Oncology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Patterns of immune cell infiltration and oxidative stress in cervical cancer.","authors":"Andrea Mlambo, Shuyue Su, Qhaweni Dhlamini, Yuyang Zhang","doi":"10.3389/or.2025.1570071","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2025.1570071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer (CeCa) remains a significant global health burden, with complex interactions between oxidative stress and immune response playing critical roles in its pathogenesis and progression. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms linking oxidative stress pathways and immune evasion, particularly focusing on human papillomavirus oncogenes <i>E6</i> and <i>E7</i>. We highlight the dual roles of immune components such as Type 17 T helper (Th17) cells and the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), which exhibit context-dependent tumor-promoting and suppressive functions. While extensive mechanistic insights have been gained, translation to clinical practice remains limited, partly due to inconsistent biomarkers and incomplete understanding of therapeutic resistance. Recent advances in targeted therapies, including mitochondrial inhibitors, Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (e.g., pembrolizumab, nivolumab), and <i>PARP</i> inhibitors, demonstrate promise but face translational hurdles such as assay variability and immune-related adverse events. Future research must address gaps including predictive biomarker development, noninvasive monitoring via liquid biopsy, and rational combination therapies integrating redox modulation and immunotherapy. Enhanced multi-omics integration and refined preclinical models are essential to advance personalized treatment strategies for CeCa.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"19 ","pages":"1570071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting organs-at-risk in cancer therapies through temporary organ displacement: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Rance B Tino, Michael Li, Amirreza Heshmat, Ayush Suresh, AnaSimone Guillaume, Kristy K Brock, Bruno C Odisio, Eugene J Koay","doi":"10.3389/or.2025.1655365","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2025.1655365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation therapy (RT) and locoregional ablation are cornerstones of modern oncology, yet their therapeutic potential is frequently limited by the challenge of sparing healthy organs-at-risk (OARs) from treatment-related complications. Temporary organ displacement (TOD) techniques directly address this issue by creating a physical separation using 'spacers' during treatment, thereby minimizing collateral damage while enhancing therapeutic precision. The clinical benefits, including improved tumor control, reduced morbidity, and enhanced survival, are documented across malignancies of the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. To create a unified framework for this evolving field, this comprehensive review provides a systematic classification of TOD techniques based on invasiveness, administration, device technology and the accompanying treatment mo`dality. Furthermore, we synthesize key historical and recent innovations, from non-invasive maneuvers to advanced surgical spacers, to contextualize current practices. Finally, we address barriers to standardization and highlight emerging concepts such as meta-materials, computational modeling, and digital twins, which provide promising avenues for enhancing personalized cancer care and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"19 ","pages":"1655365"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12447172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of everolimus in malignant bone tumor therapy: Molecular mechanisms, preclinical evidence, and advances in clinical applications.","authors":"Youshu Zhang, Yao Dong, Yao Zhang, Gang Liang, Guanghui Yu, Dexiang Zhang, Chuanqiang Dai","doi":"10.3389/or.2025.1630239","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2025.1630239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant bone tumors, particularly osteosarcoma, pose significant therapeutic challenges due to genomic heterogeneity, chemoresistance, and stagnant survival rates. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway emerges as a central driver of tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Everolimus (EVR), a rapamycin-derived mTORC1 inhibitor, demonstrates multifaceted antitumor effects in osteosarcoma by suppressing protein synthesis, metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. Preclinical studies highlight EVR's synergistic potential with targeted agents (e.g., sorafenib, zoledronic acid), chemotherapy (e.g., doxorubicin), and proteasome inhibitors (e.g., bortezomib), achieving >50% tumor volume reduction and metastasis suppression in xenograft models through dual mTORC1/2 blockade, stress-apoptosis activation, and microenvironment remodeling. Clinically, phase II trials report a 45% 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate for EVR-sorafenib combinations in refractory osteosarcoma, albeit with manageable toxicity. Precision oncology approaches, such as EVR combined with tumor-treating fields (TTFields) and immune checkpoint inhibitors, further reveal its role in DNA repair-deficient subtypes and TME modulation. However, challenges persist, including mTORC2-mediated resistance, limited intratumoral bioavailability (<20% plasma levels), and biomarker scarcity. Future strategies emphasize bone-targeted nanoparticle delivery systems, dual-target inhibitors (e.g., RapaLink-1), and dynamic multi-omics predictive models to optimize EVR's precision. By integrating organoid platforms, AI-driven drug screening, and international trials, EVR is poised to evolve from a broad-spectrum agent into a molecularly guided therapeutic hub, bridging \"anti-tumor, bone-protective, and immune-regulatory\" mechanisms. This paradigm shift promises to transform osteosarcoma management from empirical combinations to biomarker-driven precision therapy, ultimately improving survival and quality of life for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"19 ","pages":"1630239"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-coding RNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer.","authors":"Veronica Barbi, Sara De Martino, Aurora Aiello, Michela Gottardi Zamperla, Sara Negri, Luca Cis, Valeria Pecci, Simona Nanni, Antonella Farsetti, Fabio Martelli, Carlo Gaetano, Sandra Atlante","doi":"10.3389/or.2025.1621144","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2025.1621144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer (BC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its marked heterogeneity - encompassing molecular subtypes, histological characteristics, and variable therapeutic responses - continues to pose persistent clinical challenges Although advances in surgery, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies have significantly improved patient outcomes, issues such as therapeutic resistance and disease relapse are still common, underscoring the need for novel molecular targets. Within this context, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of breast cancer biology and hold promise as diagnostics and therapeutic agents. These non-protein-coding RNA molecules include diverse subclasses, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), each characterized by distinct structural features and biological functions. Mounting evidence implicates ncRNAs in key oncogenic processes - such as tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, immune evasion, and treatment resistance - often in a subtype-specific manner. Importantly, ncRNA expression profiles differ significantly across BC subtypes, and their stability in body fluids underscores their potential utility in liquid biopsy-based diagnostics. This review provides an integrated overview of the multifaceted roles of ncRNAs in BC, emphasizing their mechanisms of action, contributions to tumor heterogeneity, and translational potential as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Understanding ncRNAs complexity and context-specific functions may pave the way toward more precise, personalized interventions for BC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"19 ","pages":"1621144"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12426041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation-induced intestinal injury: from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.","authors":"Wenjue Wu, Yubo Cai, Zhi Yang, Mengshuang Chen, JianYang Hu, Kunlong Qu, Jian Yang","doi":"10.3389/or.2025.1613704","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2025.1613704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) poses a significant clinical challenge for patients undergoing pelvic or abdominal radiotherapy, characterized by dual features of acute symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding) and chronic complications (stricture, fistula, chronic pain), profoundly impacting quality of life. Despite high clinical prevalence, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying RIII remain poorly defined, hindering therapeutic development. Current diagnostic modalities (imaging, endoscopy) lack sensitivity and specificity for early detection or real-time monitoring. While biomarkers offer promise for non-invasive assessment and prognosis, existing candidates face limitations in reproducibility and clinical applicability. Therapeutic options, ranging from pharmaceuticals to surgery, show variable efficacy, underscoring the need for optimized strategies. This review systematically explores RIII pathogenesis, emphasizing radiation-induced immune dysregulation, epigenetic alterations, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. We discuss potential biomarkers, such as miRNA, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), etc. We categorize therapies into radioprotectors (pre-radiation use) and radiomitigators (post-radiation intervention), highlighting natural plant-derived compounds and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for their multi-target effects, alongside emerging approaches like stem cell and microbiota transplantation, with discussions on their therapeutic potential and clinical challenges. Crucially, we exclusively summarize recent clinical translation advances to accelerate drug development. Through critical evaluation of evidence, we propose future directions to refine risk stratification, enable timely intervention, and improve long-term outcomes for irradiated patients. This integrative analysis aims to bridge translational gaps and prioritize research avenues for RIII management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"19 ","pages":"1613704"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12426262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Janus kinase inhibitors - a role for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas?","authors":"Sarah E Packer, Patrick M Brunner","doi":"10.3389/or.2025.1482866","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2025.1482866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite increases in prevalence, many cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients still lack effective and safe therapies for their disease. The most prevalent subtype, mycosis fungoides is usually managed with skin directed treatments in early stages, while advanced stages are often targeted with systemic medications. These treatments are all symptomatic except for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is associated with its own risks of relapse and potentially fatal complications. A novel class of drugs termed \"JAK inhibitors\" (JAKi) has recently been developed primarily for chronic inflammatory diseases, but there is substantial evidence of JAK/STAT pathway overactivation also in CTCL. As of 1 December 2024, 14 JAKis have been collectively approved by the European Medicines Agency, the Food and Drug Administration and the Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency of Japan. Despite some evidence from case reports, the efficacy and safety of JAKi in CTCL remains to be determined in controlled clinical trials. This review summarizes the current evidence on pathogenic JAK activation and its potential therapeutic inhibition in CTCL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"19 ","pages":"1482866"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12375681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METTL1 in human cancers: recognition of their functions, mechanisms and therapeutic value.","authors":"Xinyu Zhang, Yuan Chen, Min Li, Xiaomeng Zhou, Qingcui Song","doi":"10.3389/or.2025.1637372","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2025.1637372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methyltransferase-like 1 (METTL1) is a methyltransferase that modulates the RNA methylation process and has been increasingly investigated in cancer research over the past decade. The review aims to summarize the diverse roles of METTL1 in various cancers, focusing on the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. Furthermore, the therapeutic value and targeting strategies for METTL1 are also discussed to provide the foundation for further development of METTL1-targeted therapies. The article integrates recent research findings to highlight significant discoveries regarding METTL1, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"19 ","pages":"1637372"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12343562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144848201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triplet systemic therapy for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a critical review with a multidisciplinary approach.","authors":"Almudena Zapatero, Teresa Alonso-Gordoa, Alfredo Rodríguez Antolín, Felipe Couñago, Noelia Sanmamed, Mario Domínguez Esteban, Marta López Valcárcel, Ray Manneh, Ángel Borque-Fernando, Nuria Sala González, Pablo Maroto","doi":"10.3389/or.2025.1599292","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2025.1599292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article aims to critically evaluate the evidence for triplet therapy consisting of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), docetaxel and a second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitor ([ARPI]; abiraterone, enzalutamide, darolutamide or apalutamide) in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), and what this evidence reveals regarding the use of these treatments in clinical practice. A search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science was conducted in April 2024 to identify relevant prospective and retrospective observational trials, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses. The search identified 52 relevant articles: six full articles and 31 abstracts based on three RCTs, one observational study and 14 meta-analyses. Abiraterone- or darolutamide-containing triplet therapy was significantly better than ADT + docetaxel for improving overall survival in all study populations, particularly subgroups with high-volume and/or synchronous disease. The tolerability of ADT + docetaxel and triplet therapy were similar with most adverse events related to docetaxel. There were no data comparing triplet therapy with ADT + ARPI doublet therapy. Triplet therapy appears to be the most effective first-line regimen for men with mHSPC, good performance status and high-volume and synchronous metastases. Darolutamide-based triplet therapy may also be of benefit in other patients with high- or low-risk disease. Careful consideration of the risks and benefits are required to determine which patients can be spared from receiving docetaxel and rather be treated with alternative regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"19 ","pages":"1599292"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic counseling for hereditary cancer syndromes: a 5-year experience from a single center in Bulgaria.","authors":"Mari Hachmeriyan, Mariya Levkova, Dinnar Yahya, Milena Stoyanova, Eleonora Dimitrova","doi":"10.3389/or.2025.1605606","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2025.1605606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a 5-year retrospective analysis of genetic counseling (GC) services for hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) at a single center in Bulgaria. The aim is to describe the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of patients seeking GC, the uptake of genetic testing, and the spectrum of identified pathogenic variants. The results highlight an increasing trend in GC utilization. Key findings include differences in patient profiles between those seeking general HCS assessment and those undergoing tumor biomarker testing, the impact of financial accessibility on genetic testing uptake, and a pathogenic variant detection rate of 28% in tested individuals. The most frequently identified conditions were Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome and Lynch Syndrome, with pathogenic variants detected in genes such as <i>BRCA1, MSH2, PALB2,</i> and <i>STK11</i>. These findings underscore the need for enhanced awareness, improved financial access to testing, and the establishment of systematic cascade screening programs in Bulgaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"19 ","pages":"1605606"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitophagy in the mechanisms of treatment resistance in solid tumors.","authors":"Xiaoyi Yan, Hui Ding, Mengxiao Ren, Lei Zang","doi":"10.3389/or.2025.1607983","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2025.1607983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aims to explore the mechanisms by which mitophagy contributes to treatment resistance in solid tumors. As advancements in cancer therapies continue to evolve, treatment resistance emerges as a significant barrier to successful tumor management. Mitophagy, a specific form of cellular autophagy, has been implicated in the survival, proliferation, and drug resistance of tumor cells. This article will summarize the latest research findings and analyze how mitophagy impacts the biological characteristics of solid tumors, thereby revealing its potential implications in cancer treatment strategies. By understanding the role of mitophagy in the context of treatment resistance, we may uncover new therapeutic targets and strategies to enhance the efficacy of existing cancer treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"19 ","pages":"1607983"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}