Ophthalmology. Retina最新文献

{"title":"Re: Muayad et al.: Influence of common medications on diabetic macular edema in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Ophthalmol Retina. 2024 Dec 5:S2468-6530(24)00582-7. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2024.12.006. Online ahead of print.).","authors":"Wan-Ju Annabelle Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply.","authors":"Ahmed M Alshaikhsalama, Amer F Alsoudi, Karen M Wai, Euna Koo, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Ehsan Rahimy","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal Vessel Printings in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Exposure.","authors":"Ricardo Luz Leitão Guerra, Gabriel Castilho S Barbosa, Luiz Filipe Lucatto","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal Limiting Membrane Flaps in Macular Hole Surgery: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis.","authors":"Nikolaos Tzoumas, Thomas W McNally, Boon Lin Teh, Michele Zaman, David Yorston, Noemi Lois, Varun Chaudhary, David H Steel","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Topic: </strong>To compare anatomic and visual outcomes of internal limiting membrane (ILM) flaps versus peeling in macular hole surgery, considering hole size, symptom duration, and different flap types.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The benefit of ILM flaps over standard ILM peeling in idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (iFTMHs) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Registered systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing conventional ILM peeling with ILM flaps in adults undergoing primary iFTMH surgery (CRD42023494971). No exclusions based on hole size, symptom duration, or perioperative choices. Searches in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and trial registries. Critical outcomes were hole closure and postoperative visual acuity at 6 months or nearest time point. Regression models adjusted for age, sex, hole size, lens status, and preoperative visual acuity, allowing for nonlinear effects. Evidence was appraised with Cochrane Risk of Bias, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations, and the Instrument to assess the Credibility of Effect Modification in Analyses. Subgroup analyses considered hole size, symptom duration, flap subtypes, tamponade choice, and risk-of-bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen trials provided IPD for 792 eyes. Most (68.3%) had minimum linear diameter ≥500 μm, with limited representation of holes <400 and ≥900 μm. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for primary closure with ILM flap versus peeling was 4.80 (95% confidence interval, 2.77-8.30; P < 0.001), with a relative risk of 1.26 (1.20-1.30) (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations: moderate-certainty), and a number needed to treat of 6. Compared with peeling, the ILM flap group showed better postoperative visual acuity at 3 to 6 months, with a mean difference (MD) of -0.14 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (-0.18 to -0.09; P < 0.001), about 7 letters ETDRS (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations: moderate-certainty). Internal limiting membrane flaps were likely more beneficial for holes ≥500 μm (OR for closure: 3.14-9.64, P < 0.001; MD in vision: -0.23 to -0.13, P < 0.001). Nonlinear analyses suggested probable benefits across a broader range of hole sizes (Instrument to assess the Credibility of Effect Modification in Analyses: moderate-confidence). Results were consistent across risk-of-bias assessments, with no significant differences between ILM flap techniques.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Internal limiting membrane flaps likely improve closure and visual recovery compared with peeling alone in iFTMH, with greater effects likely in holes >500 μm.</p><p><strong>Financial disclosure(s): </strong>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial Functional and Anatomical Outcomes of High-dose Aflibercept 8 mg in Exudative Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration.","authors":"Suraj Bala, Gabriel C S Barbosa, Nitesh Mohan, Sunil K Srivastava, Peter K Kaiser, Ananth Sastry, Amy S Babiuch, Jonathan Sears, Katherine E Talcott, Alex Yuan, Aleksandra Rachitskaya, Justis P Ehlers, Andrew P Schachat, Phoebe Lin, Sumit Sharma, Danny A Mammo","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the short-term outcomes of patients with exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with high-dose aflibercept (HDA) 8.0 mg, focusing on anatomical and functional changes, as well as the feasibility of extending treatment intervals in a clinical practice setting.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective, noncomparative cohort study.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>Two hundred nineteen eyes from 184 patients with nAMD who received ≥3 HDAs between August 2023 and October 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients included in this study were either treatment-naïve or had been previously treated with other anti-VEGF agents. Clinical outcomes, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular OCT parameters, were evaluated at baseline and after each HDA.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The primary outcome was the proportion of eyes able to sustain an 8 ± 1-week or longer treatment interval without anatomical deterioration. The secondary outcomes included anatomical and functional changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average follow-up time was 22.9 ± 4.9 weeks; 209 eyes (95.4%) were previously treated, and 10 eyes (4.6%) were treatment-naïve. After the first 3 injections, 206 eyes (94.1%) received a fourth HDA, and 70 eyes (31.9%) received a fifth HDA. One hundred two eyes (46.6%) of the total cohort with an interval shorter than 8 weeks after 3 initial injections had persistent macular fluid; 24 eyes (11.0%) were switched to another anti-VEGF agent. Overall, the mean BCVA was 61.9 ± 21.7 ETDRS letters at baseline and 61.7 ± 22.6 at the final visit, with no statistically significant difference observed (P = 0.934). Central subfield thickness and pigment epithelial detachment height remained stable. Significant reductions were observed in subretinal (54.3%-41.1%, P = 0.006) and intraretinal fluid (53.9%-39.3%, P = 0.002). Among previously treated eyes, the mean preswitch treatment interval was 5.8 ± 2.5 weeks and increased to 7.4 ± 2.2 weeks after the 3 initial injections (P < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High-dose aflibercept demonstrated stable BCVA and significant reductions in macular fluid during the follow-up period. A considerable proportion of patients were unable to extend treatment intervals to ≥8 weeks due to persistent macular fluid. These findings suggest that HDA maintains functional stability while improving anatomic outcomes, though challenges in managing chronic nAMD in a clinical-practice setting may limit the ability to extend treatment intervals.</p><p><strong>Financial disclosure(s): </strong>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stellate Nonhereditary Idiopathic Foveomacular Retinoschisis and Central Anomalous Retinoschisis with mid-PEripheral Traction (CARPET).","authors":"Alessandro Feo, Andrea Govetto, Prithvi Ramtohul, Néda Abraham, Diogo Cabral, Peter Y Chang, Nauman Chaudhry, Fred K Chen, Dean Eliott, Livia Faes, Rachael C Heath Jeffery, Sarah Mrejen, Marko M Popovic, Marisa G Tieger, Luca Zatreanu, SriniVas R Sadda, K Bailey Freund, Mario R Romano, David Sarraf","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the clinical and multimodal imaging (MMI) findings and long-term follow-up of stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis (SNIFR) contiguous with midperipheral retinoschisis (MPRS) and to describe a severe SNIFR variant termed CARPET (Central Anomalous Retinoschisis with mid-PEripheral Traction).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>Eleven patients (15 eyes) with SNIFR contiguous with MPRS in at least 1 eye at baseline or final follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multimodal imaging features, including cross-sectional and en face macular and peripheral spectral-domain OCT and OCT angiography, were reviewed in all cases at baseline and at the final follow-up visit.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Various courses (including progression, regression, or stability) of MPRS or SNIFR over time were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Midperipheral retinoschisis exhibited centripetal progression to SNIFR in 5 eyes of 3 patients with follow-up of 67, 60, and 27 months, respectively, with maintenance of excellent visual acuity (range: 20/25-20/20) in 4 of these 5 eyes. In 2 eyes of 2 patients (including 1 eye with initial centripetal progression of MPRS to SNIFR), MPRS contiguous with SNIFR spontaneously resolved with long-term follow-up (77 and 25 months, respectively). Stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis contiguous with MPRS partially regressed after 48 months in 1 patient, and was stable after 54 months in another. A distinctive midperipheral microvasculopathy, associated with MPRS that was contiguous with SNIFR, was identified in 7 eyes of 4 patients. Finally, 3 eyes of 3 patients exhibited additional unique features, including central neurosensory detachment and outer lamellar macular hole, which were associated with significant midperipheral traction, representing a severe variant subtype of SNIFR that we refer to as CARPET. Two of these 3 eyes progressed with short-term follow-up of 6 and 2 months, respectively, whereas the schisis resolved and vision improved after pars plana vitrectomy in the third case.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Midperipheral retinoschisis can progress to SNIFR over multiple years of follow-up. Stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis with MPRS can also spontaneously resolve or remain stable. Midperipheral retinoschisis can additionally be complicated by a midperipheral inner retinal microvasculopathy. Finally, CARPET may represent a unique and severe variant form of SNIFR driven by midperipheral vitreoretinal traction and associated with significant vision loss.</p><p><strong>Financial disclosure(s): </strong>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Risk Retinoblastoma Based on International Classification Systems: Analysis of 1362 Eyes.","authors":"Deepthi E Kurian, Swathi Kaliki, Carol L Shields","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.01.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the predictive value of International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification schemes and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification for histopathological high-risk features (HRFs).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Multicentric international collaborative retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>One thousand three hundred and sixty-two patients with retinoblastoma from 16 centers and 11 countries.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Primary enucleation; adjuvant therapy in patients with HRF.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>High-risk retinoblastoma defined as 1 or more HRF (anterior segment involvement, massive choroidal invasion, minor choroidal infiltration with prelaminar optic nerve invasion, retrolaminar or resected optic nerve cut end involvement, scleral or microscopic extrascleral infiltration); metastasis-free survival (MFS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1362 patients, 751 (55.1%) had HRF. According to the International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) (Philadelphia vs. Los Angeles [LA]) versus Children's Oncology Group (COG) classification schemes, the positive predictive value (PPV) of group D eyes for HRF was 42.0% versus 35.1% versus 43.2%, respectively, and that for group E eyes was 58.5% versus 59.0% versus 59.5%, respectively. Comparing group D versus group E eyes, there was higher mean number of HRF (standard deviation, range) among group E eyes using the ICRB Philadelphia (0.7 [0.9, 0.0-6.0] vs. 1.3 [1.7, 0.0-9.0], P < 0.001), ICRB LA (0.6 [0.8, 0.0-6.0] vs. 1.3 [1.7, 0.0-9.0], P < 0.001) and COG (0.8 [1.2, 0.0-7.0] vs. 1.3 [1.6, 0.0-8.0], P < 0.001) classifications. The PPV for HRF was above 55% for AJCC clinical tumor (cT) group cT3a with increments through cT3e to 72.3%. An agreement between ICRB Philadelphia versus ICRB LA, ICRB LA versus COG, and ICRB Philadelphia versus COG was 0.9, 0.8, and 0.8, respectively (P < 0.001). Metastasis-free survival rates and overall survival rates were also comparable between all intraocular retinoblastoma classification schemes but better stratified within the AJCC scheme.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All intraocular retinoblastoma classification schemes predict HRF and MFS equally. Group E includes a wide spectrum equivalent to the AJCC group cT3. Uniform grouping with subcategorization of group E might improve risk stratification. We propose that everyone across the retinoblastoma world henceforth adopts the AJCC classification for all reporting and publishing.</p><p><strong>Financial disclosure(s): </strong>The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomic Control with Faricimab versus Aflibercept in the YOSEMITE/RHINE Trials in Diabetic Macular Edema.","authors":"Jennifer I Lim, Manuel J Amador, Dilsher S Dhoot, Avni Finn, Samantha Fraser-Bell, Kara Gibson, Oluwatobi O Idowu, Rahul N Khurana, Paolo Lanzetta, Tai-Chi Lin, Florie A Mar, Andreas Pollreisz, Aleksandra Rachitskaya, Patricio G Schlottmann, Yannan Tang, Timothy Y Y Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oret.2025.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare anatomic biomarkers on spectral-domain OCT between faricimab, a dual angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2)/VEGF-A inhibitor, and aflibercept in a pooled analysis of results from the YOSEMITE/RHINE trials in diabetic macular edema (DME).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>YOSEMITE/RHINE (NCT03622580/NCT03622593) were identical, randomized, double-masked, active comparator-controlled, 100-week phase III noninferiority trials.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Adults with visual acuity loss due to center-involving DME.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to faricimab 6.0 mg every 8 weeks (Q8W), faricimab 6.0 mg treat-and-extend (T&E), or aflibercept 2.0 mg Q8W for 100 weeks. The T&E up to every 16 weeks dosing regimen was based on central subfield thickness (CST) and best-corrected visual acuity changes.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Post hoc analyses comparing faricimab with aflibercept on CST change; the proportion of eyes with an absence of intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid, or both IRF and subretinal fluid or achieving a CST <280 μm at key timepoints during the trials; time to first absence of IRF; and time to first achieving CST <280 μm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1891 patients were enrolled across YOSEMITE/RHINE (n = 632 faricimab Q8W; n = 632 faricimab T&E; n = 627 aflibercept). There were greater CST reductions from baseline with both faricimab dosing regimens compared with aflibercept over the 100 weeks (adjusted means and area-under-the-curve analysis). Higher proportions of eyes achieved an absence of IRF with faricimab Q8W (58%-63%) and faricimab T&E (44%-49%) versus aflibercept (36%-41%) at weeks 92 to 100. In eyes with IRF at baseline, the median time to first absence of IRF was achieved 40 weeks earlier with faricimab versus aflibercept. The proportion of eyes achieving a CST <280 μm at weeks 92 to 100 was 70% to 74% with faricimab Q8W, 61% to 65% with faricimab T&E, and 61% to 63% with aflibercept. In eyes with CST ≥280 μm at baseline, the median time to first instance of CST <280 μm was achieved 16 weeks earlier with faricimab versus aflibercept.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dual Ang-2/VEGF-A inhibition with faricimab resulted in greater and faster improvements in anatomic outcomes compared with aflibercept at key timepoints over the pooled YOSEMITE/RHINE trials.</p><p><strong>Financial disclosure(s): </strong>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Endogenous Endophthalmitis Presenting as Posterior Hypopyon.","authors":"Sarang Gupta, Arpitha Kalava, Bhavik Panchal","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2024.12.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2024.12.025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inadvertent Intralenticular Bevacizumab Injection.","authors":"Alexander M Rusakevich, Jennifer P Tingley, Kareem Moussa","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2024.12.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2024.12.024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}