Oncology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Human papillomavirus prevalence in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in South America: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Antônio Carlos Oliveira, Israel Carlos Cavalcanti de Lima, Vitor Marcelo Frez Marques, Wudson Henrique Alves de Araújo, Chrystiano de Campos Ferreira","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2022.552","DOIUrl":"10.4081/oncol.2022.552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some studies have addressed the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck cancer in South America; however, no studies have systematically gathered prevalence and conducted a meta-analysis. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HPV in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in South America. We performed a systematic review and metaanalysis using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data were extracted and analyzed using random-effects models to estimate the pooled prevalence of HPV. We identified 209 nonduplicated studies, of which 38 were selected. The overall prevalence of HPV was 24.31% (95% CI 16.87-32.64; I² = 96%, <i>p</i> _{heterogeneity} <0.001). HPV prevalence in oropharyngeal cancer was 17.9% (95% CI 7.6-31.4; I² = 96%, <i>p</i> _{heterogeneity} <0.001) and that in oral cavity cancer was 23.19% (95% CI 14.94-32.63; I² = 94%, <i>p</i> _{heterogeneity} <0.001). We found an overall prevalence of HPV in 24.31% of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in South American patients. The prevalence of HPV was 17.9% for oropharyngeal cancer and 23.19% for oral cavity cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9012143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49386972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasounds in cancer therapy: A summary of their use and unexplored potential.","authors":"Jesús Frutos Díaz-Alejo, Itziar González Gómez, Julie Earl","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2022.531","DOIUrl":"10.4081/oncol.2022.531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasounds (US) are a non-ionizing mechanical wave, with less adverse effects than conventional pharmacological or surgical treatments. Different biological effects are induced in tissues and cells by ultrasound actuation depending on acoustic parameters, such as the wave intensity, frequency and treatment dose. This non-ionizing radiation has considerable applications in biomedicine including surgery, medical imaging, physical therapy and cancer therapy. Depending on the wave intensity, US are applied as high-intensity ultrasounds (HIUS) and low-intensity pulsed ultrasounds (LIPUS), with different effects on cells and tissues. HIUS produce thermal and mechanical effects, resulting in a large localized temperature increase, leading to tissue ablation and even tumor necrosis. This can be achieved by focusing low intensity waves emitted from different electrically shifted transducers, known as high-intensity focused ultrasounds (HIFU). LIPUS have been used extensively as a therapeutic, surgical and diagnostic tool, with diverse biological effects observed in tissues and cultured cells. US represent a non-invasive treatment strategy that can be applied to selected areas of the body, with limited adverse effects. In fact, tumor ablation using HIFU has been used as a curative treatment in patients with an early-stage pancreatic tumor and is an effective palliative treatment in patients with advanced stage disease. However, the biological effects, dose standardization, benefit-risk ratio and safety are not fully understood. Thus, it is an emerging field that requires further research in order to reach its full potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8941342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43706882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential radon exposure and cancer","authors":"Akhila Reddy, Camila Conde, Christopher Peterson, Kenneth M Nugent","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2022.558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2022.558","url":null,"abstract":"Radon is an established human lung carcinogen naturally released as an odorless, colorless gas from soil and rocks. It is a major environmental source of ionizing radiation and can cause oxidative damage to DNA, increasing the risk of lung cancer. Although the association between radon and lung cancer is well established, the association between radon and other cancers is not. Based on reported studies, there is no consistent evidence indicating an association between radon and non-solid and solid cancers, but limited literature, heterogenous study design, and confounding variables preclude definitive conclusions. More research is needed to evaluate the association between residential radon and non-lung cancers, particularly with regard to skin cancer, central nervous system (CNS) cancer, renal, and stomach cancer, in which existing literature suggests potential associations with residential radon may exist. However, the literature largely demonstrates that lung cancer is the primary concern associated with residential radon exposure; the lack of association with nonlung cancers could reflect the lack of studies which have an adequate sample size, establish accurate levels of radon exposure, and control for confounders. These results should be considered in residential radon mitigation efforts which should focus on smokers with high radon exposures.","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41459897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose transporters as markers of diagnosis and prognosis in cancer diseases","authors":"L. Szablewski","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2022.561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2022.561","url":null,"abstract":"The primary metabolic substrate for cells is glucose, which acts as both a source of energy and a substrate in several processes. However, being lipophilic, the cell membrane is impermeable to glucose and specific carrier proteins are needed to allow transport. In contrast to normal cells, cancer cells are more likely to generate energy by glycolysis; as this process generates fewer molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) than complete oxidative breakdown, more glucose molecules are needed. The increased demand for glucose in cancer cells is satisfied by overexpression of a number of glucose transporters, and decreased levels of others. As specific correlations have been observed between the occurrence of cancer and the expression of glucose carrier proteins, the presence of changes in expression of glucose transporters may be treated as a marker of diagnosis and/or prognosis for cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47359149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular drivers of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in non-smoking and non-drinking patients: what do we know so far?","authors":"Sophia Uddin, Alka Singh, Vasudha Mishra, Nishant Agrawal, Zhen Gooi, Evgeny Izumchenko","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2022.549","DOIUrl":"10.4081/oncol.2022.549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers worldwide. It is well known that risk factors for OCSCC include tobacco and excess alcohol consumption. However, in recent years, OCSCC incidence has been increasing in patients without these traditional risk factors. The cause of this increase is unclear and various genetic, environmental, and infectious factors have been hypothesized to play a role. Additionally, there are expert opinions that oral cancer in non-smoking, non-drinking (NSND) patients have a distinct phenotype resulting in more aggressive disease presentation and poorer prognosis. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge for oral cavity cancer in patients without traditional risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9a/d0/onco-16-1-549.PMC8941340.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9116820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NF-κB Signaling in Tumor Pathways Focusing on Breast and Ovarian Cancer.","authors":"Monika Devanaboyina,&nbsp;Jasskiran Kaur,&nbsp;Emma Whiteley,&nbsp;Leslie Lin,&nbsp;Katelyn Einloth,&nbsp;Susan Morand,&nbsp;Laura Stanbery,&nbsp;Danae Hamouda,&nbsp;John Nemunaitis","doi":"10.3389/or.2022.10568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/or.2022.10568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune disorders and cancer share a common pathway involving NF-κb signaling. Through involvement with GM-CSF, NF-κB can contribute to proliferation and activation of T- and B- cells as well as immune cell migration to sites of inflammation. In breast cancer, this signaling pathway has been linked to resistance with endocrine and chemotherapies. Similarly, in ovarian cancer, NF-κB influences angiogenesis and inflammation pathways. Further, BRCA1 signaling common to both breast and ovarian cancer also has the capability to induce NF-κB activity. Immunotherapy involving NF-κB can also be implemented to combat chemoresistance. The complex signaling pathways of NF-κB can be harnessed for developing cancer therapeutics to promote immunotherapy for improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9756851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10460149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Studies on the Seasonal Variation of Indoor Radon-222 Concentration.","authors":"Guadie Degu Belete,&nbsp;Aragaw Msganaw Shiferaw","doi":"10.3389/or.2022.10570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/or.2022.10570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to their electrostatic nature, radon decay products can attach to solid particles and aerosols in the air. Inhalation and ingestion are therefore the two main routes through which people are exposed to radon and its decay products. During the inhalation of these radioactive aerosols, deposition takes place in different regions of the human respiratory tract. The deposited aerosols carrying radon and its progeny undergo a continuous radioactive transformation and expose the lung to ionizing alpha radiation, which can destroy the sensitive cells in the lung, causing a mutation that turns cancerous. Radon which is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless radioactive noble gas is a major health concern and is the second leading cause of lung cancer. To address this, an indoor radon survey was conducted in many countries internationally, with results showing that indoor radon concentration has a seasonal variation. This is due to the fluctuation of environmental parameters and the geological nature of buildings. Its concentration was found to be maximum in the cool (winter) season and a minimum concentration was recorded in the warm (summer) season of the year.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9756844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10749218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy using PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: A systematic review.","authors":"Dione Fernandes Tavares,&nbsp;Victoria Chaves Ribeiro,&nbsp;Marco Antônio Vieira Andrade,&nbsp;Laércio Moreira Cardoso-Júnior,&nbsp;Thiago Rhangel Gomes Teixeira,&nbsp;Gabriela Ramos Varrone,&nbsp;Renata Lopes Britto","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2021.497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2021.497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in women worldwide. Despite the significant benefits of using conventional chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer, one of its subtypes, the triple-negative breast cancer, is still a challenge in clinical practice. Recent studies have been investigating the role of the immune system in breast cancer and the development of immunotherapy. Although recently the use of atezolizumab, an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, combined with chemotherapy was approved, an important step in the treatment of patients with triple-negative metastatic breast cancer, the use of immunotherapy to treat breast tumors remains a major challenge. In this systematic literature review, following PRISMA guidelines, we searched for clinical trials using immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer published until March 2020 in the databases EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), with no language restrictions. We did not contact the authors of the clinical trials to obtain additional information. Two researchers independently collected the data and assessed the quality of this study. The literature shows that immunotherapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents is emerging as a new treatment option in breast cancer. On the other hand, when compared to other types of cancer in which several agents have already been approved, the research is still in its infancy. The use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents as monotherapy revealed encouraging results in the metastatic setting, especially when administered in the early course of the disease, although combination strategies with chemotherapy appear to increase its efficacy. The main limitation of this study is the approach of cancer only in advanced stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/ad/onco-15-2-497.PMC8678626.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39889943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of imatinib and nilotinib on blood calcium and blood potassium levels in chronic myeloid leukemia patients: a literature review.","authors":"Muhammad Darwin Prenggono,&nbsp;Alfi Yasmina,&nbsp;Misna Ariyah,&nbsp;Tenri Ashari Wanahari,&nbsp;Nuvita Hasrianti","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2021.547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2021.547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imatinib and nilotinib are first-line treatments for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, which act specifically against target cells. However, these drugs may cause side effects, such as electrolyte disturbances. This literature review aimed to provide a comparison of the effects of imatinib and nilotinib on blood potassium and calcium levels. It also summarized their hypothetical mechanism. A comprehensive electronic search of the different databases was conducted using 'chronic myeloid leukemia', 'tyrosine kinase inhibitors', 'imatinib', 'nilotinib', 'potassium', 'calcium', 'electrolytes' as keywords. This review used PubMed- MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar as the source databases. Sixteen articles published from 2006 to 2020 were reviewed. Changes in blood potassium levels range from increased to decreased levels, while changes in blood calcium levels range from the lower normal values to below normal values (hypocalcemia). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including imatinib and nilotinib, have a non-specific target, namely plateletderived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), which indirectly affects blood potassium and calcium levels in CML patients. The clinical manifestations of these changes vary from being visible only in laboratory tests to displaying a variety of clinical signs and symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c6/a0/onco-15-2-547.PMC8649642.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39892116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmed death ligand-1 protein expression difference in basal like and non-basal like triple negative breast cancer and its association with disease free survival and overall survival: A systematic review.","authors":"Freda Halim,&nbsp;Hasrayati Agustina,&nbsp;Yohana Azhar,&nbsp;Bethy Hernowo","doi":"10.4081/oncol.2021.533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2021.533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aims to summarize the literature and explore the strength of evidence for PD-L1 expression difference in basal like TNBC and non-basal like TNBC, and association of PD-L1 expression with disease free survival and overall survival in each group. A systematic search of the original research literature through November 29^th, 2020, reported according to PRISMA guideline. Eligible studies investigated must have a primary outcome and at least one secondary outcome. Two reviewers independently searched, selected, and assessed quality of studies and risk of bias. Any discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or by consulting a third and fourth author. A total of 6813 articles were screened from which five articles were selected and assessed for quality of studies and risk of bias. Of 5 articles, no similar findings are found regarding the level of PD-L1 expression and its correlation with recurrence and overall survival. There is not enough substantial evidence to support the difference PD-L1 protein expression level in basal and non-basal like TNBC and its association with recurrence and overall survival. Hence, further studies are needed specifically to focus on this problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/4e/onco-15-2-533.PMC8491008.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39561284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}