Optics and Laser Technology最新文献

{"title":"Real-time bilevel algorithm for blade tip clearance and tip timing estimation in aircraft engines","authors":"Gotzon Aldabaldetreku ,&nbsp;Gaizka Durana ,&nbsp;Radoslaw Przysowa ,&nbsp;Josu Amorebieta ,&nbsp;Gorka Zubia ,&nbsp;Joseba Zubia ,&nbsp;Danel Bargiela","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient algorithm is presented for determining the arrival and departure timestamps of rotating blades in aircraft engines using fiber-based optical probes. This approach leverages the bistable characteristics of optical waveforms to optimize a state-level estimator, computing arrival and departure times from mid-level crossings. This eliminates the need for time-consuming signal processing techniques. To validate this method, several bench tests have been conducted on an industrial fan and two different engines. The results demonstrate its suitability for real-time implementation and its effectiveness in estimating blade tip clearance and timing for vibrational analysis, achieving computational times well below 40% of the acquisition times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the process and performance of chitosan-based SWCNT Pre-Dressing-Assisted laser joining of skin tissue","authors":"Jun Huang,&nbsp;Yanyu Li,&nbsp;Mintao Yan,&nbsp;Jingjing Nan,&nbsp;Mingkun Luo,&nbsp;Letian Wang,&nbsp;Kehong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the first barrier against external aggression, the skin’s efficient repair capability is essential for maintaining homeostasis. To address the challenges of prolonged healing periods and high infection susceptibility in deep dermal (Grade III) wounds, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) solder-assisted laser joining technology enhances light absorption in biological tissues. However, this approach risks inducing severe thermal damage. While chitosan matrices promote healing, their inherent limitation lies in insufficient bonding strength. By integrating chitosan with SWCNT solder to assist laser joining of skin tissues, this strategy improves tensile strength at incision sites, stabilizes laser energy absorption, and mitigates thermal damage. In this study, a chitosan-SWCNT pre-dressing was developed to enable precise laser-assisted joining of skin tissue incisions. Results demonstrated that under optimized parameters (laser power: 4.5 W, scanning rate: 260 mm/s, defocus distance: 1 mm), the tensile strength of skin tissues reached 0.540 MPa when using 4 % (w/v) chitosan-SWCNT pre-dressing, representing a 42.1% improvement over prior methods. Concurrently, the thermal denaturation degree was reduced to 0.285, validating the technique’s efficacy in balancing mechanical performance and thermal safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113533"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"K-means sequence extraction for high-dimensional QPSK constellations in a sub-THz photonics-aided 4600-m wireless system","authors":"Chengzhen Bian ,&nbsp;Xianming Zhao ,&nbsp;Bohan Sang ,&nbsp;Xiongwei Yang ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Tianqi Zheng ,&nbsp;Mingxu Wang ,&nbsp;Sheng Hu ,&nbsp;Jiali Chen ,&nbsp;Wen Zhou ,&nbsp;Kaihui Wang ,&nbsp;Jianjun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) has become one of the most widely used modulation techniques in modern communication systems due to its simplicity, robustness, and high spectral efficiency. However, as communication systems scale in complexity, the limitations of traditional QPSK in terms of spectral efficiency and noise resilience have become evident, particularly in high-speed communication environments. This paper proposes a novel time-domain multidimensional QPSK modulation scheme based on K-means sequence extraction to address these limitations. By extending the signal space in the time domain and using the K-means algorithm to extract a subset of constellation points in a multidimensional space, this method increases the Euclidean distance between constellation points, enhancing noise resilience. By combining with polarization multiplexing technology, true polarization-time-domain multidimensional modulation is achieved. It overcomes the limitations of conventional QPSK signals in probabilistic shaping. Unlike probabilistic shaping (PS) and geometric shaping (GS), our approach does not require modifications to the existing digital signal processing (DSP) architecture; it only requires the addition of sequence modulation and demodulation modules. Experimental validation conducted in a 125 GHz photonic-assisted 2 × 2 MIMO 4600-meter wireless system demonstrates that, at the same net data rate, the 100 Gbps KSE-QPSK signal achieves an optical power gain of 0.9 dB compared to conventional QPSK and maintains a bit error rate below the HD-FEC threshold of 4.7 × 10^-3 under high optical power conditions. This scheme shows great potential for high-speed and high-reliability communication systems, including next-generation 5G/6G wireless networks, optical communication systems, and other high-capacity communication applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113591"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the plastic removal behavior of SiC ceramic materials in laser-assisted high-temperature turning","authors":"Di Dai ,&nbsp;Yukui Cai ,&nbsp;Yugang Zhao ,&nbsp;Jawad Aslam ,&nbsp;Yu Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Liang ,&nbsp;Zhanqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigate the mechanisms underlying material removal and address the challenges associated with predicting the material removal rate during laser-assisted high-temperature turning of silicon carbide ceramics. A finite element model is developed to simulate micron-scale material removal under thermo-mechanical coupling during turning, thereby elucidating the differences in removal behavior with and without laser assistance. This analysis informs the refinement of conventional models for material removal rates and supports the development of a predictive mathematical framework for hard and brittle materials experiencing high-temperature softening. The model further enables the computation of the actual material removal rate for SiC when it is in a plastic or near-plastic state. By treating the actual removal rate as the response variable, we employ analyses of variance, residual analysis, three-dimensional response surfaces, and contour maps to evaluate the interactive effects of process parameters-specifically cutting depth, feed rate, rotational speed, and laser power-on the removal rate. Our results indicate that, under specific high-temperature conditions, the inherent hardness and brittleness of SiC are mitigated, transitioning the material removal mechanism from brittle fracture to plastic or near-plastic deformation. Notably, cutting depth and feed rate are identified as the most critical factors, with their interaction exerting a pronounced influence on the removal rate. The prediction error between the estimated and actual values of the removal rate under plastic/near-plastic conditions ranges from 2.06% to 6.92%, thereby underscoring the models accuracy and reliability. Optimally, simultaneously achieving high material removal rates and superior surface quality can be realized by employing larger cutting depths, higher feed rates and laser power, along with lower rotational speeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113566"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatially confined liquid temperature and alcohol concentration sensing based on forward Brillouin scattering in highly nonlinear fiber","authors":"Longxuan Ma,&nbsp;Fei Wang,&nbsp;Tao Deng,&nbsp;Zhengmao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose and experimentally demonstrate a dual-function forward Brillouin scattering (FBS) sensor for liquid temperature and alcohol concentration measurements in spatially constrained environments. The sensor employs a modified Sagnac loop design with a 25-m highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) coiled into compact optical fiber coils as the primary sensing element, enabling efficient utilization of limited test space. This configuration integrates an external polarization controller to facilitate rapid switching between liquid temperature and alcohol concentration detection, thereby supporting dual-functionality operation. By adjusting the curvature of the fiber winding, stronger stress birefringence is introduced, although this modification increases micro-bending loss, it does not significantly compromise the temperature sensing sensitivity while enhancing the alcohol concentration sensing sensitivity. Under identical conditions, the temperature sensing sensitivity of the selected <em>R_{0, 17}</em> mode exceeds that of the <em>TR_{2, 33}</em> mode, making the <em>R_{0, 17}</em> mode the preferred choice for temperature sensing. The frequency shift-temperature coefficients of the <em>R_{0, 17}</em> mode using HNLF coils with a large-radius and small-radius are 73.8 kHz/°C and 72.8 kHz/°C, respectively. When the temperature of the alcohol solution is fixed at 25 °C, the linewidth concentration coefficient for HNLF coils with a large radius is 8.3 kHz/%, whereas that for HNLF coils with a small radius is 19.5 kHz/%. Comparative analysis indicates that the linewidth of the <em>TR_{2, 27}</em> mode, when utilizing HNLF coils with a small radius, exhibits more pronounced variation and is thus suitable for alcohol concentration measurement. Consequently, this dual-function FBS sensing scheme demonstrates significant potential for process monitoring in food and beverage processing, as well as in chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing industries where multi-parameter sensing in confined spaces is required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ghost imaging target classification through deep sequential feature extraction","authors":"Ningbo Liu ,&nbsp;Yuchen He ,&nbsp;Hao Lu ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Huaibin Zheng ,&nbsp;Jianbin Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhuo Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Computational Ghost Imaging (CGI), the bucket signals play a crucial role, as they capture the encoded information about the object, enabling the reconstruction of images even without traditional detectors. By analyzing the bucket signals, it is possible to classify the target using image-free GI. This paper integrates Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks into CGI, leveraging their gated mechanisms to filter noise, capture sequential features, and extract global object-specific information. The proposed method is evaluated through both simulation and physical experiments. Simulation results show a classification accuracy of 91 % at a sampling rate of 5 %. Additionally, we conducted robustness experiments by introducing Gaussian noise to the input data, under which the LSTM model maintained relatively high accuracy compared to baseline methods. Furthermore, physical experiments validate the feasibility of the approach and demonstrate stable classification performance under real-world conditions, confirming its potential for practical low-sampling, image-free recognition applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on surface modification of 4H-SiC wafers induced by nanosecond laser","authors":"Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhu ,&nbsp;Kaiming Yang ,&nbsp;Jiong Zhou ,&nbsp;Jing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to its high hardness, brittleness, and high melting point, high-precision surface processing of silicon carbide (SiC) presents significant challenges. To improve processing efficiency and surface quality, laser-assisted machining techniques have been widely applied in SiC treatment. In this study, ultraviolet nanosecond laser was used to modify the surface of 4H-SiC wafers, and the effects of laser energy density, scanning speed, and step overlap rate on the surface roughness of SiC were investigated. As the laser energy density increases, the silicon content on the SiC surface remains largely unchanged, while the oxygen content rises (25.27 %) and the carbon content decreases. The thickness of the oxide layer also grows, reaching a maximum of approximately 830 nm. Reducing scanning speed and increasing step overlap rate also enhanced the oxygen content on the SiC surface. Comparing the two wafers, the SiC wafer with a larger surface roughness has a thicker oxide layer and higher oxygen content. The nanoindentation test results show that plastic deformation occurred on the SiC surface during laser treatment, leading to a reduction in hardness, which is beneficial for subsequent processes. For the finished wafers, the optimal process parameters are an energy density of 10 J/cm², scanning speed of 350 mm/s, and step overlap rate of 8 %. For the process wafer, the energy density is 8 J/cm², with the other parameters remaining the same. The research results provide experimental support for the improvement of SiC surface quality and subsequent precision manufacturing processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SfP-underwater: Attention-based shape from polarization for underwater scattering environments","authors":"Kaiang Li ,&nbsp;Jiawei Liang ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Wan ,&nbsp;Yuzhen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of underwater optical 3D imaging technology faces significant challenges due to the degradation of image quality caused by water scattering effects. Polarization imaging offers a promising solution for underwater optical 3D imaging by suppressing water scattering and estimating surface normals. We propose an attention-mechanism-based method for shape from polarization in underwater scattering environments (SfP-Underwater). Our approach first leverages a dual-pooling Swin transformer (DPSFormer) encoder to efficiently extract features, followed by a parallel spatial and channel attention fusion module for deep feature fusion. Furthermore, we created an SfP-Underwater dataset with multiple targets in different underwater scattering environments. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art SfP approaches in both texture detail reconstruction and surface normal estimation accuracy. Notably, our method exhibits robust performance across different scattering media, providing a novel and efficient solution for underwater 3D reconstruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113545"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards high-speed laser beam welding of stainless-steel foils using an adjustable ring mode laser beam source","authors":"Tony Weiss ,&nbsp;Paul Hoffmann ,&nbsp;Felix Harst ,&nbsp;Michael F. Zaeh","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser beam micro-welding is the state-of-the-art technology for the joining of stainless-steel foils. Approaches for improvement include a parallel processing with several scanning optics or increasing the welding speed. However, the latter is limited in the achievable welding speed due to the occurrence of process defects, such as undercuts and humping. Recent investigations showed that a more targeted energy input by means of beam shaping, such as a superimposed core-ring intensity distribution, is beneficial to overcome that challenge. Within the scope of this work, welding experiments were conducted on AISI 316L metal foils with a thickness of 80 µm in an overlap configuration using an adjustable ring mode (ARM) laser beam source. The cause-effect relationships between different process parameters when applying a core-only or core-ring intensity distributions and the resulting weld seam properties were investigated. To assess the weld seam quality, surface measurements as well as metallographic cross-sections were used. Consequently, different regions within the analyzed parameter range were identified, including a parameter window for a stable welding process. An additional focus was placed on the influence of the ring laser beam on the formation of undercuts and humping elevations. A welding speed-dependent undercut limit based on the energy density was identified for different core-ring laser power distributions. Following the first evaluations, the process parameters were iteratively adjusted in areas of particular interest, where the limits for the maximum welding speed were to be expected. It was determined that the possible welding speed for a sound weld seam could be increased to approximately 920 mm/s with the additional ring laser beam before undercut occurred. The conducted research lays the foundation for further investigations of different welding strategies to control the energy input to further increase the possible welding speed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical beams with spatially variant coherence properties from an unpolarized laser","authors":"David Marco ,&nbsp;María del Mar Sánchez-López ,&nbsp;Ignacio Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We generate quasi-monochromatic laser beams with engineered, non-uniform transverse spatial coherence properties using an unpolarized helium–neon laser. This is achieved with a static phase modulating device that spatially modulates the laser’s two orthogonal polarization components, followed by a linear polarizer. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that patterned geometric phase elements or programmable liquid-crystal spatial light modulators, combined with a linear polarizer, can effectively control the spatial coherence properties. This technique exploits the nanosecond-timescale variation of the laser’s emitted polarization ellipse, creating configurable non-uniform coherence patterns that maintain their spatial coherence characteristics down to nanosecond temporal windows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113528"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}