Oncology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Uncertain magnitude of benefit of early second-generation androgen receptor antagonist treatment in advanced prostate cancer.","authors":"Emma K van de Weerdt, Ashley J Duits, Michael J Samson, John-John B Schnog","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1750202","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1750202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guidelines currently recommend the early use of second-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) in both castrate-resistant and -sensitive metastatic prostate cancer (with or without chemotherapy) and also in biochemical non-metastatic castrate-sensitive relapse. We highlight design issues in the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that bias the results of early ARSI use, suggesting that the magnitude of benefit might be overestimated and, therefore, uncertain. Issues include sub-optimal post-protocol care, inadequate control arms, and the inclusion of highly selected patients, which are increasingly characteristic of contemporary cancer RCTs. The uncertainty regarding the true magnitude of benefit of early ARSI use complicates health technology assessment (HTA). Recognition of such trial design issues with their resultant magnitude of benefit uncertainty is important not only for individual patient care but also for cancer policy decision-making in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1750202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148043270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advancements in the application of artificial intelligence-based approaches for screening, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cervical cancer.","authors":"SubbaRao V Tulimilli, Medha Karnik, Sam Cockroft, Anjali Devi S Bettadapura, Suma M Nataraj, Habeeb Shaik Mohideen, Sinisa Dovat, Arati Sharma, SubbaRao V Madhunapantula","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1760156","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1760156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common type of cancer among women. Majority of CC cases (84%-90%) have been reported in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) subtypes is responsible for >90% of the cervical cancers. CC is preventable by timely vaccination with HPV vaccine. Early diagnosis, treatment and disease recurrence prediction markers play a significant role in improving the patient outcome, yet LMICs are seeing a continuous increase in CC cases. Lack of sensitive self-screening technologies, effective diagnostic methods and accessible treatment options are predominantly contributing to this increase. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods have revolutionized CC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment agent selection by (a) enhancing the accuracy of screening and diagnostic methods; (b) assisting the clinicians in predicting various prognostic factors such as lymph node metastasis, treatment response, survival outcome, postoperative risk factors; and (c) providing dose prediction, treatment planning, segmentation of target volume and organ at risk. AI algorithms can analyze complex datasets, including medical images, patient data, and genetic information, to identify patterns and predict outcomes that might have not been considered by traditional methods. AI-based analysis provides more accurate diagnosis and improved risk stratification in a very short duration, while helping in the design of tailored treatment strategies. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of emerging ML and DL methods and comprehensively evaluate the role of AI-based approaches in the screening, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of CC. Finally, we discuss challenges and limitations associated with the use of AI models in CC screening, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. We have also focused on emerging AI models that can be applied in CC research and treatment to overcome the current challenges and limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1760156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13199244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148033396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mucosal-neural axis in chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity.","authors":"Mikaela R Nemani, Sandra Rieger","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1814601","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1814601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity (CIGT) is a common, dose-limiting complication of cancer therapy that manifests as mucositis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Epithelial injury, barrier disruption, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signaling are well-established features of CIGT affecting the mucosa, however, these mechanisms do not fully explain the persistence of neurosensory symptoms that can outlast histologic recovery. In particular, the pathways linking epithelial damage to sustained activation of enteric and extrinsic sensory circuits remain incompletely defined. Here, we propose that CIGT involves coordinated interactions between the injured intestinal epithelium and peripheral neural pathways, in which epithelial-derived signals and inflammatory mediators drive neuronal hyperexcitability and sustained sensory dysfunction. Serotonergic signaling from enterochromaffin cells represents a well-established mechanism linking epithelial activity to vagal afferents and nausea. In contrast, the contributions of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, barrier dysfunction, and microbial dysbiosis to enteric and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron sensitization remains less clearly defined. Current clinical management is largely palliative and targets downstream symptoms rather than upstream epithelial-to-neural interactions. A better understanding of how epithelial injury engages neural pathways may enable mechanism-based therapies that improve symptom control, preserve treatment intensity, and enhance patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1814601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13199300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148033613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in cancer biomarker discovery over fifteen years: diagnostics and prognostic approach in somatic cancer.","authors":"Mohd Basheeruddin, Sana Qausain, Ashish Anjankar, Faez Iqbal Khan","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1809836","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1809836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer biomarkers are now recognized as major tools for early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis. In the last 10 years or so, molecular biology, proteomics, and genomics have been rapidly advancing to find tissue-specific biomarkers used in clinical practice. In this review, the development of the cancer biomarkers published in 2011-2025, for lung, breast, liver, and kidney cancers, is reviewed. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, including human and published English studies. A variety of detection approaches, including immunohistochemistry, next-generation sequencing, and liquid biopsy technology, were assessed with an explicit focus on clinically relevant biomarkers. The main trends indicate that while classic protein markers, particularly carcinoembryonic antigen and neuron-specific enolase in lung cancer, hormone receptor status and HER2 in breast cancer, and alpha-fetoprotein in liver cancer, have evolved, many modern genomic markers including epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements, TP53 mutations, vascular endothelial growth factor pathways, and von Hippel-Lindau gene alterations have evolved, resulting in a large gap in their knowledge. These innovations underscore the importance of molecular biomarkers in supporting early detection, targeted therapy, and enhanced surveillance of disease progression. Cancer biomarker studies have evolved from protein-based biomarkers to encompass both genomic and transcriptomic targets, which may allow for more targeted and individualized cancer interventions. Multi-omics integration and novel types of biomarkers like circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and microRNAs will focus on developing early diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment strategies as a prerequisite of such work.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1809836"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148016645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric cancer patients admitted to the intensive care unit during treatment: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Joanna Sordyl, Maria Damps, Katarzyna Skowron-Kandzia, Karolina Baranowska, Agnieszka Mizia-Malarz","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1699224","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1699224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment of childhood cancer is associated with a substantial risk of life-threatening complications that may require admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Data describing clinical characteristics, indications for intensive care, and outcomes in this population remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, single-center study analyzed all pediatric oncology patients who required PICU admission because of acute clinical deterioration during cancer treatment between 2010 and 2022. Fifty-one children treated at the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Chemotherapy of the Upper Silesian Child Health Centre (Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland) were included. Demographic data, underlying malignancies, reasons for PICU admission, laboratory findings, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 61 PICU hospitalizations occurred, including repeated admissions in nine patients with leukemia. Most children were diagnosed with hematological malignancies, followed by brain tumors and extracranial solid tumors. The leading indications for PICU admission were septic shock, respiratory failure, and cardiopulmonary failure, accounting for 75.4% of cases. Cardiovascular support with catecholamines was required in 52.5% of patients, and renal replacement therapy was initiated in 18.0%. Both catecholamine use and renal replacement therapy were independently associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality. Life-threatening complications requiring intensive care occurred most frequently during leukemia treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Severe treatment-related complications requiring intensive care are common in pediatric oncology, particularly among children with hematological malignancies. Septic shock during neutropenia remains the predominant cause of PICU admission. Early identification of clinical deterioration and clearly defined criteria for timely PICU referral-especially in cases of septic shock-may improve survival outcomes in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1699224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13176274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rebound regrowth phenomenon in patients with pediatric low-grade gliomas treated with MAPK inhibitors - a systematic review.","authors":"Malgorzata Styczewska, Weronika Lyzinska, Malgorzata A Krawczyk, Ewa Bien","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1815932","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1815932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitors (MAPKi) are an important therapeutic option for patients with unresectable, symptomatic or progressive pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs). Despite high disease control rates during treatment, tumor regrowth following MAPKi discontinuation has been reported. This phenomenon, termed rebound regrowth (RR), appears biologically and clinically distinct from classic off-therapy progression or acquired resistance to MAPKi. However, the incidence, timing, and predictors of RR remain poorly defined. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on RR following MAPKi discontinuation in pLGG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Eligible studies included clinical trials, cohort studies, and case reports/series, involving patients aged 0-25 years with NF1-associated or sporadic pLGG, who experienced RR after MAPKi dose reduction or discontinuation. RR was defined as radiological progression within 6 months after treatment cessation. Cohort-level and individual patient-level data were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty publications met inclusion criteria. Among ten studies involving ≥10 patients, RR was documented in at least 23 of 131 evaluable individuals. Additionally, individual-level data of 21 patients were analyzed. Most RR events occurred early after MAPKi cessation, were detected radiologically and clinically asymptomatic. RR was reported most frequently in tumors harboring the <i>BRAF</i> ^<i>V600E</i> variant. Most patients responded to MAPKi rechallenge, suggesting preserved drug sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RR is a reproducible and clinically relevant phenomenon following MAPKi discontinuation in pLGG. Standardized definitions, structured post-discontinuation surveillance, and prospective evaluation of treatment duration and dose-tapering strategies are needed to optimize MAPKi discontinuation and long-term disease management in patients with pLGG.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1815932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13168116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy innovations in triple-negative breast cancer: targeting checkpoints, combinations, and biomarkers.","authors":"Zi-Xin Wang, Ju-Hang Chu, Ya-Ru Wang, Lu-Yao Huang, Ming-Ping Qian","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1802090","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1802090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype lacking estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 expression, accounts for 10-20% of breast cancers and is characterized by high metastatic potential and poor survival outcomes. Despite advancements in chemotherapy, the 5-year survival rate for metastatic TNBC remains below 30%, underscoring the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. This review comprehensively examines recent breakthroughs in TNBC immunotherapy, focusing on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), combination strategies, and biomarker-driven therapy. Landmark trials such as KEYNOTE-355 and IMpassion130 have demonstrated that combining PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with chemotherapy improves survival in PD-L1-positive metastatic TNBC. Beyond monotherapy, combination therapies-including dual checkpoint inhibition, PARP inhibitors in BRCA-mutated tumors, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) -show promise in overcoming resistance and enhancing antitumor immunity. Emerging targets further expand therapeutic possibilities, though their paradoxical roles as biomarkers and immunosuppressive mediators require precision-based approaches. Biomarkers like PD-L1, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor mutational burden (TMB), and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are critical for patient stratification and predicting immunotherapy response. Despite progress, challenges persist, including tumor heterogeneity, resistance mechanisms, and access to advanced therapies. Future directions emphasize next-generation ICIs, optimized combination regimens, and AI-driven biomarker integration to achieve durable, personalized treatments. This review underscores the potential of immunotherapy to redefine TNBC management while highlighting the imperative for continued innovation to address unmet clinical needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1802090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of human papillomavirus in oral squamous cell and verrucous carcinomas: a systematic review with case series.","authors":"Luisa Limongelli, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Grazia Marinelli, Francesco Inchingolo, Gianfranco Favia, Lucia Casamassima, Irma Trilli, Laura Ferrante, Marta Forte, Angelo Michele Inchingolo, Gianna Dipalma","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1798220","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1798220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral cancer (OC), particularly squamous cell carcinoma and its variants such as verrucous carcinoma, represents a growing public health concern due to increasing global incidence. While tobacco and alcohol remain the main risk factors, attention has turned to the potential role of human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly with particular consideration on high-risk genotypes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review evaluates current evidence on the association between HPV and OC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords including \"oral carcinoma,\" \"oral squamous cell carcinoma,\" \"oral verrucous carcinoma,\" and \"HPV.\" Screening followed PRISMA guidelines, and 15 articles were selected. Additionally, a case series of patients treated at the Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \"Aldo Moro,\" are presented to provide clinical context. Results. The evidence suggests a possible association between HPV infection, especially genotype 16, and a subset of oral squamous cell carcinomas. However, differences in detection techniques and study design contribute to variability in findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While HPV may play a role in oral carcinogenesis, further high-quality studies are required to clarify its impact. These findings may have implications for screening, prognosis, and prevention strategies, including HPV vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1798220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in the application of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in lung cancer: a review.","authors":"Lisheng Liu, Juxing Zhang","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1797818","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1797818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT, a molecular imaging technique targeting the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), has emerged as a promising tool in the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of lung cancer. Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and accurate imaging modalities are critical for early detection, staging, and treatment monitoring. Current imaging approaches face challenges in differentiating tumor subtypes and assessing tumor biology, which limits personalized treatment strategies. This review systematically summarizes the application of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT across various histological subtypes of lung cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and rare lung cancer variants. We emphasize the correlation between PET imaging findings and immunohistochemical CXCR4 expression, highlighting the diagnostic value and unique imaging characteristics of this modality. Additionally, the potential role of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in guiding radioligand therapy is discussed, alongside its utility in tumor staging, therapeutic response assessment, and individualized treatment planning. By integrating recent clinical studies and systematic evaluations, this review aims to elucidate the advantages and limitations of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT, providing theoretical insights and practical guidance for advancing precision medicine in lung cancer management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1797818"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic progress of hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Wei-Jun Wang, Hong-Xia Yuan, Jin-Zhen Xu, Xing-Dong Wang, Guang-Wei Na, Ke-Ji He, Wen-Ping Sun, Rui Li, Jing Che, Yong-Sheng Cheng","doi":"10.3389/or.2026.1763632","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2026.1763632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy with strong ties to chronic liver diseases and metabolic risks. Its pathogenesis involves complex biological processes where disrupted tumor suppressor genes and activated oncogenes drive aberrant signaling pathways and cellular differentiation. Since most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, only a minority qualify for curative therapies. Although significant therapeutic advances have been made, the overall prognosis remains poor, largely due to high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, a deeper understanding of HCC's molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing effective targeted treatments. This review summarizes current insights into HCC pathogenesis and systematically elaborates on contemporary therapies, discussing their respective advantages and limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"20 ","pages":"1763632"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}