Operative dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Bonding Performance of a Bisphenol A-Free Universal Adhesive to Sound and Caries-Affected Dentin.","authors":"C S Garfias, M F De Goes","doi":"10.2341/24-170-L","DOIUrl":"10.2341/24-170-L","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Current universal adhesives exhibit unreliable bonding to caries-affected dentin and release bisphenol A (BPA). This study compares a BPA-free universal adhesive with its predecessor (bisphenol-based) to assess bonding performance and interfacial characteristics on sound and caries-affected dentin.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Two hundred forty human molars were used in this study: 120 with sound dentin and 120 with caries-affected dentin (CAD). The dentin surfaces were prepared and bonded with Scotchbond Universal Plus (SBUP/BPA-free) or Scotchbond Universal (SBU/BPA-containing) using etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etching (SE) modes. Resin-dentin bonded specimens (1 mm2) were stored in water for 24 hours and one year and tested for microtensile bond strength (μTBS). The failure images were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were submitted to three-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α < 0.05). Three additional teeth were prepared for each group for evaluation of adhesive diffusion into dentin by dyeing the adhesives with a fluorochrome (Rhodamine B). After longitudinal sectioning, the generated interfaces were stored for 24 hours and one year, immersed in fluorescein dye and examined under confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM (n = 3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CAD showed μTBS mean values significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than those of sound dentin for all groups at 24 hours. The SE mode on sound dentin showed no signs of degradation or fluorescein infiltration. SBU in the ER mode (CAD) showed the lowest mean μTBS in both storage periods. The ER mode for both adhesives showed exposed collagen fibrils and fluorescein infiltration underneath the hybrid layer of the sound and CAD over time. Although SBUP showed deeper adhesive diffusion into the CAD, no significant difference in μTBS was found between SBUP (ER and SE) and SBUSE after a year of water storage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both the BPA-free and BPA-containing adhesives produced similar short- and long-term μTBS to sound dentin. Bond strengths to CAD varied by material and conditioning mode. Qualitative appearance of SEM images suggests that interfacial diffusion in CAD at 24 hours may be enhanced for the BPA-free adhesive. However, both adhesives exhibited degradation after one year of water storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":19502,"journal":{"name":"Operative dentistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"135-148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148397381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate of Initial Proximal Caries Lesion Progression in High Caries-Risk Adults.","authors":"I Alfarhan, A Faridoun, Q Alomari","doi":"10.2341/24-178-C","DOIUrl":"10.2341/24-178-C","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>In adults, caries lesions develop predominantly on proximal surfaces; however, evidence regarding the rate of proximal caries progression in this population remains limited. A clearer understanding of the progression rate of proximal caries in adults is essential for establishing appropriate radiographic examination intervals and optimizing the timing of operative interventions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the rate of radiographic progression of initial proximal caries lesions and the factors associated with it.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Serial bitewing radiographs from 105 patients, aged 18-61 years, were retrospectively analyzed for the progression of 364 enamel and outer dentin proximal caries lesions. The interval between baseline and follow-up radiographs ranged from six to 72 months. Lesion progression across study variables was summarized using descriptive statistics. A multivariable generalized estimating equation (GEE)-based Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation was performed to identify factors associated with proximal caries progression, including patient-level variables (age, gender, fluoride varnish exposure, plaque score, BOP score, DMFT, and DMFS) and tooth-level variables (jaw, tooth type, surface, and initial lesion depth), while accounting for clustering of lesions within patients and variable follow-up duration (p < 0.05; 95% CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean interval between the initial and follow-up radiographs was 19.9 ± 12.6 months (median = 18 months). Caries progression was observed in approximately one-third of the initial proximal lesions (112 lesions; 30.8%). No lesions progressed from enamel to inner dentin, and only 12 of 43 outer dentin lesions advanced to inner dentin. According to multivariable GEE Poisson regression analysis, maxillary lesions exhibited a higher rate of progression than mandibular lesions (IRR 1.52; 95% CI 1.07 - 2.16), and lesions on distal surfaces demonstrated a higher progression rate than those on mesial surfaces (IRR 1.37; 95% CI 1.01 - 1.85).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rate of proximal caries progression was relatively low. Tooth location (maxillary arch) and distal surfaces were the only significant predictors of lesion progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19502,"journal":{"name":"Operative dentistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"112-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148397408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intracoronal Barrier Location on Bleaching Efficacy and Peroxide Diffusion.","authors":"M M Rodrigues Pereira, Lmb Esteves, Kms Aidar, M de Oliveira Gallinari, C C Pavani, P H Dos Santos, Alf Briso","doi":"10.2341/24-179-L","DOIUrl":"10.2341/24-179-L","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The influence of intracoronal barrier positioning on bleaching effectiveness in different tooth regions and on hydrogen peroxide diffusion remains unclear. This study analyzed how the positioning of the cervical barrier affects chromatic changes in different dental regions and the diffusion of hydrogen peroxide in bovine teeth undergoing internal bleaching.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Eighty bovine incisors were sectioned at the root, at a position 5 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). A 2-mm-thick cervical bleaching barrier was fabricated using resin-modified glass ionomer cement. The teeth were divided into two groups (n = 40) based on the positioning of the cervical barrier: coronal or apical to the CEJ. In the first phase, 40 teeth (n = 20 of each cervical barrier group) were stained with equine blood. Internal bleaching was performed with 60 μL of 35% H2O2 over three sessions at seven-day intervals. Chromatic change and whiteness index were assessed in root, cervical, and incisal regions using a portable spectrophotometer (three-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test). In the second phase, the remaining 40 teeth underwent a 45-minute whitening session and were analyzed for H2O2 diffusion using an enzymatic reaction method between the leucocrystal enzyme and peroxidase. (one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The barrier placed apical to the CEJ showed significantly greater chromatic differences and whitening index than the coronally placed barrier in the root (ΔE00 = 19.79, p = 0.02; ΔWID = 19.69, p < 0.001) and cervical (ΔE00 = 10.05, p = 0.03; ΔWID = 16.08, p = 0.02) regions at 21 days; no significant differences were observed in the incisal region (ΔE00 = 8.17, p = 0.07; ΔWID = 19.09, p = 0.08). Hydrogen peroxide diffusion was significantly higher for the apical barrier than the coronal barrier (2.2 μL vs 1.2 μL, p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chromatic differences in the root and cervical regions depended on cervical barrier position. A barrier apical to the CEJ provided greater bleaching effectiveness in these regions. However, hydrogen peroxide diffusion was also increased when the barrier was positioned apically.</p>","PeriodicalId":19502,"journal":{"name":"Operative dentistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"180-192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148397325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vital Pulp Preservation and Restorative Treatment for Young Permanent Incisors with Complicated Crown-Root Fractures: A Case Report.","authors":"J Liu","doi":"10.2341/25-179-S","DOIUrl":"10.2341/25-179-S","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study reports a case of complicated crown-root fractures of the maxillary central incisors (teeth 8 and 9) in a 10-year-old boy. Vital pulpotomy and iRoot BP Plus capping were performed to protect the pulp. The fractured crown fragments were used to restore the tooth morphology, and the esthetics and function of both central incisors were restored. The roots of the affected teeth continued to develop normally. Twenty-five months after the initial treatment, the patient suffered another trauma, resulting in a second dislodgement of the fractured crown of the left maxillary central incisor. Given the structural integrity of the fractured crown, reattachment was performed again to reshape the tooth, thereby restoring its appearance to the greatest extent possible. After a 40-month follow-up, the esthetics and function of teeth 8 and 9 remained satisfactory. Normal anterior occlusion was established, and the treatment outcome was highly appreciated by the patient and his parents. This case provides clinical detail useful for managing complex crown and root fractures caused by multiple traumas in young permanent teeth, emphasizing the importance of pulp preservation, conservative restoration, and preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19502,"journal":{"name":"Operative dentistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"97-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148397389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Light Curing on the Mechanical Properties and Shade Stability of a Dual-Cure Bulk-Fill Resin Composite.","authors":"H Alzraikat, G A Maghaireh, A Alomari, R B Price","doi":"10.2341/25-131-L","DOIUrl":"10.2341/25-131-L","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Despite the growing use of dual-cure bulk-fill resin composites (RCs), the influence of light-curing protocols on their polymerization and material behavior remains unclear. Understanding these effects is critical for optimizing clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated degree of conversion, flexural strength, flexural modulus, water sorption and solubility, and shade stability of a dual-cure bulk-fill RC, Bulk-EZ Plus (BZ), compared to a light-cured bulk-fill RC, Filtek-One Bulk-Fill (FB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Specimens were randomized into five groups: BZ self-cured (BZ-SC), BZ light-cured for 10-seconds (BZ-10), BZ light-cured for 20-seconds (BZ-20), FB light-cured for 20-seconds (FB-20), and FB light-cured for 40 seconds (FB-40). Degree of conversion was evaluated using FTIR spectroscopy, flexural strength and modulus, and water sorption and solubility were determined following ISO 4049:2019. Shade stability in coffee and distilled water was measured using a spectrophotometer after 24 hours, seven days, and 21 days. Two-way ANOVA assessed the effects of RC type and curing protocol. Shade stability was analyzed using repeated measures and three-way ANOVA (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Light activation increased the flexural modulus of BZ (p = 0.012 and p = 0.001 for BZ-SC vs. BZ-10 and BZ-20, respectively) and flexural strength (p = 0.018 for BZ-SC vs BZ-20), and reduced water sorption (both p < 0.001) and solubility (p = 0.028 for BZ-SC vs. BZ-10 and p = 0.001 for BZ-SC vs BZ-20). Extending light exposure from 20 seconds to 40 seconds did not change the flexural strength and modulus, or water sorption and solubility of FB (all p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Light activation improved the physical and mechanical properties of the dual-cure bulk-fill resin composite (Bulk-EZ Plus), but increasing the light exposure time did not improve the properties of the light-cured bulk-fill material (Filtek-One Bulk-Fill).</p>","PeriodicalId":19502,"journal":{"name":"Operative dentistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"167-179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148397339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface, Colorimetric, and Optical Properties of New-Generation Lithium Disilicate Ceramics.","authors":"C Karaahmetoğlu, N E Özer, N Baysal, E I Oğuz, L Karaağaçlıoğlu","doi":"10.2341/25-110-L","DOIUrl":"10.2341/25-110-L","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Lithium disilicate-based glass-ceramics (LDC) are widely used for esthetic restorations, yet their surface and optical behavior can vary depending on the composition and surface treatment procedure. The purpose of this study was to compare the surface, colorimetric, and optical properties of LDC materials with different compositions after being subjected to polishing or glazing.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Rectangular specimens were prepared by sectioning four compositions of LDC CAD/CAM blocks (IPS e.max CAD [IPS], Amber Mill [AM], Amber Mill Direct [AMD], Initial LiSi [ILS]). Baseline surface roughness (Ra), color, translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), opalescence parameter (OP) and gloss (GU) values were recorded. Each group was divided into two subgroups according to surface treatments, one undergoing glazing and the other polishing, followed by post-treatment measurements (n = 10). Color change (ΔE00) for each group was calculated based on the CIEDE2000 formula. In addition to baseline and final Ra, TP, CR, OP, and GU measurements, the changes in these parameters (ΔRa, ΔTP, ΔCR, ΔOP, and ΔGU) were calculated by subtracting the baseline values from the final values obtained after polishing or glazing. One extra specimen from each group was prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The surface, colorimetric, and optical properties differed significantly based on the type of LDC material and the surface treatment method. The Ra values of IPS, AMD, and ILS decreased significantly after glazing compared to polishing (p = 0.016), which was confirmed by SEM analysis. Both surface treatments significantly reduced Ra values compared with baseline across all material groups (all p ≤ 0.013). Glazing resulted in higher mean ΔE00 values than polishing for IPS (p = 0.011) and ILS (p = 0.0001). For IPS, TP values were lower in the glazed specimens than those that were polished (p = 0.001), whereas the opposite trend was observed for CR values (p = 0.001). Regardless of the LDC material type, glazing produced significantly lower OP values (all p ≤ 0.041) and higher GU values (all p ≤ 0.023) than polishing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surface, colorimetric, and optical properties of LDC materials varied depending on the surface treatment method and material composition. While both surface treatments effectively reduced surface roughness, glazing enhanced surface gloss and opalescence more prominently, but induced material-specific color changes. Glazing also enhanced the translucency of IPS e.max CAD compared to other LDC materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19502,"journal":{"name":"Operative dentistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"149-166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148397323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Charcoal-Based Mouthwashes on Color Change and Surface Roughness of a Stained Resin Composite.","authors":"P Naiboğlu, Zpk Yücel, A Ç Yücel","doi":"10.2341/25-088-L","DOIUrl":"10.2341/25-088-L","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Charcoal-based mouthwashes have recently gained popularity, but current evidence on their effects on the color change (ΔE00) and surface properties of resin composites is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of five charcoal-based mouthwashes on the color change and surface roughness (Ra) of a stained resin composite.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Seventy disc-shaped resin composite specimens (Filtek Z250) were prepared and immersed in coffee for 12 days. The specimens were then randomly distributed into seven groups (n = 10), based on mouthwash used: five charcoal-based mouthwashes (Hello Activated Charcoal Extra Freshening Mouthwash, My Magic Mud Activated Charcoal Alcohol-Free Oral Rinse, Dr. Jones' Naturals Activated Charcoal Mouthwash, The Humble Co. Natural Mouthwash Charcoal, and Colgate Plax White + Charcoal), one hydrogen peroxide-based mouthwash (Crest 3D White), and artificial saliva. Each specimen was immersed in the relevant mouthwash for 60 seconds, rinsed with water for 30 seconds, and then immersed again in a fresh mouthwash solution for 60 seconds to simulate daily mouthwash use. This cycle was repeated to represent 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12 weeks of use. Color measurements were performed at baseline, after staining, and after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12 weeks. Surface roughness was evaluated after staining and after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12 weeks of immersion. The surface morphology of the specimens was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After immersion in coffee, the resin composite exhibited discoloration above the 50:50% acceptability threshold (AT) (ΔE00: 1.8). After 12 weeks of use, only one charcoal-based mouthwash, Colgate Plax White + Charcoal, and Crest 3D White reduced the ΔE00 of the resin composite below the AT, but both showed a significant increase in Ra (p < 0.001) and caused changes in surface morphology of the resin composite. The other charcoal-based mouthwashes did not cause an increase in Ra (p > 0.05) but failed to reduce the ΔE00 of the material below this threshold.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All charcoal-based mouthwashes, except Colgate Plax White + Charcoal, maintained surface integrity but failed to reduce the color change below the AT. The hydrogen peroxide-based mouthwash provided color improvement on the resin composite but led to increased surface roughness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19502,"journal":{"name":"Operative dentistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Endodontic Access and Thermocycling on the Fracture Resistance of CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Anterior Crowns.","authors":"C A Jurado, K I Afrashtehfar, S Mekled, S Abuhammoud, F Floriani, D Vegh","doi":"10.2341/24-144-L","DOIUrl":"10.2341/24-144-L","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Catastrophic failures in lithium disilicate single-unit prostheses in the mandibular anterior region, particularly when subjected to endodontic access for root canal treatment, represent a significant clinical concern. This in vitro study evaluated the fracture resistance of CAD/CAM-fabricated lithium disilicate intact and endodontically accessed crowns, with and without aging through thermocycling.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A mandibular right central incisor typodont was prepared and scanned for CAD/CAM fabrication of a lithium disilicate crown. Eighty crowns were milled, treated, etched, primed, and cemented to printed resin dies. The crowns were divided into eight groups based on endodontic access location (facial, incisal, or lingual) and thermocycling condition (presence or absence). All groups underwent vertical loading until fracture, and fracture resistance was measured. Fractured crowns were analyzed for crack patterns and failure modes using scanning electron microscopy. Two-way ANOVA assessed the effects of access type on fracture resistance, while one-way ANOVAs with Tukey's HSD post hoc tests analyzed fracture resistance across aging conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fracture resistance was significantly affected by endodontic access type and thermocycling (p < 0.001). Non-thermocycled, intact crowns had the highest fracture resistance (1218.0 ± 174.8 N), while thermocycled crowns with incisal access demonstrated the lowest resistance (720.9 ± 98.3 N). Lingual access crowns displayed higher fracture resistance than facial and incisal access crowns, although resistance significantly decreased with thermocycling (p = 0.008). SEM analysis revealed that lingual access crowns visually appeared to exhibit less irregular crack patterns compared to facial and incisal access crowns, which displayed more numerous and irregular crack lines.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Endodontic access reduced fracture resistance; however, thermocycling had a statistically significant effect only in the lingual access group. A conservative lingual access preserved integrity similarly to intact crowns, making it preferable for mandibular restorations. All crowns met minimum clinical fracture resistance standards, suggesting that crown replacement may not be necessary with conservative access designs. Variations between aged and non-aged specimens should be considered when interpreting in vitro data.</p>","PeriodicalId":19502,"journal":{"name":"Operative dentistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"60-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Color Match of Single-Shade and Group-Shade Resin Composites: A Visual and Instrumental Analysis.","authors":"V Checchi, F Cavani, M Vistola, E Forabosco, L Generali, C Del Giovane, U Josic","doi":"10.2341/24-114-L","DOIUrl":"10.2341/24-114-L","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Single-shade materials are favored for simplifying clinical workflows without compromising the esthetics of restorations, although evidence supporting their use remains limited. Therefore, this laboratory evaluated color match of single-shade versus group-shade resin composites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty sound human molars were divided into three subgroups (n = 20), based on the tooth-shade correspondence for the tested group-shade resin composite: L (light) including A1, B1, B2, C1 and D2; M (medium) including A2, A3, C2, D3 and D4, and D (dark) including A3.5, A4, B3, B4, C3 and C4 shaded teeth. Standardized class V cavities (4 × 4 × 2 mm) were prepared. Half of the specimens within each subgroup were restored with single-shade (Omnichroma), while the other half was restored with group-shade resin composite (SimpliShade). Tooth/restoration ΔE00 color differences were calculated at 24 hours (T1), and after seven days (T2) by a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). A visual analysis was performed after 14 days (T3). Also, a novel computer vision algorithm (CVA) analysis, was employed to evaluate color match at three weeks (T4). Student's t-test was used to compare the two groups within each subgroup and time point and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the values between subgroups, within each group and time point.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Instrumental analysis at T1 showed higher mean ΔE00 for single-shade compared to group-shade resin composites (p < 0.05), within each subgroup. Within single-shade specimens, significantly higher mean ΔE00 differences were found at T2 between D (8.24 ± 1.85) vs L (5.65 ± 2.24) (p = 0.007) and M (6.49 ± 2.5) (p = 0.03). Within group-shade specimens, a significant difference was found between L (4.16 ± 2.19) and M (2.17 ± 1.05) at T1 (p = 0.034). Visual analysis reported a significant difference (p = 0.0153) between L-group shade (1.03 ± 1.04) and L-single shade (1.97 ± 0.78) restorations (p = 0.0153). No significant differences were detected when CVA analysis was employed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, group-shade showed better color match than single-shade resin composites, especially when spectrophotometric and visual evaluation were employed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19502,"journal":{"name":"Operative dentistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"36-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Surface Treatment on the Characterization Layer of 3D-Printed and CAD/CAM Resin Composite Materials.","authors":"Nmf Gonçalves, Jrcs Siqueira, R N Tango, M A Bottino, N C Ramos","doi":"10.2341/25-050-L","DOIUrl":"10.2341/25-050-L","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The mechanical action of toothbrushing can lead to the wear of restorations, and the extrinsic characterization layer applied to enhance their esthetics may also experience degradation over time. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of surface treatments and the durability of this layer in new restorative materials.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of simulated toothbrushing on the optical and mechanical properties of one 3D-printed and two CAD/CAM resin composite materials, considering different surface treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Disks of a 3D-printed material (VarseoSmile Crownplus) and two CAD/CAM resin composite materials (Grandio Blocs and Vita Enamic) were divided into three groups (n = 10) based on surface treatment: control (no treatment after polishing), self-etching primer (Monobond Etch & Prime [MEP]), and hydrofluoric acid with silane. A pigment layer followed by glaze was applied to the surface, which was then evaluated for roughness, color, translucency, and gloss. Specimens were subjected to 3,650, 18,250, and 36,500 cycles of simulated toothbrushing, with measurements taken after each interval. Surface characteristics were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Translucency and color difference data were subjected to Two-Factor ANOVA and Tukey's test, while roughness and gloss were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeated measures ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) across the tested factors (time, surface treatment, and their interaction), depending on the material and parameter evaluated. Surface treatment and toothbrushing had a significant impact on roughness, gloss, and translucency (p < 0.05), with varying effects across different materials. Overall, MEP is preferred for VarseoSmile Crownplus, while acid conditioning is most suitable for Grandio Blocs and Vita Enamic. Two-way ANOVA indicated statistically significant differences for color and translucency difference, with higher values after applying the characterization layer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surface treatment played a key role in maintaining the longevity of the characterization layer. Although simulated toothbrushing led to progressive wear, the application of surface treatment before characterization effectively mitigated this degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19502,"journal":{"name":"Operative dentistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"48-59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}