Oncology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Management of COVID-19 in cancer patients receiving cardiotoxic anti-cancer therapy. Future recommendations for cardio-oncology.","authors":"Hasan Kobat, Islam Elkonaissi, Mehmet Tevfik Dorak, Shereen Nabhani-Gebara","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2021.510","DOIUrl":"10.4081/oncol.2021.510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiotoxicity induced by anti-cancer treatment has become a significant threat as the number of cardiotoxic anti-cancer agents is growing. Cancer patients are at an increased risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because of immune suppression caused by anti-cancer drugs and/or supportive treatment. Deterioration in lung functions due to COVID-19 is responsible for many cardiac events. The presence of COVID-19 and some of its treatment modalities may increase the chance of cardiotoxicity development in cancer patients receiving potentially cardiotoxic agents. This review provides evidence-based information on the cardiotoxicity risk in cancer patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19 who are receiving potentially cardiotoxic anti-cancer agents. Proposed strategies relating to the management of this patient cohorts are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9a/91/onco-15-1-510.PMC7967496.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25501082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma - A comprehensive review of agents used in the contemporary management of advanced/metastatic disease.","authors":"Stavros Gkolfinopoulos,&nbsp;Amanda Psyrri,&nbsp;Aristotelis Bamias","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2021.530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2021.530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renal cell carcinoma represents the most common malignancy of the kidney and the majority of cases are categorized as clear cell carcinomas. The elucidation of the specific alterations in key molecular and metabolic pathways responsible for cancer development and progression have prompted the rationalization of our classification of this disease and have provided specific targetable molecules implicated in carcinogenesis. Although immunotherapy has been an established option in the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer for many years, its role has been renewed and upgraded with the implementation of anti-angiogenic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors in our treatment armamentarium. The future holds promise, as newer agents become available and combination regimens of immunotherapy with anti-angiogenic agents have become the standard of care in the management of metastatic disease and are currently being evaluated in earlier settings. Proper patient selection and individualization of our treatment strategies are of utmost importance in order to provide optimal care to patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/ca/onco-15-1-530.PMC7967495.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25501084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin - its anti-cancer effects in hematologic malignancies.","authors":"Monika Podhorecka","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2021.514","DOIUrl":"10.4081/oncol.2021.514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main anti-diabetic effect of metformin mediated through stimulation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and triggering glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. Additionally, some new pathways, besides the AMPK activation, were discovered, that can explain wide-range properties of metformin. All these properties are now attracting the attention of researchers in the fields other than diabetes and the drug has been reported to have anti-cancer, immunoregulatory and anti-aging effects. Among others, the beneficial effects of metformin in hematological disorders like leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma were reported. Despite a great progress in therapy, these diseases are still incurable in most cases. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover novel, less toxic and more effective drugs especially for older or chemotherapy-resistant patients. In this review article, the current findings on the anti-cancer effect of metformin together with underlying possible mechanisms in blood cancers are discussed. However. to evaluate precisely these promising effects of metformin, more studies are required, because many of the published results are preclinical.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/06/d7/onco-15-1-514.PMC7967492.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25501083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic and predictive accuracy of thyroglobulin to TSH ratio and TSH to thyroglobulin ratio in detecting differentiated thyroid carcinoma in normothyroid patients with thyroid nodules: A retrospective cohort study and systematic review of the literature.","authors":"Evangelos Karvounis,&nbsp;Ioannis Kappas,&nbsp;Anna Angelousi,&nbsp;George-Marios Makris,&nbsp;Thomas D Siamatras,&nbsp;Eva Kassi","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2020.439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2020.439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the present study is to examine the diagnostic and predictive accuracy of the thyroglobulin (Tg) to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and TSH/Tg ratios in normothyroid patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of the serum Tg/TSH and TSH/Tg ratios in normothyroid patients with thyroid nodules. We also systematically searched the international literature using the Medline, Cochrane's CENTRAL, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases for evidence concerning the diagnostic and predictive accuracy of these ratios. Overall, 374 patients were identified in our cohort study of whom 240 were treated for benign disease and 134 were treated for DTC. Significant differences were noted in the Tg/TSH and TSH/Tg values among cases with malignant and benign disease (P=0.020). However, the diagnostic ROC curve did not confirm these results (Tg/TSH=0.572 and TSH/Tg=0.428). After searching the international literature, we identified 8 studies. The majority of the included data reported significant differences among patients with benign/malignant disease and those with successful iodine therapy compared to those with disease relapse. However, the clinical relevance was clearer among studies that investigated the usefulness of these ratios in predicting recurrent disease. The findings of our study support that the Tg/TSH ratio increases in patients with DTC and can, thus, become useful in the future as a predictive marker of ablative ¹³¹I therapy success. However, given the significant variability of Tg its diagnostic accuracy remains to date minimal; thus, the actual cut-off value that can be used to discriminate cancer cases from benign disease has not been determined yet.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1c/9f/onco-14-2-439.PMC7814274.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38788595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selecting the first line treatment in non-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma - comparing clinical practice guidelines.","authors":"Soumya Jogi,&nbsp;Radha Varanai,&nbsp;Sravani S Bantu,&nbsp;Ashish Manne","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2020.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2020.515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary malignancy of the liver or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unique in its presentation, disease process, and management. Unlike breast or colon cancer, the staging of HCC depends on performance status and baseline liver function along with pathological characteristics. Apart from traditional options like surgery and systemic therapy, effective management can be achieved in selected cases with liver transplant and locoregional therapy (LRT) like transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), transarterial radioembolization (TARE), and ablation. Liver study societies and cancer groups across the globe proposed guidelines to aid the treating physicians in choosing first-line treatment for liver cancer. It is tough to compare these guidelines as they differ not only in treatment recommendations but also in risk assessment (and staging). The approach to the same patient may be different in the country he or she is managed. In clinical practice, decisions are usually taken on the consensus of multidisciplinary tumor boards and do not necessarily adhere to any guidelines. In the early (and very early) stage HCC, curative options like surgery, transplant, and ablation are recommended. In intermediate stage HCC, LRT (TACE and TARE) is preferred in the first line and systemic therapy for treatment failure or residual disease. Systemic therapy, including the atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) like sorafenib and lenvatinib, is used for advanced stages. Supportive care is advised for terminal stage HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/af/b9/onco-14-2-515.PMC7771021.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38803717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are anti-PD1 and anti-PD-L1 alike? The non-small-cell lung cancer paradigm.","authors":"Giuseppe Luigi Banna,&nbsp;Ornella Cantale,&nbsp;Melissa Bersanelli,&nbsp;Marzia Del Re,&nbsp;Alex Friedlaender,&nbsp;Alessio Cortellini,&nbsp;Alfredo Addeo","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2020.490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2020.490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-PD1 and anti-PD-L1 agents may have intrinsic and clinically relevant differences in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. By reviewing currently available indirect evidence on these agents for NSCLC treatment, highlighting possible inter- and intra-class dissimilarities, anti-PD1 agents showed a higher response rate and a better outcome when combined with chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of patients with squamous and PD-L1 low advanced NSCLC, as compared to anti-PD-L1 agents. Conversely, anti-PD-L1 agents were responsible for less severe adverse events (AEs), particularly, immunerelated AEs. These differences could be explained by their different specific properties. Considering possible differences between anti-PD1 and anti-PD-L1 agents could be clinically relevant for treatment tailoring and inspiring new investigational approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bf/4a/onco-14-2-490.PMC7385529.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38253546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD markers polymorphisms as prognostic biomarkers in hematological malignancies.","authors":"Saeid Shahrabi,&nbsp;Majid Ghanavat,&nbsp;Masumeh Maleki Behzad,&nbsp;Daryush Purrahman,&nbsp;Najmaldin Saki","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2020.466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2020.466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clusters of differentiation (CD) are surface molecules used for immunophenotyping of cells. The expression of CD markers is widely used to classify hematological malignancies, including leukemia and lymphoma. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are crucial genetic changes that can be associated with abnormal expression and function of CD markers. In this paper, we assess the prognostic effect of CD markers<i>'</i> SNPs in hematological malignancies. Materials and methods and relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (2001-2019) of English language papers using the following terms: 'polymorphism', 'CD marker', 'leukemia', 'lymphoma', 'prognosis', 'CD marker', and 'polymorphism'. Many studies have demonstrated the effects of CD markers<i>'</i> polymorphisms on risk of hematological malignancies. Also, SNPs of CD markers can be related with clinicopathological features, invasiveness, and response to therapy of these disorders. Considering the importance of SNPs in the expressions of CD markers, these genetic changes could be used as potential prognostic biomarkers in hematological malignancies. It is hoped that the evaluation of SNPs in CD markers will enable early diagnosis, prognosis, and detection of response to treatment. However, better understanding of SNPs in CD markers that are involved in hematological malignancies requires further studies on different populations of the worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/eb/96/onco-14-2-466.PMC7385526.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38253545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apoptosis and genes involved in oral cancer - a comprehensive review.","authors":"Ruby Dwivedi,&nbsp;Rahul Pandey,&nbsp;Shaleen Chandra,&nbsp;Divya Mehrotra","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2020.472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2020.472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral cancers needs relentless research due to high mortality and morbidity associated with it. Despite of the comparable ease in accessibility to these sites, more than 2/3^rd cases are diagnosed in advanced stages. Molecular/genetic studies augment clinical assessment, classification and prediction of malignant potential of oral lesions, thereby reducing its incidence and increasing the scope for early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancers. Herein we aim to review the role of apoptosis and genes associated with it in oral cancer development in order to aid in early diagnosis, prediction of malignant potential and evaluation of possible treatment targets in oral cancer. An internet-based search was done with key words apoptosis, genes, mutations, targets and analysis to extract 72 articles after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The knowledge of genetics and genomics of oral cancer is of utmost need in order to stop the rising prevalence of oral cancer. Translational approach and interventions at the early stage of oral cancer, targeted destruction of cancerous cells by silencing or promoting involved genes should be the ideal intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/12/onco-14-2-472.PMC7365992.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38169300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>KRAS</i>-associated microRNAs in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Hamizah Ibrahim, Ya Chee Lim","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2020.454","DOIUrl":"10.4081/oncol.2020.454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated death worldwide. Despite progress in treatment of cancers, CRC with <i>KRAS</i> mutations are resistant towards anti-EGFR treatment. MicroRNAs have been discovered in an exponential manner within the last few years and have been known to exert either an onco-miRNA or tumor suppressive effect. Here, the various roles of microRNAs involved in the initiation and progression of <i>KRAS</i>-regulated CRC are summarized. A thorough understanding of the roles and functions of the plethora of microRNAs associated with <i>KRAS</i> in CRC will grant insights into the provision of other potential therapeutic targets as well as treatment. MicroRNAs may also serve as potential molecular classifier or early detection biomarkers for future treatment and diagnosis of CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5c/25/onco-14-2-454.PMC7365993.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38169298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of membrane-embedded drug efflux ABC transporters in the cancer chemotherapy.","authors":"Sonu Kumar Gupta,&nbsp;Priyanka Singh,&nbsp;Villayat Ali,&nbsp;Malkhey Verma","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2020.448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2020.448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the major problems being faced by researchers and clinicians in leukemic treatment is the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) which restrict the action of several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). MDR is a major obstacle to the success of cancer chemotherapy. The mechanism of MDR involves active drug efflux transport of ABC superfamily of proteins such as Pglycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) that weaken the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics and negative impact on the future of anticancer therapy. In this review, the authors aim to provide an overview of various multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms observed in cancer cells as well as the various strategies developed to overcome these MDR. Extensive studies have been carried out since last several years to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by defeating these MDR mechanisms with the use of novel anticancer drugs that could escape from the efflux reaction, MDR modulators or chemosensitizers, multifunctional nanotechnology, and RNA interference (RNAi) therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/21/onco-14-2-448.PMC7358983.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38162779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}