Oecologia最新文献_第5页

The influence of vertebrate scavengers on leakage of nutrients from carcasses. 脊椎动物食腐动物对尸体营养物质泄漏的影响。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05608-w

Elke Wenting, Patrick A Jansen, Simon Burggraeve, Devon F Delsman, Henk Siepel, Frank van Langevelde

{"title":"The influence of vertebrate scavengers on leakage of nutrients from carcasses.","authors":"Elke Wenting, Patrick A Jansen, Simon Burggraeve, Devon F Delsman, Henk Siepel, Frank van Langevelde","doi":"10.1007/s00442-024-05608-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-024-05608-w","url":null,"abstract":"The decomposition of carcasses by scavengers and microbial decomposers is an important component of the biochemical cycle that can strongly alter the chemical composition of soils locally. Different scavenger guilds are assumed to have a different influence on the chemical elements that leak into the soil, although this assumption has not been empirically tested. Here, we experimentally determine how different guilds of vertebrate scavengers influence local nutrient dynamics. We performed a field experiment in which we systematically excluded different subsets of vertebrate scavengers from decomposing carcasses of fallow deer (Dama dama), and compared elemental concentrations in the soil beneath and in the vegetation next to the carcasses over time throughout the decomposition process. We used four exclusion treatments: excluding (1) no scavengers, thus allowing them all; (2) wild boar (Sus scrofa); (3) all mammals; and (4) all mammals and birds. We found that fluxes of several elements into the soil showed distinct peaks when all vertebrates were excluded. Especially, trace elements (Cu and Zn) seemed to be influenced by carcass decomposition. However, we found no differences in fluxes between partial exclusion treatments. Thus, vertebrate scavengers indeed reduce leakage of elements from carcasses into the soil, hence influencing local biochemical cycles, but did so independent of which vertebrate scavenger guild had access. Our results suggest that carcass-derived elements are dispersed over larger areas rather than locally leak into the soil when vertebrate scavengers dominate the decomposition process.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":" ","pages":"21-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Warming suppresses grassland recovery in biomass but not in community composition after grazing exclusion in a Mongolian grassland 变暖抑制了蒙古草原禁牧后生物量的恢复，但没有抑制群落组成的恢复

IF 2.7 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05620-0

Toshihiko Kinugasa, Yu Yoshihara, Ryoga Aoki, Batdelger Gantsetseg, Takehiro Sasaki

{"title":"Warming suppresses grassland recovery in biomass but not in community composition after grazing exclusion in a Mongolian grassland","authors":"Toshihiko Kinugasa, Yu Yoshihara, Ryoga Aoki, Batdelger Gantsetseg, Takehiro Sasaki","doi":"10.1007/s00442-024-05620-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-024-05620-0","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a 4-year temperature manipulation experiment in a Mongolian grassland to examine the effect of daytime and nighttime warming on grassland recovery after grazing exclusion. After constructing a livestock exclusion fence in the grassland, we established daytime and daytime-and-nighttime warming treatments within the fenced area by a combination of open-top chambers (OTC) and electric heaters. We measured the numbers of plants and aboveground biomass by species after recording percentage vegetation cover every summer for three warming treatments inside the fence—non-warming, daytime warming, and daytime-and-nighttime warming—and for the grassland outside of the fence. OTCs increased daytime temperature by about 2.0 °C, and heaters increased nighttime temperature by 0.9 °C during the growing period. Grazing exclusion had little effect on grassland biomass but reduced the abundance of poorly palatable species and modified plant community composition. Daytime warming decreased soil moisture and lowered aboveground biomass within the fenced grassland but had little effect on plant community composition. Nighttime warming lowered soil moisture further but its effects on grassland biomass and community composition were undetectable. We concluded that recovery of plant biomass in grasslands degraded by grazing would be lowered by future climate warming through soil drying. Because warming had little effect on the recovery of community composition, adverse effects of warming on grassland recovery might be offset by improving plant productivity through mitigation of soil drying by watering. Soil drying due to nighttime warming might have detectable effects on vegetation when warming persists for a long time.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-fire temporal dynamics of plant-pollinator communities in a tropical savanna 热带稀树草原植物授粉者群落火灾后的时间动态

IF 2.7 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05619-7

Alberto L. Teixido, Camila S. Souza, Gudryan J. Barônio, Maria R. Sigrist, Josué Raizer, Camila Aoki

{"title":"Post-fire temporal dynamics of plant-pollinator communities in a tropical savanna","authors":"Alberto L. Teixido, Camila S. Souza, Gudryan J. Barônio, Maria R. Sigrist, Josué Raizer, Camila Aoki","doi":"10.1007/s00442-024-05619-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-024-05619-7","url":null,"abstract":"Fire is a major ecological and evolutionary factor promoting biodiversity and maintaining functioning of naturally fire-prone ecosystems. In tropical savannas, plant communities show a set of fire-adapted traits and both flowering and pollination services have the potential to rapidly regenerate after fire, but fire-suppression policies may disrupt this adaptability following potential woody encroachment. Understanding the effects of fire on plant–pollinator interactions are required to advance conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We evaluated the dynamics of plant community assemblage, flower availability, composition of flower functional traits associated with attractiveness to pollinators, and activity and diversity of insect pollinator guilds over ten post-fire stand ages along a 14-year chronosequence in a naturally burned region in the Cerrado, a megadiverse savanna in Brazil. We expect to find a high resilience of plant-pollinator communities and a steady decline in the successional recovery as time-since-fire proceeds. Along the post-fire chronosequence, vegetation was dominated by subshrubs with tubular, white, and nectar flowers arranged in inflorescences, while bees were the predominant pollinators. Plant assemblage and flower number showed an initial significant increase but monotonically declined after 7–9 years after fire. Accordingly, pollinator richness and abundance significantly reached highest peaks in interim periods and a steady decline over time. In contrast, the frequency of community-wide plant-life form, flower functional traits, and pollinator diversity remained unaltered over the post-fire chronosequence. We added compelling evidence of a high post-fire resilience of plant-pollinator communities and further understanding of how fire-suppression policies may affect pollination in the Cerrado.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms determining the multi-diversity of carrion visiting species along a gradient of carrion body mass 决定沿腐肉质量梯度访问腐肉的物种多样性的机制

IF 2.7 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05611-1

Amelie Wierer, Christian von Hoermann, M. Eric Benbow, Christiane Büchner, Heike Feldhaar, Christian Fiderer, Oliver Mitesser, Janine Rietz, Jens Schlüter, Johannes Zeitzler, Tomáš Lackner, Claus Bässler, Marco Heurich, Jörg Müller

{"title":"Mechanisms determining the multi-diversity of carrion visiting species along a gradient of carrion body mass","authors":"Amelie Wierer, Christian von Hoermann, M. Eric Benbow, Christiane Büchner, Heike Feldhaar, Christian Fiderer, Oliver Mitesser, Janine Rietz, Jens Schlüter, Johannes Zeitzler, Tomáš Lackner, Claus Bässler, Marco Heurich, Jörg Müller","doi":"10.1007/s00442-024-05611-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-024-05611-1","url":null,"abstract":"Resource availability and habitat heterogeneity are essential drivers of biodiversity, but their individual roles often remain unclear since both factors are often correlated. Here, we tested the more-individuals hypothesis (MIH) and the habitat-heterogeneity hypothesis (HHH) for bacteria, fungi, dipterans, coleopterans, birds, and mammals on 100 experimentally exposed carcasses ranging by three orders of magnitude in body mass. At the level of each carcass we found marginal or significant support for the MIH for bacteria, fungi, and beetles in spring and significant support for fungi, dipterans, and mammals in summer. The HHH was supported only for bacteria in spring, while it was supported for all groups except mammals in summer. Overall multidiversity always increased with body mass, with a steeper increase in summer. Abundance based rarefaction-extrapolation curves for three classes of body mass showed the highest species richness for medium-sized carcasses, particular for dipterans and microbes, supporting the HHH also among carcasses. These findings complement existing necromass studies of deadwood, showing there are more niches associated with larger resource amounts and an increasing habitat heterogeneity between carcasses most pronounced for medium-sized species. Higher resource amount led to increased diversity of carrion-consuming organisms in summer, particularly due to the increasing number of niches with increasing size. Our findings underline the importance of distributed large carrion as well as medium-sized carrion in ecosystems supporting overall biodiversity of carrion-consumers. Furthermore, the different responses in spring and summer may inform strategies of carrion enrichment management schemes throughout the year.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-scale beta-diversity patterns in testate amoeba communities: species turnover and nestedness along a latitudinal gradient. 睾丸变形虫群落的多尺度贝塔多样性模式：沿纬度梯度的物种更替和嵌套。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05602-2

Jiahui Su, Yuri A Mazei, Andrey N Tsyganov, Viktor A Chernyshov, Natalia G Mazei, Damir A Saldaev, Basil N Yakimov

{"title":"Multi-scale beta-diversity patterns in testate amoeba communities: species turnover and nestedness along a latitudinal gradient.","authors":"Jiahui Su, Yuri A Mazei, Andrey N Tsyganov, Viktor A Chernyshov, Natalia G Mazei, Damir A Saldaev, Basil N Yakimov","doi":"10.1007/s00442-024-05602-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-024-05602-2","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between species diversity and spatial scale is a central topic in spatial community ecology. Latitudinal gradient is among the core mechanisms driving biodiversity distribution on most scales. Patterns of β-diversity along latitudinal gradient have been well studied for aboveground terrestrial and marine communities, whereas soil organisms remain poorly investigated in this regard. The West Siberian Plain is a good model to address diversity scale-dependence since the latitudinal gradient does not overlap with other possible factors such as elevational or maritime. Here, we collected 111 samples following hierarchical sampling (sub-zones, ecosystem types, microhabitat and replicate samples) and performed multi-scale partitioning of β-diversity of testate amoeba assemblages as a model of study. We found that among-ecosystem β-diversity is a leading scale in testate amoeba assemblages variation. Rare species determine β-diversity at all scale levels especially in the northern regions, where rare taxa almost exclusively accounted for the diversity at the ecosystem level. β-Diversity is generally dominated by the turnover component at all scales in lower latitudes, whereas nestedness prevailed at among-ecosystem scale in higher latitudes. These findings indicate that microbial assemblages in northern latitudes are spatially homogeneous and constrained by historical drivers at larger scales, whereas in southern regions, it is dominated by the turnover component both at the microhabitat and ecosystem scales and therefore determined by recent vegetation and environmental heterogeneity. Overall, we have provided the evidence for the existence of negative latitudinal gradient for among-ecosystem β-diversity but not for among-microhabitat and among-sample β-diversity for terrestrial testate amoeba communities.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":" ","pages":"691-707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coral reef fish density at a tourist destination responded rapidly to COVID-19 restrictions. 一个旅游景点的珊瑚礁鱼类密度对 COVID-19 限制迅速做出反应。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05589-w

Emma Gairin, Frédéric Bertucci, Natacha Roux, Lana Minier, Cécile Berthe, Viliame Waqalevu, Tehani Maueau, Vincent Sturny, Gaston Tong Sang, Suzanne C Mills, David Lecchini

{"title":"Coral reef fish density at a tourist destination responded rapidly to COVID-19 restrictions.","authors":"Emma Gairin, Frédéric Bertucci, Natacha Roux, Lana Minier, Cécile Berthe, Viliame Waqalevu, Tehani Maueau, Vincent Sturny, Gaston Tong Sang, Suzanne C Mills, David Lecchini","doi":"10.1007/s00442-024-05589-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-024-05589-w","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the world, anthropogenic pressure on natural ecosystems is intensifying, notably through urbanisation, economic development, and tourism. Coral reefs have become exposed to stressors related to tourism. To reveal the impact of human activities on fish communities, we used COVID-19-related social restrictions in 2021. In French Polynesia, from February to December 2021, there was a series of restrictions on local activities and international tourism. We assessed the response of fish populations in terms of changes in the species richness and density of fish in the lagoon of Bora-Bora (French Polynesia). We selected sites with varying human pressures-some dedicated to tourism activities, others affected by boat traffic, and control sites with little human presence. Underwater visual surveys demonstrated that fish density and richness differed spatially and temporally. They were lowest on sites affected by boat traffic regardless of pandemic-related restrictions, and when activities were authorised; they were highest during lockdowns. Adult fish density increased threefold on sites usually affected by boat traffic during lockdowns and increased 2.7-fold on eco-tourism sites during international travel bans. Human activities are major drivers of fish density and species richness spatially across the lagoon of Bora-Bora but also temporally across pandemic-related restrictions, with dynamic responses to different restrictions. These results highlight the opportunity provided by pauses in human activities to assess their impact on the environment and confirm the need for sustainable lagoon management in Bora-Bora and similar coral reef settings affected by tourism and boat traffic.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":" ","pages":"533-543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phenotypic plasticity as the main driver of alien plant trait variation in urban versus rural microclimate for the model species Veronica persica. 表型可塑性是模型物种 Veronica persica 在城市与农村小气候下外来植物性状变异的主要驱动力。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05597-w

Charly Géron, Jonas J Lembrechts, Mathilde Fameree, Vanille Taddei, Ivan Nijs, Arnaud Monty

{"title":"Phenotypic plasticity as the main driver of alien plant trait variation in urban versus rural microclimate for the model species Veronica persica.","authors":"Charly Géron, Jonas J Lembrechts, Mathilde Fameree, Vanille Taddei, Ivan Nijs, Arnaud Monty","doi":"10.1007/s00442-024-05597-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-024-05597-w","url":null,"abstract":"Urban environments are warmer than the rural surroundings, impacting plant phenotypic traits. When plants are present over areas with contrasted conditions such as along urbanization gradients, their phenotypes may differ, and these differences depend on different processes, including phenotypic plasticity, maternal environmental effects and genetic differentiation (local adaptation and/or genetic drift). Successful establishment of alien species along environmental gradients has been linked to high phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolutionary responses, which are easier to track for species with a known residence time. The mechanisms explaining trait variation in plants in urban versus rural microclimatic conditions have received little attention. Using the alien Veronica persica as model species, we measured leaf traits in urban and rural populations and performed a reciprocal common-garden experiment to study how germination, leaf, growth, and flowering traits varied in response to experimental microclimate (rural or urban) and population origin environment (rural or urban). Veronica persica displayed phenotypic plasticity in all measured traits, with reduced germination, development, and flowering under urban microclimate which suggests more stressful growing conditions in the urban than in the rural microclimate. No significant effect of the rural or urban origin environment was detected, providing no evidence for local adaptation to urban or rural environments. Additionally, we found limited signs of maternal environmental effects. We noted the importance of the mother plant and the population identities suggesting genetically based differences. Our results indicate that urban environments are more hostile than rural ones, and that V. persica does not show any adaptation to urban environments despite genetic differences between populations.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":" ","pages":"643-654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biodegradation of mixed litter-derived dissolved organic matter with varying evenness in a temperate freshwater wetland. 温带淡水湿地中不同均匀度的混合垃圾溶解有机物的生物降解。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05590-3

Zhuoma Ga, Shuangshuang Jiang, Jiangang Han, Guoxiang Wang, Xinhou Zhang

{"title":"Biodegradation of mixed litter-derived dissolved organic matter with varying evenness in a temperate freshwater wetland.","authors":"Zhuoma Ga, Shuangshuang Jiang, Jiangang Han, Guoxiang Wang, Xinhou Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00442-024-05590-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-024-05590-3","url":null,"abstract":"Litter-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an essential role in biogeochemical cycles. In wetlands, species relative abundance and its change have great influences on input features of litter-derived DOM, including chemical characteristics per se and functional diversity of chemical characteristics. Functional diversity is an important factor controlling organic matter biodegradation, but little is known in terms of the DOM. We mixed litter leachates of four macrophytes with a constant concentration (20 mg DOC L-1) but varying dominant species and volume ratios, i.e. 15:1:1:1 (low-evenness), 5:1:1:1 (mid-evenness), and 2:1:1:1 (high-evenness), generating a gradient of chemical characteristics and functional diversity (represented by functional dispersion index FDis). Based on a 42-d incubation, we measured degradation dynamics of these DOM mixtures, and analyzed potential determinants. After 42 days of incubation, the high-evenness treatments, along with mid-evenness treatments sometimes, had most degradation, while the low-evenness treatments always had least degradation. The degradation of mixtures related significantly to not only the volume-weighted mean chemical characteristics but also FDis. Furthermore, the FDis even explained more variation of degradation. The non-additive mixing effects, synergistic effects (faster degradation than predicted) in particular, on degradation of DOM mixtures were rather common, especially in the high- and mid-evenness treatments. Remarkably, the mixing effects increased linearly with the FDis values (r2adj. = 0.426). This study highlights the critical role of functional diversity in regulating degradation of mixed litter-derived DOM. Resulting changes in chemistry and composition of litter leachates due to plant community succession may exert substantial influences on biogeochemical cycling.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":" ","pages":"487-496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do community changes persist after irruptive population dynamics? A case study from an invasive species boom and bust. 破坏性种群动态之后，群落变化会持续吗？入侵物种兴衰案例研究

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05582-3

Peter J Flood, William F Loftus, Joel C Trexler

{"title":"Do community changes persist after irruptive population dynamics? A case study from an invasive species boom and bust.","authors":"Peter J Flood, William F Loftus, Joel C Trexler","doi":"10.1007/s00442-024-05582-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-024-05582-3","url":null,"abstract":"Irruptive or boom-and-bust population dynamics, also known as 'outbreaks', are an important phenomenon that has been noted in biological invasions at least since Charles Elton's classic book was published in 1958. Community-level consequences of irruptive dynamics are poorly documented and invasive species provide excellent systems for their study. African Jewelfish (Rubricatochromis letourneuxi, \"jewelfish\") are omnivores that demonstrate opportunistic carnivory, first reported in Florida in the 1960s and in Everglades National Park (ENP) in 2000. Twelve years after invasion in ENP, jewelfish underwent a 25-fold increase in density in one year. By 2016, jewelfish represented 25-50% of fish biomass. Using a 43-year fish community dataset at two sites (1978-2021), and a 25-year dataset of fish and invertebrate communities from the same drainage (1996-2021), with additional spatial coverage, we quantified differences in fish and invertebrate communities during different phases of invasion. During jewelfish boom, abundant, native cyprinodontiform fishes decreased in density and drove changes in community structure as measured by similarity of relativized abundance. Density of two species declined by > 70%, while four declined by 50-62%. Following the jewelfish bust, some species recovered to pre-boom densities while others did not. Diversity of recovery times produced altered community structure that lagged for at least four years after the jewelfish population declined. Community structure is an index of ecological functions such as resilience, productivity, and species interaction webs; therefore, these results demonstrate that irruptive population dynamics can alter ecological functions of ecosystems mediated by community structure for years following that population's decline.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":" ","pages":"445-459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Centrifugation is an effective and inexpensive way to determine Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis quantity in water samples with low turbidity. 离心是测定低浊度水样中蝙蝠蛾数量的一种有效而廉价的方法。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05604-0

Taegan A McMahon, Tatum S Katz, Kate M Barnett, Bridget A Hilgendorff

{"title":"Centrifugation is an effective and inexpensive way to determine Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis quantity in water samples with low turbidity.","authors":"Taegan A McMahon, Tatum S Katz, Kate M Barnett, Bridget A Hilgendorff","doi":"10.1007/s00442-024-05604-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-024-05604-0","url":null,"abstract":"Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a pathogenic chytrid fungus that is particularly lethal for amphibians. Bd can extirpate amphibian populations within a few weeks and remain in water in the absence of amphibian hosts. Most efforts to determine Bd presence and quantity in the field have focused on sampling hosts, but these data do not give us a direct reflection of the amount of Bd in the water, which are useful for parameterizing disease models, and are not effective when hosts are absent or difficult to sample. Current methods for screening Bd presence and quantity in water are time, resource, and money intensive. Here, we developed a streamlined method for detecting Bd in water with low turbidity (e.g., water samples from laboratory experiments and relatively clear pond water from a natural lentic system). We centrifuged water samples with known amounts of Bd to form a pellet and extracted the DNA from that pellet. This method was highly effective and the resulting concentrations across all tested treatments presented a highly linear relationship with the expected values. While the experimentally derived values were lower than the inoculation doses, the values were highly correlated and a conversion factor allows us to extrapolate the actual Bd concentration. This centrifuge-based method is effective, repeatable, and would greatly expand the domain of tractable questions to be explored in the field of Bd ecology. Importantly, this method increases equity in the field, because it is time- and cost-efficient and requires few resources.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":" ","pages":"437-443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0