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Impacts of sampling effort on seasonal plant-pollinator interaction turnover over eight years. 8年取样努力对季节性植物-传粉者相互作用周转的影响。
IF 2.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05771-8
Isabella Manning, Leana Zoller, Julian Resasco
{"title":"Impacts of sampling effort on seasonal plant-pollinator interaction turnover over eight years.","authors":"Isabella Manning, Leana Zoller, Julian Resasco","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05771-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05771-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-pollinator interaction networks are dynamic in time and space. Interaction turnover consists of interaction rewiring (i.e., changes in interactions independent of species turnover) and species turnover (i.e., the gain or loss of species present in the network). To capture network dynamics, it is crucial to address the effect of sampling effort because insufficient data can distort apparent network patterns. We used eight years of plant-pollinator interaction data from a subalpine meadow to examine patterns of temporal (week-to-week) interaction turnover and the role of sampling effort. With increasing sampling effort, values of interaction turnover and species turnover decreased, and rewiring increased. Saturation curves suggest an approach towards true values with higher sampling effort. Across the eight years, substantial variation in weekly and seasonal interaction turnover was observed, with identifiable seasonal trends across all aggregated years. These results demonstrated that the interpretation of interaction turnover and its components is sensitive to sampling effort, stressing the importance of considering its role in network studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12254060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are ant-plant mutualisms stronger at lower latitudes? A case study using the castor bean plant. 在低纬度地区,反植物共生关系是否更强?使用蓖麻豆植物的案例研究。
IF 2.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05772-7
Pooja Nathan, Arshyaan Shahid, Anoushka Datta, Vinita Gowda, Megan E Frederickson
{"title":"Are ant-plant mutualisms stronger at lower latitudes? A case study using the castor bean plant.","authors":"Pooja Nathan, Arshyaan Shahid, Anoushka Datta, Vinita Gowda, Megan E Frederickson","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05772-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05772-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Biotic Interactions Hypothesis (BIH) predicts that species interactions will intensify from the poles to the tropics. We studied the ant-plant defensive interaction mediated by extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in the castor bean plant, Ricinus communis, across a ~ 21° latitudinal gradient in its naturalized range in India. Among our study sites, we found that the ant-EFN mutualism in castor bean gets stronger from sub-tropical to tropical latitudes. Investment in mutualism by plants and visitation by ants increased from higher to lower latitudes. Further, latitude significantly explained ant community composition. However, contrary to the predictions of the BIH, standing herbivory increased with latitude, perhaps because plants invest less in biotic defence at higher latitudes. To our knowledge, our study is the first to test for the patterns predicted by the BIH for an ant-plant interaction in the Paleotropics. Results from our study can also help inform sustainable pest control practices for R. communis since India is the world's largest producer of castor oil.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identifying temperature cues driving increased voltinism in a geometrid moth. 在几何蛾中发现温度线索导致voltinism增加。
IF 2.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05770-9
Jemma Guthrie, Hannele M Honkanen, Daniel T Haydon, Colin E Adams
{"title":"Identifying temperature cues driving increased voltinism in a geometrid moth.","authors":"Jemma Guthrie, Hannele M Honkanen, Daniel T Haydon, Colin E Adams","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05770-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05770-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying the environmental cues that determine the timing of developmental processes is vital to understanding the effects of climate change on populations. However, as developmental processes are inherently difficult to measure directly at the population level, the drivers and potential consequences of change in their timings remain unknown in most species. Here we explore the use of long-term monitoring data for assessments of change in the number of generations per year and its impact on abundance, demonstrating new applications for a rapidly growing data source. Data derived from a light trap in west-central Scotland operated over 56 years (1968 to 2023) showed that the small phoenix moth, Ecliptopera silaceata, switched from a univoltine to bivoltine generation pattern. This voltinism change was predicted by an increased minimum temperature in a critical time window towards the later part of the first generation's flight period. The population shows positive density dependence and the change in voltinism has no significant negative effect on population size, indicating no evidence of a developmental trap that has been postulated for other species. These results identify some of the proximate mechanisms of developmental responses to climate change in general and in voltinism in particular, specifically highlighting the importance of sustained temperature above minimum thresholds for development. These results could also help to make predictions about future changes in population sizes under climate change and increasing voltinism, in addition to how these changes may differ between species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biogeographic variation in mussel shell thickness and drilling predation on rocky shores. 岩石海岸贻贝壳厚度和钻孔捕食的生物地理变异。
IF 2.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05760-x
Emily K Longman, Eric Sanford
{"title":"Biogeographic variation in mussel shell thickness and drilling predation on rocky shores.","authors":"Emily K Longman, Eric Sanford","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05760-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05760-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although predator and prey species often interact over broad geographic ranges, little consideration has been given to whether environmentally-driven variation in prey traits might create a landscape of selection that shapes the evolution of predator traits. Here, we investigate whether predatory intertidal snails (the dogwhelk Nucella canaliculata) vary in their drilling capacity in association with prey defenses (mussel shell thickness) over ~ 1000 km of coastline in the northeast Pacific. We analyzed mussels (Mytilus californianus) collected over two decades and found that shells from central Oregon were historically ~ 20% thicker than those from California. We tested the drilling capacity of dogwhelks raised under common-garden laboratory conditions and found that dogwhelks from California could drill mussels 3.4 times thicker than those from Oregon. Thus, dogwhelks with stronger drilling ability are associated with thinner mussel shells. Although these findings appear counterintuitive at first, they are consistent with strong prey-driven selection on the predator in California, and a region of weak selection in Oregon where mussels may be too thick to favor drilling. Our results also suggest that this selective landscape may be changing; consistent with recent studies of ocean acidification, mussels collected in 2019 were thinner than in prior decades, particularly in Oregon. Overall, our study highlights the importance of studying species interactions within an explicit geographic context of shifting selection pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction: Increased temperatures could heighten vulnerability of an ant-plant mutualism. 更正:温度升高会增加反植物共生的脆弱性。
IF 2.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05766-5
Talita Câmara, Nathália Thais Cavalcante, Hiram Marinho Falcão, Esther Santana, Gisele Dos Santos Silva Teixeira, Xavier Arnan
{"title":"Correction: Increased temperatures could heighten vulnerability of an ant-plant mutualism.","authors":"Talita Câmara, Nathália Thais Cavalcante, Hiram Marinho Falcão, Esther Santana, Gisele Dos Santos Silva Teixeira, Xavier Arnan","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05766-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05766-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The long and short of it: travel distance and territorial intruder pressure predict central-place spawning tactics among Caribbean Stegastes damselfishes. 它的长和短:旅行距离和领土入侵者的压力预测了加勒比stegasted豆娘鱼的中心产卵策略。
IF 2.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05761-w
Taylor L Hobbs, Richard S Nemeth, Donna Nemeth, Kayla M Blincow, Paul C Sikkel
{"title":"The long and short of it: travel distance and territorial intruder pressure predict central-place spawning tactics among Caribbean Stegastes damselfishes.","authors":"Taylor L Hobbs, Richard S Nemeth, Donna Nemeth, Kayla M Blincow, Paul C Sikkel","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05761-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05761-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central place activities present conflicting demands or tradeoffs between activities at and away from the central place. Stegastes damselfishes are small, mostly reef-associated fishes that are common in shallow tropical and sub-tropical marine environments. Both sexes defend a territory consisting of their food supply and shelter sites, with male territories also including a nest where females lay eggs which are then guarded by the male. Females therefore need to leave their territory to spawn in male nests, putting them at risk of attack during travel and leaving their territory exposed to intruders while away. Female egg-laying tactics can vary among and within species-some complete spawning during a single, extended bout, while others do so in multiple bouts, separated by visits to their territory. Spawning behavior and behaviors associated with territoriality of 101 individuals from 6 species were observed between June 2022 and May 2023 to identify and quantify the factors that influence variation in spawning tactics both within and among Stegastes species. Specifically, we tested two predictions of the hypothesis that dividing spawning with a single male into bouts allows individuals to balance the tradeoff between travel costs and intruder pressure for females of permanently territorial damselfishes: (1) intruder pressure will be positively related to the number of spawning trips among species and/or among females within species; and (2) travel distance will be negatively related to the number of spawning trips. Results of this study showed that Stegastes females increase their spawning bouts with an increase in intruder pressure and decrease their spawning bouts with an increase in travel distance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Without the locals' aid: no evidence for a role of admixture in the colonisation success of Italian wall lizards. 没有当地人的帮助:没有证据表明意大利壁虎在成功的殖民中扮演了混合的角色。
IF 2.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05769-2
Lisa Van Linden, Hannes Svardal, Anamaria Štambuk, Anthony Herrel, Raoul Van Damme
{"title":"Without the locals' aid: no evidence for a role of admixture in the colonisation success of Italian wall lizards.","authors":"Lisa Van Linden, Hannes Svardal, Anamaria Štambuk, Anthony Herrel, Raoul Van Damme","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05769-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05769-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The successful establishment of small founding populations introduced into novel environments often represents a paradox, given the genetic challenges they face. Genetic admixture, whether intra- or interspecific, may offer a solution by enhancing the genetic diversity and adaptability of the population. Here, we explore the role of genetic admixture in the rapid establishment and adaptation of the Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus) introduced on Pod Mrčaru, a small islet in the Adriatic Sea. Introduced in 1971 in a small group of ten individuals from a nearby island, this population rapidly adapted to its new environment, outcompeting the native Dalmatian wall lizard (Podarcis melisellensis) and exhibiting striking ecological and phenotypic shifts. Using whole-genome sequencing data from P. siculus populations on Pod Mrčaru and neighbouring islands and from P. melisellensis, we investigated population structure, admixture, and gene flow to test whether inter- or intraspecific genetic exchange contributed to the successful establishment and divergence of the introduced population. Despite the sympatric presence of P. melisellensis during the introduction of P. siculus on Pod Mrčaru, and thus the opportunity for genetic exchange, we found no evidence of hybridisation between the two species. Even amongst neighboring island populations of P. siculus, we observed only limited gene flow, suggesting relatively independent evolution of the populations since their establishment on the islands. These findings highlight the potentially significant roles of distinct selective pressures and/or ecological and phenotypic plasticity, rather than genetic exchange, in driving the population's rapid adaptation to a novel environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 7","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Running to the mountains: changes in plant-pollinator networks structure over space. 跑到山上:植物传粉者网络结构在空间上的变化。
IF 2.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05764-7
Yasmine Antonini, Montserrat Arista, Fernanda Vieira da Costa, Alejandro Núñez Cabajal, Juan Arroyo
{"title":"Running to the mountains: changes in plant-pollinator networks structure over space.","authors":"Yasmine Antonini, Montserrat Arista, Fernanda Vieira da Costa, Alejandro Núñez Cabajal, Juan Arroyo","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05764-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05764-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-pollinator networks play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, especially in mountainous regions. Plant-pollinators networks experience various influences from biotic and abiotic factors across elevation gradients and flowering seasons, impacting species distribution, interactions, and community structures. In our study, we examined plant-pollinator network structures at 14 sites across elevations from 1000 to 1800 m above sea level in a Mediterranean mountainous area. The study aimed to determine if plant-pollinator network structures remain consistent across different spatial contexts (elevations and habitats) and to assess the impact of abiotic drivers on network structure. We documented a total of 3343 interactions involving 343 pollinator species and 44 plant species, with bees and flies as prominent participants. Results showed low nestedness, which increased only with rainfall, and was generally higher in forests than in outcrop areas. High specialization was noted, with an increase in specialization correlated with rainfall. Network modularity was more pronounced in outcrops compared to forests, with soil temperature and rainfall boosting modularity. Interaction diversity was greater in outcrops and showed a positive relationship with rainfall. High robustness correlated inversely with specialization. Our findings highlight that flower and pollinator diversity, combined with climatic factors, predict network modularity, specialization, and robustness. This research illustrates how network structures differ across habitat types and elevation, revealing potential vulnerabilities of plant-pollinator interactions to environmental changes throughout the flowering season. We also highlight the potential impact of climate change on pollination networks on mountain areas (as hotspots of biodiversity).</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 7","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do leaves make waves? Detecting vibrations from rapid movements in the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica. 树叶会引起波浪吗?检测敏感植物含羞草快速运动产生的振动。
IF 2.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05757-6
Sabrina C J Michael, Reginald B Cocroft
{"title":"Do leaves make waves? Detecting vibrations from rapid movements in the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica.","authors":"Sabrina C J Michael, Reginald B Cocroft","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05757-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05757-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is great current interest in the field of plant acoustics, including the potential for plants to both perceive and produce acoustic cues. Many plants emit high-frequency clicks under water stress or injury, and the growing root tips of corn seedlings produce audio-frequency clicks. We investigated the possibility that rapid plant movements produce acoustic cues in the form of plant-borne vibration, focusing on the leaf-folding movements of the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica. We induced leaf-folding while recording vibrations from the leaf base using a laser vibrometer. Having recorded characteristic and relatively high-amplitude vibrations, we then assessed the source of the vibrations: the physiologic motor that drives movement, or the contact between moving parts of the leaf. Vibrations were produced when folding pinnules contacted neighboring pinnules and the rachis of the stem. The frequency range and amplitude of the vibrations are comparable to other vibrational cues that both plants and insects perceive and respond to. In nature, leaf folding is induced by contact with potential herbivores. Potential receivers of leaf-folding vibrations include the attacking herbivore, for which the leaf movement and vibration may constitute a multimodal startle display; nearby predatory insects, for which the vibration provides a cue of prey location; and leaves on the same or neighboring plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 7","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foraging flexibility in response to at-sea constraints in a deep diver, the king penguin: an experimental study. 一项实验研究:深潜水员王企鹅对海上限制的觅食灵活性。
IF 2.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05754-9
Camille Lemonnier, Charles-André Bost, Nicolas Joly, Antoine Stier, Jean-Patrice Robin, Yves Handrich, Anne Cillard, Marine Montblanc, Pierre Bize, Vincent A Viblanc
{"title":"Foraging flexibility in response to at-sea constraints in a deep diver, the king penguin: an experimental study.","authors":"Camille Lemonnier, Charles-André Bost, Nicolas Joly, Antoine Stier, Jean-Patrice Robin, Yves Handrich, Anne Cillard, Marine Montblanc, Pierre Bize, Vincent A Viblanc","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05754-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05754-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When foraging, marine top predators rely on increasingly unpredictable oceanographic structures. Central place foragers are particularly affected. Their efficiency at replenishing their body reserves at sea while feeding their offspring on land relies on accurately targeting predictable foraging locations. Therefore, increased time and effort spent searching for resources is likely to compromise reproduction. Here, we used an experimental design to assess the flexibility of breeding king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) foraging behavior in response to harsh conditions at sea, and examined the consequences on the growth and survival of their chick. We tested for behavioral adjustments to compensate for experimentally increased foraging workload, obtained by the application of a hydrodynamic drag effect. Compared to controls, treated adults more directly targeted a predictable hydrographic feature, the Polar Front, while limiting the increased costs of deep diving. Treated adults significantly increased hunting activity at shallower depths where the effect of treatment on diving efficiency was negligible. Our experiment resulted in decreased body mass gain during the brooding stage of chicks raised by treated parents compared to controls, with no direct effects on chick survival up to the winter period, but significant negative effects during winter. We identified two different strategies for foraging in king penguins: (1) foraging at the Polar Front where prey patches are more predictable and accessible at shallower depths or (2) foraging closer to the colony by targeting preys at deeper depths. These results highlight the possibility of a trade-off between distance and depth in breeding king penguin foraging behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 7","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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