Oncology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Sexual dysfunction after cancer: gender differences, tumor-specific patterns, and implications for sexual medicine practice.","authors":"Isabella Bisceglia, Fortunato Morabito, Guglielmo Ferrari, Filippo Giovanardi, Carmine Pinto, Amelia Ceci, Antonino Neri, Lucia Mangone","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1807376","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1807376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexual health is a central component of wellbeing, identity, and intimate relationships, yet it remains insufficiently addressed in cancer care. Cancer treatments disrupt sexual functioning through interacting physical, hormonal, psychological, and relational mechanisms, leading to persistent and often under-recognized sexual dysfunction among survivors.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To synthesize current evidence on cancer-related sexual dysfunction, assessment strategies, and therapeutic interventions, with a focus on gender differences, tumor-site specificity, and implications for sexual medicine practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review integrates evidence from population-based studies, clinical guidelines, and systematic reviews addressing sexual dysfunction across cancer types. Gender-specific patterns and biopsychosocial mechanisms were examined to inform assessment and management within sexual medicine and survivorship care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women commonly experience multidimensional and frequently \"invisible\" sexual difficulties, including reduced desire and arousal, orgasmic dysfunction, dyspareunia, vaginal atrophy, body image disturbance, and fertility-related distress. Men more often present with overt functional impairments, particularly erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction following prostate and other male cancer treatments. Existing assessment tools capture selected aspects of sexual function but often fail to reflect the full biopsychosocial complexity of post-cancer sexuality. Effective management requires integrated interventions combining medical and pharmacological therapies, physical rehabilitation, psychosexual and couples counseling, and structured communication models. Tailored, gender- and tumor-specific approaches embedded within multidisciplinary survivorship pathways are essential, including culturally competent care for sexual and gender minority patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sexual dysfunction is a prevalent and clinically relevant consequence of cancer. Comprehensive assessment and personalized, multidisciplinary interventions are essential components of high-quality sexual medicine care for cancer survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1807376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embedding nutrition into routine oncology care: about time?","authors":"Barry J A Laird, Lorenzo Antonuzzo, Darío Sánchez Cabrero, Ece Esin, Fieke Froeling, Karin Jordan, Domina Kekez, Richard Skipworth, Marieke Schooneman, Şuayib Yalçın, Carla M Prado, Maurizio Muscaritoli","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1639494","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1639494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer significantly impacts nutritional status, thereby affecting treatment tolerance, quality of life, and survival. However, nutrition remains underutilized in oncology care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper describes current evidence to examine challenges, and propose strategies, for embedding nutrition into routine oncology care across the cancer continuum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The complexity of cancer-related malnutrition demands simple, validated, and cancer-specific tools for nutritional screening and assessment. Terminology such as \"cachexia\" and \"malnutrition\" may not appear positive for clinicians or patients; alternatives like \"nutritional fitness\" are suggested. Barriers to integration include misconceptions about cachexia as solely end-of-life, poor adherence to clinical guidelines, limited training for oncologists, and lack of access to dietitians. Integration of nutrition into clinical drug trials and perioperative care (e.g., prehabilitation) is essential. Emerging tools like PRONTO and composite indices incorporating body composition and inflammation may offer practical pathways forward.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early and ongoing nutritional monitoring, positive communication, regulatory alignment, and education of all stakeholders, including oncologists, surgeons, and patients are critical to embedding nutrition in oncology. By reframing nutritional care as a core component of treatment rather than supportive care, outcomes can be improved and practice re-shaped.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1639494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a risk prediction model for chemical cystitis in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing intravesical instillation.","authors":"Xinyu Yi, Zhaoyi Zhao, Jin Li","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1791893","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1791893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate a risk prediction model for Chemical cystitis in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) undergoing intravesical instillation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study retrospectively enrolled 225 patients with NMIBC who received intravesical instillation between January 2024 and January 2026. Predictive variables, including demographic characteristics, oncological features, medical history, treatment-related factors, and procedural anatomy, were collected. Feature selection was performed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression from 18 candidate variables. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed based on the selected variables and visualized as a risk prediction nomogram. The model's performance was evaluated and validated using the Area Under the Curve (AUC), calibration curves, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) to assess discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five independent predictors were identified from the candidate variables through LASSO and multivariable logistic regression analysis: type of instillation agent, tumor multifocality, retention time of the agent, bladder capacity, and tumor grade. The predictive model demonstrated robust discriminative ability in both the training and validation cohorts, with AUC values of 0.840 and 0.868, respectively. Calibration curves showed high consistency between the predicted and observed risks, and DCA further confirmed the model's positive net benefit in clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We successfully developed and validated a practical nomogram for the individualized prediction of Chemical cystitis risk in patients with NMIBC. This tool can assist clinicians in identifying high-risk patients prior to treatment, thereby enabling more targeted monitoring and preventive strategies. This study is limited by its single-center retrospective design, and external prospective validation is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1791893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13033723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How recreational therapies impact physiological and psychosocial outcomes in cancer patients: a review.","authors":"Marika D'Oria, Calogero Casà, Cristina Cenci, Domenico Fusco, Beatrice Di Capua, Edoardo Vergani, Laura Monti, Anna Cardillo, Francesco Miccichè, Emilio Bria, Luca Tagliaferri, Maria Antonietta Gambacorta, Giampaolo Tortora, Vincenzo Valentini","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1726683","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1726683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recreational Therapies (RecT) (e.g., art, dance, music, yoga, aromatherapy, Virtual Reality) are non-invasive interventions capable of enhancing the biopsychosocial wellbeing in patients, targeted to regenerate the existential dimensions of illness experience. While widely appreciated for their positive impact on quality of life, the specific biological and psychological mechanisms through which RecT exert their benefits remain underexplored in oncology. This review maps and critically discusses current evidence on the clinical impact of RecT across various stages of cancer and types of interventions, with a particular focus on targeted outcomes such as cortisol modulation, heart rate regulation, immune response, depression, anxiety, coping skills, and social support. Moreover, the review highlights how RecT may contribute to the mitigation of treatment-related side effects, including nausea, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. By synthesizing recent findings, we provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the role of RecT as integrated, evidence-informed components for oncology rehabilitation during and after therapy. This work aims to support the design of more personalized and effective supportive care strategies that resonate with patients' values and enhance treatment adherence, resilience, and overall health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1726683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13021588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV-positive cancers at uncommon sites: a narrative review.","authors":"Lorenzo Agoni, Orges Spahiu, Dukagjin M Blakaj","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1737332","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1737332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) usually infects the anogenital and the oropharyngeal areas. HPV may lead to cancer at these sites, most notably at the uterine cervix. Less frequently, vaginal, vulvar, anal and penile cancers may also arise. HPV may be also found, sometimes, in other cancers, such as lung, breast, bladder, esophageal cancers and others, which are not typical sites for HPV-related cancers. HPV spreads easily throughout the body and it has an intrinsic carcinogenic potential, which it may operate on organs which are distant from the genital area, although with a limited incidence of disease. It has been debated whether such occurrence has a casual or causative significance. In this systematic review we summarize the evidence and the pitfalls of these uncommon HPV-positive cancers, with particular emphasis on HPV genotypes distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1737332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13014104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the role of BMI in survival and complications in older esophageal squamous cell carcinoma following esophagectomy.","authors":"Kexun Li, Simiao Lu, Changding Li, Jie Mao, Huan Zhang, Kangning Wang, Guangyuan Liu, Yongtao Han, Lin Peng, Xuefeng Leng","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1757530","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1757530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on survival and postoperative complications in older patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) following esophagectomy, we designed this study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 469 patients aged ≥70 years with thoracic ESCC who underwent esophagectomy at Sichuan Cancer Hospital (May 2016-August 2021). Patients were grouped by WHO BMI categories: underweight (<18.5 kg/m²), normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m²), and overweight/obese (≥25 kg/m²). Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS); secondary outcomes included Clavien-Dindo grade III-IV complications. Kaplan-Meier, Cox models, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median follow-up was 47.5 months; R0 resection was achieved in 96.4%. BMI distribution: 7.3% low, 76.8% normal, 16.0% high. Median OS was 44.9 months overall, with no significant OS or DFS differences among BMI groups. RCS demonstrated a significant U-shaped association between continuous BMI and survival: protective ranges were approximately 21.9-27.0 kg/m² for OS (P non-linearity = 0.014) and 20.2-27.2 kg/m² for DFS (P non-linearity = 0.033).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In elderly ESCC patients after esophagectomy, BMI does not independently influence OS or DFS, though low BMI is associated with specific serious complications. Perioperative optimization-particularly nutritional support for underweight patients-remains essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1757530"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12968272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The CALLY index in cancer research: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Yangzheng Zhang, Weidong Liu","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1737805","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1737805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review focuses on the CALLY index in cancer, exploring its theoretical foundations, epidemiological insights, diagnostic and prognostic applications, therapeutic implications, controversies, and future perspectives. The CALLY index, based on C - reactive protein, albumin, and lymphocyte levels, has shown potential in predicting cancer prognosis and guiding treatment. Multiple studies across various cancer types indicate its association with survival outcomes, yet its widespread clinical adoption faces challenges. By synthesizing current research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the CALLY index, highlighting its strengths, limitations, and potential for advancing cancer management in precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1737805"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147377787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sacituzumab tirumotecan (sac-TMT/MK-2870/SKB264): a novel antibody-drug conjugate in breast cancer.","authors":"Amalia A Sofianidi, Alkistis Papatheodoridi, Constantine Dimitrakakis, Spyridon Marinopoulos, Vasiliki Michalaki, Flora Zagouri","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1781533","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1781533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discovery of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of oncology patients, especially those suffering from breast cancer. Following the approval of the first ADC for solid tumors in breast cancer, numerous additional ADCs have also been launched in the therapeutic landscape of breast cancer and have become the new standard of care for all diverse subtypes. Sacituzumab tirumotecan (sac-TMT) (MK-2870/SKB264) is an innovative ADC targeting TROP2 and delivering a belotecan-derived topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. Several clinical trials of sac-TMT have demonstrated promising results including improved overall response and disease control rates as well as progression-free survival. The safety profile of sac-TMT seems easily manageable; adverse events include mainly grade 1/2 nausea and alopecia, while grade 3/4 neutropenia and leukopenia and grade 3/4 stomatitis have been also reported. However, no treatment-related deaths have been reported so far. Since sac-TMT offers an encouraging new option for diverse breast cancer populations with manageable toxicity profiles, this review aims to summarize the recent published data regarding its use in breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1781533"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12916699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147271629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new paradigm for retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma: integrating transcriptomic subtyping and surgical risk stratification for AI-guided drug repurposing.","authors":"Nan Jia, Zicheng Bao, Zhidong Zhang, Kaixing Wang, Yong Li","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1744721","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1744721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma (RLMS) remains a major therapeutic challenge because of frequent postoperative recurrence and the limited benefit of current adjuvant therapies. The marked molecular heterogeneity of RLMS and its incompletely characterized oncogenic drivers have hindered the development of effective targeted therapies. This review proposes an integrative framework that combines transcriptomic subtyping with surgical risk stratification to support artificial intelligence (AI)-guided drug repurposing. The delineation of RLMS subtypes and the identification of potential therapeutic targets through transcriptomic analysis are described, including PDGFRα and VEGFA. The AI-guided screening of approved and investigational drug libraries to identify compounds predicted to reverse subtype-specific molecular programs; preclinical studies highlight candidates such as pazopanib and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors is discussed. Finally, the outline of a personalized strategy is proposed, in which surgical decision-making integrates anatomic risk with molecular signatures to inform the selection of neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies. Integrating surgical management, multi-omics, and computational pharmacology helps bridge the gap from bench to bedside and, ultimately, improve outcomes for patients with RLMS. In contrast to prior work that addresses molecular subtyping or surgical management in isolation, this review presents an integrative framework that links surgical risk stratification with transcriptomic profiling to enable AI-guided drug repurposing and provides a roadmap for personalized RLMS therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1744721"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12913375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146226434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota-immunity cascade in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.","authors":"Jihao Yang, Yishuang Dai, Jia Li","doi":"10.3389/or.2025.1687901","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2025.1687901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes a major global health burden, with limited responsiveness to current immunotherapeutic regimens. Accumulating evidence underscores the gut microbiota as a crucial regulator of the gut-liver axis, modulating tumor initiation, immune evasion, and the outcomes of immunotherapeutic interventions-and notably, it concurrently exhibits both potential diagnostic biomarker value and actionable therapeutic target properties. In the present review, we synthesize the characteristic features of gut dysbiosis in HCC, delineate the mechanisms by which microbial metabolites-including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and indoles-modulate the tumor immune microenvironment (TME), and elaborate on their dual roles in promoting anti-tumor immunity while concomitantly mediating immune suppression. We further examine the clinical correlations between specific microbial taxa and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-findings that support the utility of gut microbiota signatures as predictive or diagnostic biomarkers-and explore emerging microbiota-targeted strategies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotic supplementation, phage therapy, and dietary modulation, which validate the gut microbiota as a viable therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"19 ","pages":"1687901"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12894394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}