Oecologia最新文献

{"title":"Drivers of invertebrate community structure in a high-volume Neotropical cave system: a newly recognized subterranean biodiversity hotspot.","authors":"Gabriel Augusto Silva Vaz, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira, Marconi Souza-Silva","doi":"10.1007/s00442-026-05989-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-026-05989-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how niche-based and neutral processes shape biological communities is a central objective in ecology, particularly in extreme and poorly explored environments such as large subterranean systems. Here, we investigated the mechanisms structuring terrestrial invertebrate communities in the one of the most extensive and voluminous cave systems in South America. Sampling across 56 sectors (30 m²) and 168 quadrats (1 m²) revealed 123 terrestrial invertebrate species. Complementary intuitive searches conducted throughout the cave, combined with standardized sampling, indicated that the system harbors at least 23 obligate cave species, supporting its recognition as a new hotspot of subterranean biodiversity. Total species richness, as well as the richness of non-troglobitic species, increased with resource availability and shelter availability, indicating a strong influence of niche partitioning. In contrast, troglobitic species richness declined markedly with increasing distance from aquatic environments, highlighting microclimatic stability as a key environmental filter. Beta diversity was primarily structured by microclimatic stability and resource availability, whereas geographic distance and cave identity had comparatively minor effects, suggesting that dispersal does not represent a major constraint on species distribution within this highly connected system. Resource gradients promoted species turnover in troglobitic assemblages, while richness differences predominated in non-troglobitic assemblages. Overall, our findings indicate that community assembly in large cave systems emerges from the joint action of environmental filtering and niche partitioning, with responses varying across spatial scales and degrees of ecological specialization. These results reinforce the conservation importance of high-volumnous cave systems as unique environments that harbor highly diverse and specialized biotas.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"208 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upwelling modulates seaweed biomolecule contents, altering seaweed-consumer interactions in a southwestern pacific coastal system.","authors":"Oscar Varas, Melissa Fernández, Diego Quintanilla, Marcela Aldana, Roberto García-Huidobro, Cristian Duarte, Alejandro Simeone, Pedro A Quijón, José Pulgar","doi":"10.1007/s00442-026-05994-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-026-05994-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) are among the most productive marine ecosystems, largely because of the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich seawater into coastal areas. However, the influence of upwelling on biomolecule concentrations in seaweed tissues, and how these changes affect herbivore feeding behavior, remains poorly understood. We addressed these questions by hypothesizing that physicochemical conditions associated with upwelling increase the concentration of essential biomolecules in seaweed tissues, indirectly modulating herbivore behavior. We first characterized multiple upwelling (UW) and downwelling (DW) sites and used UW-DW field transplants to examine variation in biomolecule concentrations and growth of the widespread southwestern Pacific seaweed Lessonia spicata. We then assessed how seaweed origin influenced the feeding behavior of two common sea urchins, Loxechinus albus and Tetrapygus niger. Seaweeds from UW sites contained higher protein and carbohydrate concentrations than those from DW sites, consistent with higher nutritional quality under natural UW conditions. However, after prolonged exposure to a common DW environment, biomolecule concentrations of UW-origin seaweeds converged toward those of DW-origin individuals. Blade length increased throughout the transplant experiment, but growth rate over the complete experimental period did not differ between origins. Seaweeds from UW sites were consumed at higher rates than those from DW sites, while the feeding responses of both sea urchin species depended on seaweed origin, consumer origin, and species identity. Together, these results indicate that upwelling-associated environmental conditions influence seaweed nutritional traits and consumer-seaweed interactions, while the convergence observed after transplantation highlights the plasticity of these traits under changing local conditions. These findings have implications for predicting ecological responses to future changes in coastal upwelling regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"208 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threat-induced neural prioritization: a life history framework for energy allocation under chronic predator stress.","authors":"Indrikis Krams, Priit Jõers, Markus J Rantala, Ronalds Krams, Tatjana Krama","doi":"10.1007/s00442-026-05985-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-026-05985-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whereas acute stress responses support immediate escape from transient threats, persistent or repeated predation risk (hereafter referred to as chronic predation risk) requires organisms to continually reallocate limited energetic resources among competing physiological demands. Classical stress physiology emphasizes acute \"fight-or-flight\" responses that transiently mobilize glucose and lipids to skeletal muscle, whereas life‑history and allostatic‑load frameworks highlight long‑term trade-offs between survival, growth, and reproduction. Yet these perspectives rarely specify how energy is redistributed among tissues under persistent threat. Here, we synthesize life-history theory, stress physiology, evolutionary medicine, and recent experimental work in a predator-exposed Drosophila melanogaster model to propose Threat-Induced Neural Prioritization (TINP), a conceptual framework describing how persistent predation risk induces tissue-specific metabolic reorganization that preferentially allocates energetic resources to neural and glial tissues. This reprogramming supports energetically costly processes such as memory consolidation and decision‑making that enhance survival, but reduces investment in peripheral homeostasis and can shade into pathology under environmental mismatch. We outline testable predictions about tissue‑specific substrate use, developmental timing, and taxonomic generality of TINP, and argue that explicitly treating cognition as a life‑history trait clarifies how chronic ecological threats shape both metabolic organization and evolutionary trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"208 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Substrate type and termite discovery shape decomposition at the dry end of an African savanna rainfall gradient.","authors":"Katherine Bunney, Mark Robertson, Paul Eggleton, Sally Archibald, Catherine Parr","doi":"10.1007/s00442-026-05991-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-026-05991-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"208 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic nutrient enrichment and herbivores modulate salt marsh recovery after wrack disturbance.","authors":"Larrosa María Victoria, Chierichetti Melisa, Diaz de Astarloa Clara, Leandro J Reyna Gandini, Botto Florencia, Alberti Juan, Iribarne Oscar, Daleo Pedro","doi":"10.1007/s00442-026-05993-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-026-05993-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how top-down and bottom-up forces shape post-disturbance succession across environmental stress gradients remains a central challenge in ecology. Salt marshes are dynamic coastal ecosystems where disturbances, such as wrack deposition, play a key role in regulating plant community structure and diversity, yet the combined effects of herbivory and nutrient availability on post-disturbance recovery in these systems remain poorly understood. We conducted a two-year field experiment nested in a long-term fertilization framework in a Southwestern Atlantic salt marsh to evaluate how herbivore pressure and chronic nitrogen enrichment modulate successional trajectories after wrack disturbance in low- and high-marsh zones. Recovery trajectories differed sharply between marsh elevations. In the low marsh, vegetation recovery was extremely limited despite herbivore exclusion and chronic nitrogen enrichment. In contrast, recovery in the high marsh was rapid and strongly shaped by herbivory and chronic nutrient enrichment. In the high marsh, herbivore exclusion combined with nutrient enrichment promoted rapid convergence towards reference undisturbed communities. Conversely, herbivory or nutrient limitation allowed for more variable community composition. Our results indicate that abiotic stress sets fundamental limits on recovery at low elevations, whereas in more benign environments, the interplay of top-down and bottom-up forces governs both the rate and the predictability of successional trajectories. Abiotic conditions may thus determine whether these forces shape succession at all, rather than only how strongly they do so, with implications for recovery under global change.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"208 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest structural changes affect dung beetle communities and dung removal rates.","authors":"Julian Lunow, Katja Wehner, Matteo Trevisan, Michael Heethoff, Nico Blüthgen, Nadja K Simons","doi":"10.1007/s00442-026-05974-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-026-05974-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forest ecosystems are shaped by the consequences of management activities, as well as through an increase in tree damage and mortality caused by climate change. These drivers lead to alterations in forest structure, affecting the abundance, diversity, and composition of organisms, as well as their provision of ecosystem functions. However, relatively little is known about how dung beetles, which are important for ecosystem functioning, respond to recent changes in forest characteristics. We monitored dung beetles and dung decomposition in 67 forest plots in Darmstadt, Germany. The structure of these plots varied considerably due to tree mortality caused by several years of drought and heatwaves, as well as former forest management practices in the study region. The total biomass, diversity, and species composition of dung beetles strongly corresponded to changes in forest structure, such as mean canopy openness, mean tree diameter at breast height, and forest ground cover. However, they were less related to within-plot environmental heterogeneity. Higher dung beetle biomass was related to a higher dung decomposition rate, but changes in dung beetle diversity and community composition did not correlate with dung decomposition. Our results suggest that changes in forest structure result in changes in the biomass, diversity, and composition of dung beetle communities. The relationships between dung beetles and structural heterogeneity were not particularly pronounced. This indicates that the effects of forest management and tree mortality on dung beetles and subsequent changes in dung decomposition are mediated by directed shifts in mean forest structure rather than structural heterogeneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"208 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery from extreme desiccation enhanced by humid air and elevated CO₂ in a widespread desert plant.","authors":"Seth C Boffa, Lloyd R Stark, Casey M Schine, Mandy L Slate, John C Brinda, Jenna T B Ekwealor, Kirsten K Coe","doi":"10.1007/s00442-026-05982-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-026-05982-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global climate change, driven by anthropogenically elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂), is causing fluctuations in resource availability across ecosystems. Drylands are especially vulnerable to such shifts because water limitations strongly constrain species performance and survival, with water arriving as liquid precipitation and non-rainfall water (NRW) such as fog, dew, and atmospheric water vapor (humidity). To cope with water limitation, some plants exhibit desiccation-tolerant traits that allow them to survive extended dry periods. This study examined the ecophysiological effects of long-term elevated CO₂ exposure, prolonged desiccation, and NRW on Syntrichia caninervis, a moss that dominates many dryland biocrust communities. Plants grown under elevated CO₂ exhibited 20-50% greater biomass, longer shoots, and more ramets than those grown under ambient CO₂. After 17 years of desiccation, shoots were able to recover photosynthetic function and were able to do so even when only exposed to high humidity (NRW). Chlorophyll fluorescence (F_v/F_m 0.3-0.5) indicated that photosynthetic capacity under high humidity was similar to levels achieved after liquid water hydration. Regeneration and recovery rates were also faster under combined elevated CO₂ and NRW treatments over both short (24-hour) and long-term (21-day) timescales. These findings demonstrate that elevated CO₂ and atmospheric humidity enhance recovery and productivity in S. caninervis following prolonged desiccation. This work provides new insight into the physiological resilience of an ecologically important dryland moss under future climate scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"208 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Bottom-up control of coral reef sponges: for better and for worse.","authors":"Janie Wulff","doi":"10.1007/s00442-026-05983-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-026-05983-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"208 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flooding with brackish water disrupts Liriodendron tulipifera sap flux in an ecosystem-scale experiment.","authors":"Radha V Srinivasan, Nate McDowell, Stephanie C Pennington, Alice E Stearns, Ben Bond-Lamberty, J Patrick Megonigal, Kendalynn A Morris","doi":"10.1007/s00442-026-05976-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-026-05976-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coastal forests are retreating due to sea‑level rise and extreme precipitation events, yet the physiological mechanisms that precede woody plant decline remain poorly constrained. We used the ecosystem‑scale TEMPEST (Terrestrial Ecosystem Manipulation to Probe the Effects of Storm Treatments) experiment; annual, plot‑level freshwater and saltwater flooding of a mid‑Atlantic deciduous forest, to quantify short‑ and long‑term responses of sap flux in three tree species: Acer rubrum, Fagus grandifolia, and Liriodendron tulipifera. We analyzed five years of sap flux density measurements (2021-2025) using a Before-After Control-Impact (BACI) framework and linear mixed‑effects models to assess short and long-term changes in tree hydraulic function. Across the study period, species differed markedly in their responses to repeated flooding. A. rubrum showed no significant change in sap flux density under any treatment, while F. grandifolia exhibited plot‑specific increases or decreases consistent with relief from drought in the freshwater treatment plot. L. tulipifera sap flux density increased over time in all plots, but increases were dampened in the freshwater plot and strongly suppressed under saltwater flooding. Soil electrical conductivity rose progressively in the saltwater plot and emerged as a key predictor of both immediate and cumulative reductions in L. tulipifera sap flux density. As L. tulipifera constitutes a large share of canopy basal area in this coastal forest, continued saltwater intrusion is poised to accelerate mortality and drive ecosystem state-change. Our findings illustrate how ecosystem‑scale manipulations can uncover physiological thresholds relevant to coastal forest vulnerability under future sea‑level rise.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"208 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13645929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional role of leaf pubescence in Phacelia secunda from high elevations in the Andes of Central Chile.","authors":"Sebastián A Reyes, Cristian Atala, León A Bravo, Marco A Molina-Montenegro","doi":"10.1007/s00442-026-05984-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-026-05984-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaf pubescence provides multiple protective functions against herbivores, water loss, and high irradiance in alpine plants, but how does it prevent photoinhibition when plants face simultaneous high radiation and low temperatures remain unclear. We investigated how leaf pubescence affects photosynthetic efficiency, thermal regulation, and photoprotective pigments in Phacelia secunda (Boraginaceae) across an elevational gradient in the Andes of Central Chile. We experimentally manipulated pubescence (intact vs. reduced with a razor blade) in plants collected from contrasting elevations (2100 and 3600 m a.s.l.) and exposed them to different temperatures (4 °C and 15 °C) and light regimes (40 to 1660 µmol m^-2s^- 1 PAR) to assess photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm, φ PSII), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), leaf temperature, and xanthophyll cycle pigments. Pubescence removal reduced photochemical efficiency at 4 and 15 °C compared to plants with intact pubescence. Additionally, pubescence removal increased the dissipation of excess energy via non-photochemical quenching (NPQf and NPQs), particularly in high-elevation plants, suggesting a compensatory mechanism to prevent photodamage. Thermal imaging revealed that pubescence promoted thermal decoupling from ambient temperature, buffering leaves against extreme fluctuations at high altitude. Despite elevated photoprotective pigments (lutein, neoxanthin) in plants with reduced pubescence, this biochemical compensation did not prevent photodamage. Leaf pubescence is a crucial trait in P. secunda, providing critical photoprotection by reducing radiation load, buffering thermal extremes, and reducing reliance on energetically costly biochemical defenses. These findings reveal how morphological adaptations buffer alpine plants against multiple environmental stresses, informing predictions of plant responses to climate change in mountain ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"208 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}