation experiments in rats, the SF(Glyc)-coated PET graft was rapidly degraded in vivo and remodeling to self-tissues was promoted compared with the gelatin-coated PET graft. Thrombus formation and intimal hyperplasia were observed in the gelatin-coated PET graft; however, such side reactions were not observed in the SF(Glyc)-coated PET graft. Thus, the porous SF(Glyc)-coated PET graft with a small diameter < 6 mm may be useful as a commercial vascular graft.","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2019.1686295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44443539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OrganogenesisPub Date : 2020-01-01Epub Date: 2020-02-15DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2020.1723366
André O Paggiaro, Monica B Mathor, Walcy R Teodoro, Cesár Isaac, Vera L Capelozzi, Rolf Gemperli
{"title":"Evaluation of Radiosterilized Glyercerolated Amniotic Membranes as a Substrate for Cultured Human Epithelial Cells.","authors":"André O Paggiaro, Monica B Mathor, Walcy R Teodoro, Cesár Isaac, Vera L Capelozzi, Rolf Gemperli","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2020.1723366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2020.1723366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human amniotic membrane (HAM) is a biomaterial with biological properties beneficial to tissue repair, serving as a substrate for cell cultivation. Irradiation is used for tissue sterilization, but can damage the HAM structure. The objective of this paper was to construct a skin substitute, composed of human keratinocytes cultured on glycerolated HAMs, and to evaluate the influence radiation on subsequent cell culture growth. Four batches of HAMs were glycerolated, and half of them were radio-sterilzed with 25 kGy. Non-irradiated glycerolated HAM (ni-HAM) and irradiated glycerolated HAM (i-HAM) samples were then de-epithelized and analyzed using optical microscopy (Picrossirius staining), immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Subsequently, keratinocytes were cultured on ni- and i-HAMs, and either immersed or positioned at the air-liquid interface. The basement membranes of the ni-HAM group remained intact following de-epithelialization, whereas the i-HAM group displayed no evidence or remnant presence of these membranes. Concerning the keratinocyte cultures, the ni-HAM substrate promoted the growth of multi-layered and differentiated epithelia. Keratinocytes cultured on i-HAM formed epithelium composed of three layers of stratification and discrete cell differentiation. The glycerolated HAM was compatible with cultured epithelia, demonstrating its potential as a skin substitute. Irradiation at 25 kGy caused structural damage to the amnion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2020.1723366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37648195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OrganogenesisPub Date : 2019-12-06DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2019.1697597
Caroline Kniebs, F. Kreimendahl, M. Köpf, H. Fischer, S. Jockenhoevel, A. Thiebes
{"title":"Influence of Different Cell Types and Sources on Pre-Vascularisation in Fibrin and Agarose–Collagen Gels","authors":"Caroline Kniebs, F. Kreimendahl, M. Köpf, H. Fischer, S. Jockenhoevel, A. Thiebes","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2019.1697597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2019.1697597","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vascularisation is essential for the development of tailored, tissue-engineered organs and tissues due to diffusion limits of nutrients and the lack of the necessary connection to the cardiovascular system. To pre-vascularize, endothelial cells and supporting cells can be embedded in the scaffold to foster an adequate nutrient and oxygen supply after transplantation. This technique is applied for tissue engineering of various tissues, but there have been few studies on the use of different cell types or cells sources. We compare the effect of supporting cells from different sources on vascularisation. Fibrin gels and agarose-collagen hydrogels were used as scaffolds. The supporting cells were primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), human nasal fibroblasts (HNFs), human mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord’s Wharton’s jelly (WJ MSCs), adipose-derived MSCs (AD MSCs) and femoral bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM MSCs). The tissue constructs were incubated for 14 days and analyzed by two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Vascularisation was supported by all cell types, forming branched networks of tubular vascular structures in both hydrogels. In general, fibrin gels present a higher angiogenic promoting environment compared to agarose-collagen hydrogels and fibroblasts show a high angiogenic potential in co-culture with endothelial cells. In agarose-collagen hydrogels, vascular structures supported by AD MSCs were comparable to our HDF control in terms of volume, area and length. BM MSCs formed a homogeneous network of smaller structures in both hydrogels. This study provides data toward understanding the pre-vascularisation properties of different supporting cell types and sources for tissue engineering of different organs and tissues.","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15476278.2019.1697597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46584709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}