{"title":"Microwave-Assisted Hantzsch, Biginelli, and GBB Reactions: Eco-Efficient Synthesis of N-Heterocycles","authors":"Divyani P. Patel, Satish Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1002/jhet.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As we look to the future, it is important to remember the significance of assessing the efficiency of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) of green chemistry principles. These reactions have a favorable compatibility with environmentally friendly organic synthesis. N-heterocyclic moieties are highly regarded and play a crucial role in modern organic chemistry. Looking ahead, Hantzsch, Biginelli, and GBB MCRs with microwave-assisted chemistry approaches promise to significantly reduce chemical waste and reaction times. These methods quickly and effectively incorporate numerous structurally diverse aspects into heterocyclic compounds, all accomplished in a single synthetic step. Anticipating the need to produce biologically active heterocyclic compounds in the future, MW-assisted MCRs (Hantzsch, Biginelli, and GBB) could become important green synthesis methods.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry","volume":"63 3","pages":"432-453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Wang, Xun Sun, Jialuo Zou, Xiaojing Su, Yin Lin, Fan Zhou, Lei Zhang
{"title":"Catalyst-Free and Visible Light-Promoted Perfluoroalkylation of Indoles","authors":"Jing Wang, Xun Sun, Jialuo Zou, Xiaojing Su, Yin Lin, Fan Zhou, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jhet.70154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we report a catalyst-free and photoinduced strategy for the direct perfluoroalkylation of heterocyclic indoles. This method demonstrates synthetic simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and eliminates the need for any catalyst, yielding perfluoroalkylated products in moderate to excellent yields. A diverse range of substrates, including various biologically relevant molecules, exhibited excellent compatibility with the reaction system, highlighting its potential for late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutical analogues.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry","volume":"63 3","pages":"512-525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeynep Deniz Şahin Inan, Hayrani Eren Bostancı, Serkan Kapancık, Ayşen Işık, Hacı Ahmet Kılıç, Ulviye Acar Çevik, Özen Özensoy Güler, Yusuf Özkay, Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
{"title":"Synthesis of Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives as a Carbonic Anhydrase IX (Ca IX) Inhibitor With Anticancer Potential","authors":"Zeynep Deniz Şahin Inan, Hayrani Eren Bostancı, Serkan Kapancık, Ayşen Işık, Hacı Ahmet Kılıç, Ulviye Acar Çevik, Özen Özensoy Güler, Yusuf Özkay, Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı","doi":"10.1002/jhet.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study, a series of benzimidazole-thiazole derivatives (<b>4a</b>–<b>4k</b>) were rationally designed and synthesized to evaluate their potential inhibitory effects on carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) and anticancer properties. The structural elucidation of the compounds was performed using spectroscopic techniques including <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and HRMS. Their cytotoxic activities were assessed on L929, HT29, MCF7, and C6 cell lines through MTT assays. Following the MTT assay, compound <b>4h</b> was identified as exhibiting notable cytotoxicity against HT29, MCF7, and C6 cell lines, with IC<sub>50</sub> values measured at 36.6 ± 11.98, 22.8 ± 5.18, and 42.06 ± 6.58 μM, respectively. Moreover, compound <b>4h</b> exhibited lower toxicity toward the L929 healthy mouse fibroblast cell line compared to the reference drug cisplatin. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that in cancer cell lines treated with compound <b>4h</b>, the proportion of apoptotic cells was markedly higher than that of necrotic (non-programmed dead) cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis also confirmed that compound <b>4h</b> had cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. According to the carbonic anhydrase IX activity results, compound <b>4h</b> was found to have the highest activity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry","volume":"63 3","pages":"418-431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Protocol for the Synthesis of Substituted 1,4-Dihydroquinoxalin-2-Amine Derivatives From CN Cross-Coupling Reactions of Carbodiimides, Nitro Compounds, and Various 2-Iodoanilines","authors":"Manijeh Nematpour","doi":"10.1002/jhet.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A simple, rapid, and efficient ultrasonic-assisted protocol is reported for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-amine from the one-pot C<span></span>N cross-coupling reactions of carbodiimides, nitro compounds, and various 2-iodoanilines in THF solvent, CuI (10 mol%) as catalyst, and KO<i>t</i>-Bu as an active base under ultrasonic conditions in 45 min with optimal efficiency. The role of ultrasound is to reduce the reaction time, increase the efficiency of product preparation, and make the work-up easier. Finally, 15 new heterocyclic compounds from the 1,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-amine family have been synthesized in this project using a simple, rapid, and efficient ultrasonic method.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry","volume":"63 3","pages":"548-556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}