IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05753-w

Jacob D Malcomb, Howard E Epstein, Matthew A Vadeboncoeur, Daniel L Druckenbrod, Matthew Lanning, Lixin Wang, Heidi Asbjornsen, Todd M Scanlon

{"title":"Divergent water use efficiency trends among eastern North American temperate tree species.","authors":"Jacob D Malcomb, Howard E Epstein, Matthew A Vadeboncoeur, Daniel L Druckenbrod, Matthew Lanning, Lixin Wang, Heidi Asbjornsen, Todd M Scanlon","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05753-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-025-05753-w","url":null,"abstract":"Both theory and observations suggest that tree intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE)-the ratio of photosynthetic carbon assimilation to stomatal conductance to water-increases with atmospheric CO2. However, the strength of this relationship varies across sites and species, prompting questions about additional physiological constraints and environmental controls on iWUE. In this study, we analyzed tree core carbon isotope ratios to examine trends in, and drivers of, iWUE in 12 tree species common to the temperate forests of eastern North America, where forests have experienced changes in CO2, climate, and atmospheric pollution in recent decades. Across all site-species combinations, we found that tree iWUE increased 22.3% between 1950 and 2011, coinciding with a 25.2% increase in atmospheric CO2. iWUE trajectories varied markedly among tree functional groups and within species across sites. Needleleaf evergreen iWUE increased until circa 2002 before declining in recent years, while iWUE of broadleaf deciduous species continued to increase. The analysis of environmental controls on iWUE trends revealed smaller increases in iWUE in trees subjected to higher atmospheric pollution loads. Our results suggest that tree functional characteristics and atmospheric pollution history influence tree response to atmospheric CO2, with implications for forest carbon and water balance in temperate regions.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to keep your cool: heat tolerance and thermoregulatory strategies of a cold adapted insectivorous bat. 如何保持凉爽：适应寒冷的食虫蝙蝠的耐热性和体温调节策略。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05776-3

Ruvinda K de Mel, Sanjeev Baniya, Zenon J Czenze

{"title":"How to keep your cool: heat tolerance and thermoregulatory strategies of a cold adapted insectivorous bat.","authors":"Ruvinda K de Mel, Sanjeev Baniya, Zenon J Czenze","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05776-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05776-3","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change exposes small endotherms to high ambient temperatures (Ta), increasing the risk of dehydration and hyperthermia. These threats are disproportionately severe on cold adapted small endotherms with limited heat tolerance. Using temperature telemetry and flow through respirometry, we investigated the thermoregulatory strategies of lesser long-eared bats (Nyctophilus geoffroyi) inhabiting a temperate ecosystem. We predicted this population would have low heat tolerance limits and would initiate active thermoregulation at low Tas. We also predicted that, similar to other populations, females would have higher heat tolerance limits and a more conservative water economy than males given their reproductive ecology places a high demand on water reserves. In line with our predictions, the subcutaneous temperature (Tsub), whole animal resting metabolic rate (waRMR) and whole animal evaporative water loss (waEWL) data suggest that they experience heat stress at low Tas. Females could tolerate higher experimental Tas (females = 44 ℃, males = 42 ℃) and initiated evaporative cooling at a significantly higher Ta (37.7 ℃) than males (33.1 ℃), which is considerably lower than other populations of the same species adapted to arid environments. Our results highlight how different environment conditions and contrasting reproductive ecologies between sexes influence the thermoregulatory capacities and strategies of small endotherms. Although this population does not currently face consistent threats from lethal hyperthermia or dehydration, increasing Tas could expose them to sub-lethal fitness costs such as progressive mass loss due to higher energy expenditure for thermoregulation.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultraviolet radiation: a double-edged sword in old forest Lobaria lichens-reducing growth while enhancing acclimation. 紫外线辐射：古老森林中叶原地衣的一把双刃剑——减少生长，同时促进适应。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05765-6

Ida Karina Kann, Knut Asbjørn Solhaug, Yngvar Gauslaa

{"title":"Ultraviolet radiation: a double-edged sword in old forest Lobaria lichens-reducing growth while enhancing acclimation.","authors":"Ida Karina Kann, Knut Asbjørn Solhaug, Yngvar Gauslaa","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05765-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05765-6","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effects of three light regimes-1) photosynthetic light (PAR) only, 2) PAR + UV-A, and 3) PAR + UV-A + UV-B radiation-on area and biomass growth in two old forest lichens: the widely distributed Lobaria pulmonaria, noted for rapid growth, and the rarer L. virens, with previously undocumented growth rates but known susceptibility to high light. To overcome the constraints of artificial light sources, we utilized solar filters in sun-exposed field conditions to assess how UV impacts growth and influences mycobiont traits (melanic pigmentation, thallus thickness) and photobiont responses (Chl content, Chl fluorescence, CO2 uptake). While UV exposure significantly reduced growth rates, it did not impact photobiont processes. Lobaria pulmonaria demonstrated robust melanin synthesis under UV-B, preventing photoinhibition and safeguarding chlorophylls, whereas L. virens, with lower melanin production, showed reduced Chl content and increased vulnerability to solar radiation. Enhanced specific thallus mass, a proxy of water holding capacity, correlated with increased melanic pigmentation, suggesting that UV-B also aids in acclimation of drought tolerance. Despite reduced growth, UV exposure promotes acclimation to environmental stressors, revealing a trade-off between growth and acclimation. These findings challenge previous assumptions regarding UV-B susceptibility in shade-adapted old forest lichens and underscore the intricate interplay between lichen growth and acclimation.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemotype, maternal genotype, or field neighbors: what influences performance and resource allocation in a perennial plant species the most? 化学型，母系基因型，还是田间邻居：什么对多年生植物物种的性能和资源分配影响最大？

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05767-4

Dominik Ziaja, Rohit Sasidharan, Ruth Jakobs, Elisabeth J Eilers, Caroline Müller

{"title":"Chemotype, maternal genotype, or field neighbors: what influences performance and resource allocation in a perennial plant species the most?","authors":"Dominik Ziaja, Rohit Sasidharan, Ruth Jakobs, Elisabeth J Eilers, Caroline Müller","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05767-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05767-4","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have to allocate resources into their growth and reproduction but also in phytochemicals used in interactions with their environment. Some species display an extraordinarily high diversity of such phytochemicals, called chemodiversity. In stands with different neighbors, plot chemodiversity may be even higher and provide associational resistance. Little is known about trade-offs in investment into growth and reproduction versus chemodiversity in plant individuals growing in chemically different neighborhoods.We investigated such trade-offs using the perennial Tanacetum vulgare, which shows differences in leaf terpenoid composition, forming distinct chemotypes. We planted plots consisting of five plants of one of five chemotypes (homogenous neighborhoods) and plots consisting of five different chemotypes (heterogenous) in a field. Plants within each block were offspring from different mother plants (here called maternal genotypes). Over 2 years, plant performance traits related to growth and reproduction were recorded and the leaf terpenoid profiles were measured once. Depending on the chemotype, plants had significantly different chances of flowering. Plants in heterogenous plots produced a higher maximum number of flower heads than those in homogenous plots. The maternal genotype explained some of the variance in growth- and reproduction-related traits. No significant correlations were found between the terpenoid functional Hill diversity (FHD) or its components (terpenoid richness, evenness, and structural disparity) and growth- and reproduction-related plant traits. Our results suggest that both the terpenoid chemotype of an individual and the chemodiversity of its neighborhood can impact reproduction-related traits, possibly driven by interactions of the individual with the environment and different resource allocation.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mitigating the light pollution problem via spectral adjustment: color-biased phototaxis in male glow-worms. 通过光谱调整减轻光污染问题：雄性萤火虫的偏色趋光性。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05768-3

Linnea Kivelä, Christina Elgert, Topi K Lehtonen, Ulrika Candolin

{"title":"Mitigating the light pollution problem via spectral adjustment: color-biased phototaxis in male glow-worms.","authors":"Linnea Kivelä, Christina Elgert, Topi K Lehtonen, Ulrika Candolin","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05768-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05768-3","url":null,"abstract":"Light pollution is a widespread threat to dark-adapted species. Attraction to artificial light can have severe, even fatal, consequences with population level repercussions, especially for nocturnal insects. Since most insects are particularly drawn to short-wavelength light, the recent switch to LEDs with a greater emission in the blue range has exacerbated the problem. One potential mitigation measure is to adjust light spectra toward longer wavelengths. However, the effectiveness of this measure may vary among species that differ in their spectral sensitivities. In glow-worms (Lampyris noctiluca), nocturnal beetles with presumably declining abundance, especially blue and white artificial light hamper males' search of yellowish-green glowing females. Here, we assessed whether easing the search by switching to longer wavelengths impacts males' phototactic behavior. We recorded the movements of males in an arena illuminated at one end by either white, yellow, red, or no artificial light. Males displayed positive phototaxis toward yellow and red light, and negative phototaxis toward white light, with the latter also being associated with reduced activity. Therefore, males' attraction to longer wavelengths that resemble the female glow could be an evolutionary trap in human-modified environments with artificial lights of that color range. These results show that different wavelengths can influence disparate behaviors even within a single species and adjustment of outdoor lighting systems, by filtering out the blue part of the spectrum, has limited capacity to solve the light pollution problem.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Native range climate influences nonstructural carbohydrate storage in oak species growing in a common garden. 原生地气候对普通园林橡树非结构性碳水化合物储存的影响。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05773-6

Kyra A Prats, Josephine Brigham, Levi Berry, Dylan K Wainwright, Morgan E Furze

{"title":"Native range climate influences nonstructural carbohydrate storage in oak species growing in a common garden.","authors":"Kyra A Prats, Josephine Brigham, Levi Berry, Dylan K Wainwright, Morgan E Furze","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05773-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05773-6","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change and related environmental stress threaten the survival of long-lived tree species. To ensure survival in increasingly unfavorable environments, trees need to either acclimate through phenotypic plasticity, adapt via genetic differentiation, or migrate to more favorable climates altogether. Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) storage is a critical trait that supports proper metabolic function in plants and has been shown to prolong their survival in the face of stress. However, relatively few studies have explored local adaptation of NSC storage, with none to our knowledge focusing on oaks, an abundant and ecologically important genus primarily across the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we used a common garden of oak species to assess whether NSC storage is locally adapted by exploring whether species' native range climate influences NSC storage in the stem. We found that the proportion of soluble sugars, the proportion of starch, and starch concentration were influenced by native range temperature, such that species from hotter regions had a larger proportion of soluble sugars, smaller proportion of starch, and lower starch concentration than species from colder regions. These correlations suggest that some NSC traits (i.e., proportion of sugars/starch) are genetically controlled in the genus Quercus. Our study has implications for how different oak species may respond to and survive under environmental stress and changing climates.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12254077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of sampling effort on seasonal plant-pollinator interaction turnover over eight years. 8年取样努力对季节性植物-传粉者相互作用周转的影响。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05771-8

Isabella Manning, Leana Zoller, Julian Resasco

{"title":"Impacts of sampling effort on seasonal plant-pollinator interaction turnover over eight years.","authors":"Isabella Manning, Leana Zoller, Julian Resasco","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05771-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05771-8","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-pollinator interaction networks are dynamic in time and space. Interaction turnover consists of interaction rewiring (i.e., changes in interactions independent of species turnover) and species turnover (i.e., the gain or loss of species present in the network). To capture network dynamics, it is crucial to address the effect of sampling effort because insufficient data can distort apparent network patterns. We used eight years of plant-pollinator interaction data from a subalpine meadow to examine patterns of temporal (week-to-week) interaction turnover and the role of sampling effort. With increasing sampling effort, values of interaction turnover and species turnover decreased, and rewiring increased. Saturation curves suggest an approach towards true values with higher sampling effort. Across the eight years, substantial variation in weekly and seasonal interaction turnover was observed, with identifiable seasonal trends across all aggregated years. These results demonstrated that the interpretation of interaction turnover and its components is sensitive to sampling effort, stressing the importance of considering its role in network studies.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12254060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are ant-plant mutualisms stronger at lower latitudes? A case study using the castor bean plant. 在低纬度地区，反植物共生关系是否更强？使用蓖麻豆植物的案例研究。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05772-7

Pooja Nathan, Arshyaan Shahid, Anoushka Datta, Vinita Gowda, Megan E Frederickson

引用次数: 0

Identifying temperature cues driving increased voltinism in a geometrid moth. 在几何蛾中发现温度线索导致voltinism增加。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05770-9

Jemma Guthrie, Hannele M Honkanen, Daniel T Haydon, Colin E Adams

{"title":"Identifying temperature cues driving increased voltinism in a geometrid moth.","authors":"Jemma Guthrie, Hannele M Honkanen, Daniel T Haydon, Colin E Adams","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05770-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05770-9","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying the environmental cues that determine the timing of developmental processes is vital to understanding the effects of climate change on populations. However, as developmental processes are inherently difficult to measure directly at the population level, the drivers and potential consequences of change in their timings remain unknown in most species. Here we explore the use of long-term monitoring data for assessments of change in the number of generations per year and its impact on abundance, demonstrating new applications for a rapidly growing data source. Data derived from a light trap in west-central Scotland operated over 56 years (1968 to 2023) showed that the small phoenix moth, Ecliptopera silaceata, switched from a univoltine to bivoltine generation pattern. This voltinism change was predicted by an increased minimum temperature in a critical time window towards the later part of the first generation's flight period. The population shows positive density dependence and the change in voltinism has no significant negative effect on population size, indicating no evidence of a developmental trap that has been postulated for other species. These results identify some of the proximate mechanisms of developmental responses to climate change in general and in voltinism in particular, specifically highlighting the importance of sustained temperature above minimum thresholds for development. These results could also help to make predictions about future changes in population sizes under climate change and increasing voltinism, in addition to how these changes may differ between species.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biogeographic variation in mussel shell thickness and drilling predation on rocky shores. 岩石海岸贻贝壳厚度和钻孔捕食的生物地理变异。

IF 2.3 2区环境科学与生态学

Oecologia Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05760-x

Emily K Longman, Eric Sanford

{"title":"Biogeographic variation in mussel shell thickness and drilling predation on rocky shores.","authors":"Emily K Longman, Eric Sanford","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05760-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05760-x","url":null,"abstract":"Although predator and prey species often interact over broad geographic ranges, little consideration has been given to whether environmentally-driven variation in prey traits might create a landscape of selection that shapes the evolution of predator traits. Here, we investigate whether predatory intertidal snails (the dogwhelk Nucella canaliculata) vary in their drilling capacity in association with prey defenses (mussel shell thickness) over ~ 1000 km of coastline in the northeast Pacific. We analyzed mussels (Mytilus californianus) collected over two decades and found that shells from central Oregon were historically ~ 20% thicker than those from California. We tested the drilling capacity of dogwhelks raised under common-garden laboratory conditions and found that dogwhelks from California could drill mussels 3.4 times thicker than those from Oregon. Thus, dogwhelks with stronger drilling ability are associated with thinner mussel shells. Although these findings appear counterintuitive at first, they are consistent with strong prey-driven selection on the predator in California, and a region of weak selection in Oregon where mussels may be too thick to favor drilling. Our results also suggest that this selective landscape may be changing; consistent with recent studies of ocean acidification, mussels collected in 2019 were thinner than in prior decades, particularly in Oregon. Overall, our study highlights the importance of studying species interactions within an explicit geographic context of shifting selection pressures.","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 8","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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