Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Retinoblastoma Outcomes Based on the 8th Edition American Joint Committee on Cancer Pathological Classification in 1411 Patients.","authors":"Vijitha S Vempuluru, Carol L Shields, Jesse L Berry, Swathi Kaliki","doi":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.08.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.08.037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the outcomes of retinoblastoma (RB) based on the 8^th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) pathological classification in a global cohort of patients.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective, multicenter, intercontinental, collaborative study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 1411 patients.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Primary enucleation with or without adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Orbital tumor recurrence, tumor-related metastasis, and tumor-related death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the 8^th edition AJCC pathological classification, 645 eyes (46%) belonged to pathological T (pT)1, 164 (11%) to pT2, 493 (35%) to pT3, and 109 (8%) to pT4 categories. At a mean follow-up of 38 months (median, 35 months; < 1-149 months), orbital tumor recurrence was seen in 8 (1%), 5 (3%), 22 (4%), and 25 (23%) of pT1, pT2, pT3, and pT4 (P < 0.001) categories, respectively; tumor-related metastasis was seen in 7 (1%), 5 (3%), 40 (8%), and 46 (43%) of pT1, pT2, pT3, and pT4 (P < 0.001) categories, respectively; tumor-related death was seen in 12 (2%), 7 (4%), 64 (13%), and 64 (59%) of pT1, pT2, pT3, and pT4 (P < 0.001) categories, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis of outcomes revealed pT category and adjuvant therapy as independent predictors of outcomes. Categories pT3b (P = 0.005), pT3c (P < 0.001), pT3d (P < 0.001), and pT4 (P < 0.001) had a greater hazard for orbital recurrence; categories pT2a (P = 0.015), pT3a (P < 0.001), pT3b (P < 0.001), pT3c (P < 0.001), pT3d (P < 0.001), and pT4 (P < 0.001) had a greater hazard for tumor-related metastasis; and categories pT2a (P = 0.068), pT2b (P = 0.004), pT3a (P < 0.001), pT3b (P < 0.001), pT3c (P < 0.001), pT3d (P < 0.001), and pT4 (P < 0.001) had a greater hazard for tumor-related death when compared with the pT1 category. Patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy had greater hazards of orbital tumor recurrence in categories pT3b (P = 0.005), pT3c (P = 0.003), and pT4 (P = 0.002); greater hazards of tumor-related metastasis in categories pT3a (P = 0.001), pT3b (P = 0.01), pT3c (P = 0.001), and pT4 (P = 0.007); and tumor-related death in categories pT3a (P < 0.001), pT3b (P = 0.009), pT3c (P = 0.018), and pT4 (P < 0.001) when compared with those who received adjuvant therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 8^th edition AJCC pathological classification predicts outcomes in patients undergoing primary enucleation for RB, and adjuvant therapy is associated with a lower risk of orbital recurrence, tumor-related metastasis, and tumor-related death in the pT3 and pT4 categories.</p><p><strong>Financial disclosure(s): </strong>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":19533,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: Chauhan et al.: Association of primary open-angle glaucoma with diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a large global database study. (Ophthalmology. 2024;131:827–835)","authors":"Flora Lum MD","doi":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19533,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology","volume":"131 11","pages":"Page e47"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early versus Delayed Timing of Primary Repair after Open-Globe Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"David McMaster, James Bapty, Lana Bush, Giuseppe Serra, Theo Kempapidis, Scott F McClellan, Fasika A Woreta, Grant A Justin, Rupesh Agrawal, Annette K Hoskin, Kara Cavuoto, James Leong, Andrés Rousselot Ascarza, John Cason, Kyle E Miller, Matthew C Caldwell, William G Gensheimer, Tom H Williamson, Felipe Dhawahir-Scala, Peter Shah, Andrew Coombes, Gangadhara Sundar, Robert A Mazzoli, Malcolm Woodcock, Stephanie L Watson, Ferenc Kuhn, Marcus Colyer, Renata S M Gomes, Richard J Blanch","doi":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.08.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.08.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Topic: </strong>The timing of primary repair of open-globe injury is variable in major trauma centers worldwide, and consensus on optimal timing is lacking.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Surgery is the mainstay of open-globe injury management, and appropriate timing of surgical repair may minimize the risk of potentially blinding complications such as endophthalmitis, thereby optimizing visual outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews identifier, CRD42023442972). The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, and ISRCTN registries and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception through October 29, 2023. Prospective and retrospective nonrandomized studies of patients with open-globe injury with a minimum of 1 month of follow-up after primary repair were included. Primary outcomes included visual acuity at last follow-up and the proportion of patients with endophthalmitis. Certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria, reporting a total of 8497 eyes. The most common injury types were penetrating and intraocular foreign body (IOFB). Meta-analysis found that primary repair less than 24 hours after open-globe injury was associated with 0.30 odds of endophthalmitis compared with primary repair conducted more than 24 hours after trauma (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19-0.79; I² = 95%; P = 0.01). No significant difference was found in reported visual outcomes between patients whose open-globe injuries were repaired more than, compared with less than, 24 hours after trauma (odds ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.61-1.29; I² = 70%; P = 0.52). All included studies were retrospective and nonrandomized, demonstrating an overall low certainty of evidence on GRADE assessment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Only retrospective data exist around the effect of timing of open-globe repair, resulting in low certainty of the available evidence. However, this review of current evidence, predominantly including penetrating and IOFB injuries, suggests that primary repair performed less than 24 hours after open-globe injury is associated with a reduced endophthalmitis rate compared with longer delays, consistent with delay to primary repair increasing endophthalmitis risk.</p><p><strong>Financial disclosure(s): </strong>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":19533,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conjunctival Rolling Technique: A Simple Method to Examine the Upper Fornix by Rolling the Conjunctiva Using Cotton Tip Applicator.","authors":"R Balamurugan, Mansi D Devalla, Divya Sindhuja Pathuri","doi":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.07.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.07.028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19533,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Metformin on Glaucoma Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Jawad Muayad, Asad Loya, Zain S Hussain, Muhammad Z Chauhan, Amer F Alsoudi, Ticiana De Francesco, Iqbal Ike K Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and metformin on the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), ocular hypertension, and the need for first-line glaucoma treatments in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using electronic medical records data from an international electronic health record network, covering a period from May 2006-2024.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Patients with a diagnosis of T2DM who were treated with either GLP-1 receptor agonists or metformin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 120 health care organizations across 17 countries were analyzed. Patient outcomes were assessed at 1, 2, and 3 years. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance covariates such as demographics, comorbidities, and medication use. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Incidence of POAG, ocular hypertension, and the need for first-line treatments including topical drops and laser trabeculoplasty.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After PSM, both groups included 61 998 patients at the 1-year follow-up, 27 414 patients at the 2-year follow-up, and 14 100 patients at the 3-year follow-up. Patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists showed a significantly decreased risk of POAG development compared with those receiving metformin at 1 year (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.88), 2 years (RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.32-0.78), and 3 years (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37-0.94). Similar protective effects were observed for ocular hypertension at 1 year (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31-0.62), 2 years (RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.30-0.62), and 3 years (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.34-0.75). The risk of first-line therapy initiation also was lower in the GLP-1 receptor agonists group at 1 year (RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.53-0.74), 2 years (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59-0.85), and 3 years (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62-0.91).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists are associated with a significantly lower incidence of POAG, ocular hypertension, and the need for first-line glaucoma treatments compared with metformin in patients with T2DM. These findings highlight the potential ocular benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists and their expanding role in the clinical management of patients with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Financial disclosure(s): </strong>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":19533,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"En Breve","authors":"Sandeep Ravindran PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19533,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology","volume":"131 9","pages":"Page e1"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"This Issue at a Glance","authors":"Sandeep Ravindran PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19533,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology","volume":"131 9","pages":"Page 999"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue at a Glance","authors":"Sandeep Ravindran PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19533,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology","volume":"131 9","pages":"Page e2"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease Activity and Therapeutic Response to Pegcetacoplan for Geographic Atrophy Identified by Deep Learning-Based Analysis of OCT.","authors":"Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Julia Mai, Gregor S Reiter, Sophie Riedl, Wolf-Dieter Vogl, Amir Sadeghipour, Alex McKeown, Emma Foos, Lukas Scheibler, Hrvoje Bogunovic","doi":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.08.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To quantify morphological changes of the photoreceptors (PRs) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layers under pegcetacoplan therapy in geographic atrophy (GA) using deep learning-based analysis of OCT images.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Post hoc longitudinal image analysis.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Patients with GA due to age-related macular degeneration from 2 prospective randomized phase III clinical trials (OAKS and DERBY).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Deep learning-based segmentation of RPE loss and PR degeneration, defined as loss of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) layer on OCT, over 24 months.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Change in the mean area of RPE loss and EZ loss over time in the pooled sham arms and the pegcetacoplan monthly (PM)/pegcetacoplan every other month (PEOM) treatment arms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 897 eyes of 897 patients were included. There was a therapeutic reduction of RPE loss growth by 22% and 20% in OAKS and 27% and 21% in DERBY for PM and PEOM compared with sham, respectively, at 24 months. The reduction on the EZ level was significantly higher with 53% and 46% in OAKS and 47% and 46% in DERBY for PM and PEOM compared with sham at 24 months. The baseline EZ-RPE difference had an impact on disease activity and therapeutic response. The therapeutic benefit for RPE loss increased with larger EZ-RPE difference quartiles from 21.9%, 23.1%, and 23.9% to 33.6% for PM versus sham (all P < 0.01) and from 13.6% (P = 0.11), 23.8%, and 23.8% to 20.0% for PEOM versus sham (P < 0.01) in quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, at 24 months. The therapeutic reduction of EZ loss increased from 14.8% (P = 0.09), 33.3%, and 46.6% to 77.8% (P < 0.0001) between PM and sham and from 15.9% (P = 0.08), 33.8%, and 52.0% to 64.9% (P < 0.0001) between PEOM and sham for quartiles 1 to 4 at 24 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Deep learning-based OCT analysis objectively identifies and quantifies PR and RPE degeneration in GA. Reductions in further EZ loss on OCT are even higher than the effect on RPE loss in phase 3 trials of pegcetacoplan treatment. The EZ-RPE difference has a strong impact on disease progression and therapeutic response. Identification of patients with higher EZ-RPE loss difference may become an important criterion for the management of GA secondary to AMD.</p><p><strong>Financial disclosure(s): </strong>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.</p>","PeriodicalId":19533,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiologic Predictors of Visual Outcome in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Related Optic Neuritis.","authors":"Armin Handzic, Jim Shenchu Xie, Nanthaya Tisavipat, Roisin Maire O'Cearbhaill, Deena A Tajfirouz, Kevin D Chodnicki, Eoin P Flanagan, John J Chen, Jonathan Micieli, Edward Margolin","doi":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.08.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers are associated with visual prognosis in myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG)-associated optic neuritis (ON).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Cross-sectional analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Patients meeting 2023 international diagnostic criteria for MOG antibody-associated disease who were seen for first episodes of MOG-associated ON at 3 tertiary neuro-ophthalmology practices between January 2017 and July 2023 were enrolled. Patients who received &lt; 3 months of neuro-ophthalmic follow-up and did not demonstrate visual recovery (visual acuity [VA] ≥ 20/20 and visual field mean deviation [VFMD] &gt; -5.0 dB) during this time were excluded.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Patients underwent contrast-enhanced, fat-suppressed MRI of the brain and orbits within 1 month of symptom onset.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcome measures: &lt;/strong&gt;The associations between radiologic biomarkers and poor VA outcome (&lt; 20/40), incomplete VA recovery (&lt; 20/20), and poor VFMD outcome (VFMD &lt; -5.0 dB) were assessed using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for time from symptom onset to treatment and nadir VA or VFMD. Radiologic biomarkers included length of optic nerve enhancement (&gt; 25% vs. &lt; 25%; &gt; 50% vs. &lt; 50%; and &gt; 75% vs. &lt; 75%); degree of orbital, canalicular, and intracranial or chiasmal optic nerve enhancement (mild vs. moderate to severe compared with the lacrimal gland); and absence versus presence of optic nerve sheath enhancement on baseline T1-weighted MRI.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 129 eyes of 92 patients (median age, 37.0 years [interquartile range, 20.8-51.3 years]; 65.2% female) were included. Poor VA outcome was seen in 6.2% of patients, incomplete VA recovery was seen in 19.4% of patients, and poor VFMD outcome was seen in 16.9% of patients. Compared with eyes with moderate to severe enhancement, eyes with mild orbital optic nerve enhancement were more likely to have poor VA outcome (odds ratio [OR], 8.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.85-51.14; P = 0.009), incomplete VA recovery (OR, 7.31, 95% CI, 2.42-25.47; P = 0.001), and poor VFMD outcome (adjusting for time to treatment: OR, 6.81; 95% CI, 1.85-28.98; P = 0.005; adjusting for nadir VFMD: OR, 11.65; 95% CI, 1.60-240.09; P = 0.04). Lack of optic nerve sheath enhancement additionally was associated with incomplete VA recovery (OR, 3.86; 95% CI, 1.19-12.85; P = 0.02) compared with the presence of enhancement. These associations remained consistent in subgroup logistic regression analysis of MRIs performed before initiation of treatment but were not seen in pairwise analysis of MRIs performed after treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In eyes with first MOG-associated ON episodes, milder enhancement in the orbital optic nerve was associated with poorer VA and visual field recovery. Prospective and mechanistic studies are needed to confirm the prog","PeriodicalId":19533,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}