Ophthalmology. Retina最新文献

{"title":"Type 3 MNV in AMD: baseline predictors of 3-year macular atrophy development.","authors":"Riccardo Sacconi, Paolo Forte, Giulia Corradetti, Eliana Costanzo, Vittorio Capuano, Elodie Bousquet, Federico Beretta, Serena Iannuzzi, Maria Sole Polito, Massimo Nicolo', Mariacristina Parravano, Eric Souied, David Sarraf, SriniVas Sadda, Francesco Bandello, Giuseppe Querques","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify baseline optical coherence tomography (OCT) predictors of the 3-year macular atrophy (MA) development for type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated by anti-VEGF therapy.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Multicenter, retrospective, longitudinal study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>We included patients with treatment-naïve type 3 MNV secondary to nAMD at baseline, treated with anti-VEGF during a 3-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were identified from six retinal referral institutions: 1) San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy 2) University of Genova, Genova, Italy; 3) Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, USA; 4) Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, USA; 5) University of Paris Est, Creteil, France; 6) IRCCS Bietti Foundation, Rome, Italy. Several baseline predictors of 3-year MA area were analyzed based on structural OCT and demographics.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Multivariate analysis in order to identify baseline independent predictors of the 3-year MA development for type 3 MNV secondary to nAMD treated by anti-VEGF therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 131 eyes of 131 patients (mean age 80±6-year-old, 81% females). Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.49±0.40 LogMAR at the baseline and significantly decreased to 0.59±0.43 LogMAR at the end of 3-year follow-up (p<0.001). Patients were treated with 11±6 anti-VEGF injections and developed atrophy in 75% of cases (from 18% at the baseline). Eyes that developed 3-year MA were treated with a significantly lower number of injections compared to eyes without MA (9.9±5.5 vs 14.7±7.2 injections, p<0.001). The most relevant independent predictors at baseline of MA area at 3-year follow-up were: area of MA at baseline (p<0.001), AMD phenotype (presence of reticular pseudodrusen) (p=0.017), baseline presence of nascent geographic atrophy (p=0.008), and the baseline presence of subretinal hyper-reflective material (p=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Macular atrophy development is a frequent complication of type 3 MNV treated with anti-VEGF injections. Several factors could be considered as baseline predictors of atrophy development during the anti-VEGF treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravitreal Melphalan versus Topotecan for Vitreous Seeds in Retinoblastoma: A Comparative study of 64 Asian Indian eyes.","authors":"Ayushi Agarwal, Vishakha Tanna, Vijitha S Vempuluru, Vishal Raval, Swathi Kaliki","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the outcomes of intravitreal melphalan (IVit-M) versus intravitreal topotecan (IVit-T) for vitreous seeds (VS) in retinoblastoma (RB).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective interventional study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Patients of RB with VS receiving intravitreal chemotherapy between December 2012 and December 2022, at a single quaternary ocular oncology referral center.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>IVit-M injection of 25mcg/0.1cc in 25 eyes and IVit-T. of 30mcg/0.15cc in 39 eyes.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>Resolution of VS, globe salvage, intravitreal chemotherapy-related complications RESULTS: The mean age at presentation was 28 months (median, 24 months; range, 4 to 144 months) for the IVit-M group and 25 months (median, 24 months; range, 2 to 60 months) for the IVit-T group. At the time of initiation of intravitreal injection, the VS belonged to type 1 (1 (4%) vs. 1 (3%)), type 2 (9 (36%) vs. 14 (36%)), type 3 (8 (32%) vs.18 (46%)), or a combination of these (7 (28%) vs. 6 (15%)) in IVit-M and IVit-T groups, respectively. Complete resolution of VS following intravitreal chemotherapy was seen in 22 (92%) and 28 (72%) eyes (p=0.069) in IVit-M and IVit-T groups, respectively. At a mean follow-up period of 44 months after the first IVit-C injection in the IVit-M group and 19 months in the IVit-T group, globe salvage was higher in the IVit-T group (77%) than in the IVit-M group (60%, p=0.148), respectively. Posterior segment complications were significantly higher in the IVit-M group than in the IVit-T group (p<0.001). These included retinal pigment epithelial atrophy (p<0.001), optic atrophy (p<0.001), vascular attenuation (p<0.001), and retinal/ subretinal hemorrhages (p=0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IVit-T is as efficacious as IVit-M for controlling VS in RB, with a better safety profile in pigmented Asian Indian eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-dose Intravitreal Topotecan for Perifoveal Recurrence of Retinoblastoma.","authors":"Madison M Woods, Rolika Bansal, Carol L Shields","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foveal and Henle Fiber Layer Hemorrhage in Immune Thrombocytopenia.","authors":"Prithvi Ramtohul, Neil Tadrist, Thierry David","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Patients with Histiocytosis and Multimodal Imaging Features of Choroidal Infiltrates.","authors":"Jasmine H Francis, Anne S Reiner, Julia Canestraro, David H Abramson, Eli L Diamond","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate choroidal findings in patients with histiocytosis including subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and multimodal imaging in eyes with choroidal infiltrates visible by ophthalmoscopy; and to determine if abnormalities change with histiocytosis-directed (kinase inhibitor) therapy.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>91 patients with histiocytosis and 41 age- and gender-matched controls.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective comparative study at single tertiary cancer referral center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical exam, fundus photography and OCT were used to assess choroidal findings. Clinically evident choroidal infiltrates by ophthalmoscopy were recorded and choroidal vascular architecture was qualitatively examined. SFCT and was measured using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT) from the outer portion of Bruch's membrane to the choroidal scleral interface.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>SFCT compared to matched controls; secondary outcome was change in SFCT on histiocytosis-directed (kinase inhibitor) therapy. Multimodal imaging of choroidal infiltrates visible by ophthalmoscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and eighty two eyes of 91 patients (46 males, 45 females) with histiocytiosis (Erdheim-Chester 35, Rosai-Dorfman 21, Xanthogranuloma 7, Mixed histiocytosis 11, Langerhans cell histiocytosis 15 and other 2) were examined. In histiocytosis patients, the mean SFCT was 336.2 +/- 94.9 μm compared with 250.3 +/- 60.7μm in the control group (p<0.0001). 69% of histiocystosis patients had SFCT > 275μm compared to 27% in controls (p< 0.0001). Subtype of histiocytosis, sites of bone or central nervous disease, posterior segment/other sites of ophthalmic disease, or mutational profile did not correlate with SFCT. In a subgroup analysis of 35 patients naïve to prior treatment, with > 6 mos follow-up, the proportion of SFCT > 275 μm significantly decreased (p-value = 0.0016) on histiocytosis-directed (kinase inhibitor) therapy. 19.8% of patients had clinically evident choroidal infiltration: majority were yellow creamy, geographic, located posteriorly and hyperautofluorescent; with enlarged Haller's vein bordering the infiltrate, choriocapillaris compression and loss of choroidal architecture by OCT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cohort, 19.8% of histiocytosis patients had clinically evident infiltration of their choroid. Furthermore, the majority of patients with histiocytosis had increased subfoveal choroidal thickness compared with age- and gender-matched controls. The thickened choroid decreases on histiocytosis-directed (kinase inhibitor) therapy and may be a marker of response to systemic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Geographic Atrophy Progression: AREDS2 Report 34.","authors":"Cameron Duic, Emily Vance, Elvira Agrón, Tiarnan D L Keenan","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine potential relationships between alcohol consumption and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression, including progression to late AMD and geographic atrophy (GA) enlargement rate.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Post hoc analysis of cohorts within the Age-Related Eye Diseases Study 2 (AREDS2).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>6670 eyes (of 3673 participants) with no late AMD at baseline; 1143 eyes (of 841 participants) with GA at ≥2 consecutive visits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Color fundus photographs were collected at annual study visits and graded centrally for late AMD, GA area, and GA proximity. Alcohol consumption was calculated by food frequency questionnaire. Regression analyses of disease progression were performed according to alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Progression to late AMD and its subtypes; GA area-based progression; GA proximity-based progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over mean follow-up of 3.8 years, 40.2% of eyes progressed to late AMD. In men, with alcohol tertile 1 (no regular consumption) as reference, hazard ratios for progression to late AMD were 0.69 (95% CI 0.55-0.87, p=0.0015) for tertile 2 and 0.85 (0.71-1.02, p=0.079) for tertile 3. In women, hazard ratios were 1.12 (0.95-1.31, p=0.17) and 0.85 (0.72-1.00, p=0.046), respectively. Over mean follow-up of 3.1 years, GA area-based progression was significantly faster in women than men, at 0.295 (95% CI 0.278-0.311) and 0.260 mm/year (0.241-0.279), respectively (p=0.007). In men, area-based progression differed significantly by alcohol tertile (p=0.0001), at 0.275 (0.248-0.303), 0.183 (0.143-0.223), and 0.280 mm/year (0.254-0.306) in tertiles 1-3, respectively. In women, the area-based rate did not differ significantly by alcohol tertile (p=0.11). In men only, CDC-defined heavy drinking was associated with faster progression (p=0.024), at 0.306 (0.262-0.349) vs 0.252 mm/year (0.233-0.270). In 808 eyes with non-central GA, GA proximity-based progression did not differ significantly by alcohol tertile (p=0.55).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of progression to late AMD in men. GA progression is faster in women, but its relationship with alcohol consumption is much stronger in men. In men, moderate consumption is associated with slower GA progression and higher consumption with faster progression. Although some of these associations may also relate to confounding, they might suggest that individuals with GA should avoid high alcohol consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in US retinoblastoma presentation, management and local recurrence in the National Cancer Database, 2004-2016.","authors":"Jodi Y So, Suzann Pershing, Erqi Liu Pollom, Susan M Hiniker, Armin R Afshar","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate patient-level differences in retinoblastoma presentation, treatments, and outcomes within the United States.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective registry-based analysis.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>1,404 retinoblastoma cases in the National Cancer Database, 2004-2016, a US-based cancer registry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patient characteristics and treatments were investigated over time. Primary treatment was classified as enucleation, local tumor destruction, chemotherapy, and/or radiation. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated extraocular disease at presentation, treatment, and local recurrence following primary globe-sparing therapy.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Odds ratios for extraocular disease at presentation; primary treatment modality; local recurrence after primary globe-sparing therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Extraocular disease affected 13% of patients at presentation (N=178). All-cause mortality among the entire cohort was 3.1% (n=44) at last follow-up Those who were non-white, uninsured or had government-funded insurance, or with non-metropolitan residence had significantly greater odds of extraocular disease (OR 2.21-3.64 for non-white vs. white non-Hispanic patients, OR 2.05-2.95 for uninsured or Medicaid/Medicare/government-funded vs. private/commercial insurance, and OR 1.80 for non-metropolitan vs. metropolitan residence). Between 2004-2016, utilization of chemotherapy (55% to 73%) and local tumor destruction (17% to 27%) increased. Enucleations remained over-represented among Hispanic patients (63% received enucleation in 2016, vs. 35% non-Hispanic patients; OR=1.83, (95% CI 1.22-2.75) for enucleation among Hispanic vs. white, non-Hispanic patients). Patients with Medicaid/Medicare/government insurance and non-metropolitan residence also had higher odds of enucleation, and non-metropolitan patients had higher odds of local recurrence after primary globe-sparing therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite overall decline in enucleation and increase in globe-sparing therapy between 2004-2016, Hispanic, Medicaid/Medicare/government-insured, and non-metropolitan patients continued to have higher odds of extraocular disease at presentation and higher odds of undergoing enucleation as primary therapy. This suggests limitations in access to care and that shifts towards globe-sparing treatment (chemotherapy and local tumor destruction) did not occur equally across all patient groups. Further investigations into these disparities is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Anti VEGF on Same Day-Investigation on Safety in Retinopathy of Prematurity (BASISROP)- A Multicenter retrospective study.","authors":"Anil Babanrao Gangwe, Anjali Agrawal, Subhadra Jalali, Alay Banker, Tapas Padhi, Parag Shah, Renu P Rajan, Sucheta Kulkarni, Shilpi Shah, Rekha Singhal, Pranab Das, Ajay Kapoor, Anand Vinekar, Snehal Bavaskar, Vasumathy Vedantham, Gaurav Sanghi, Shashwat Bhattacharya, Ahan Banker, Anita Gaikwad, Shivani Shrivastava, Sameera Nayak, Bhavik Panchal, Deepshikha Agrawal, Raj Vardhan Azad","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report incidence of procedure related complications in preterm infants with ROP treated with intravitreal anti vascular endothelial growth factors (anti VEGF) injection in both eyes on same day DESIGN: Retrospective, multicenter case series SUBJECTS: Preterm infants with ROP treated with anti VEGF bilaterally on same day METHODS: Intervention: All included infants underwent intravitreal anti VEGF injection in both eyes under aseptic precautions in ophthalmic operation theatre (OT) or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Postoperative examination was performed to look for procedure related complications MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of procedure related complication (Presumed endophthalmitis, intraocular inflammation, lens injury, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal tear) in the study cohort. To study association of indication, type of anti VEGF, type of needle used, setting of procedure, site of injection (distance from limbus) and experience of the treating ophthalmologist with the complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>9984 eyes of 4992 infants were analysed. The procedure was most commonly performed in ophthalmic OT (8258, 82.7%) using 29G (4514, 45.2%) needle between 1-1.5 mm (9984, 100%) from limbus. Aggressive retinopathy of prematurity was the most common indication for anti VEGF use (4866, 48.7%) while Bevacizumab was the most commonly used anti VEGF agent (8642, 86.6%). Overall, 26 eyes (0.3%) had procedure related complications. Lens injury (15, 0.15%) and presumed endophthalmitis (7, 0.07%) were most common complications. One eye had culture proven endophthalmitis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No case of bilateral endophthalmitis was noted. Endophthalmitis was not associated with setting of procedure or type of anti VEGF used, while risk of lens injury was seven times higher when performed in NICU and 30 times higher when performed by an ophthalmologist with < 1year of experience in injecting anti VEGF in preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of presumed endophthalmitis after bilateral same day anti VEGF in infants with ROP is 0.07%. These infants can be treated in both eyes on same day with the anti VEGFs and needles (29-32G) evaluated in this study, with emphasis on the direction of needle parallel to visual axis. Extra precaution is advocated if the procedure is planned in NICU or by an ophthalmologist with limited experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Finding of Focal Scleral Defects in a Sclerochorioretinal Coloboma.","authors":"Savithiri Palanivel, Anand Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2024.10.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2024.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widefield Swept-Source OCT Angiography of Takayasu Retinopathy.","authors":"Yanping Zhou, Jinhui Dai, Yongjin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oret.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19501,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Retina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}