Oecologia最新文献

{"title":"Risk of mortality and maternal status are key determinants of the dynamic use of cover by moose in a landscape characterized by forest harvesting.","authors":"Lisa Jeanne Koetke, Dexter P Hodder, Chris J Johnson, Morgan Anderson","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05703-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-025-05703-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human-caused landscape disturbance is one of the most widespread threats to wildlife. Forest harvesting reduces canopy closure, an important component of habitat that allows ungulates to mitigate warm temperatures and deep snow. These pressures may be exacerbated by the warming temperatures and increased snowfall associated with climate change. Also, linear features that result from human activities increase the movement rate and efficiency of predators. We used LiDAR and GPS-collar data to test three hypotheses that explained the use of forest cover by female moose (Alces americanus) in a landscape characterized by extensive forest harvest; the Thermal Stress, Locomotion, and Direct Mortality Hypotheses. The risk of direct mortality by predation and during the licensed hunting season was the primary factor influencing the use of horizontal and vertical cover by moose. Moose used less horizontal cover when accompanied by a neonate and in areas with greater risk of predation by wolves. Maternal status of moose mediated their use of vertical cover to avoid predation. Moose also used more horizontal and vertical cover during peak hunting season and in the spring and summer. Our results suggest that the use of forest type and cover by moose differs, from open to closed, depending on the type of threat and reproductive status. When managing moose habitat, we recommend maintaining forests that vary in structure and cover, attributes often associated with a spatially adjacent mix of young and old forest.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 4","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population genetic structure in two contrasting human-altered environments of yellow pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys flavescens.","authors":"E Muschetto, I E Gómez Villafañe, M Scaltritti, J Fraschina, V León, L Adduci, D Hancke, S Guidobono, G R Cueto, M A Tripodi, E Hasson, M Busch, O V Suárez, V Confalonieri","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05701-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-025-05701-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human activities are inducing substantial modifications to landscapes on a worldwide scale. As a result, a multitude of animal species are forced to adapt and survive within remnants of altered natural habitats rendering them more vulnerable to the impact of genetic drift. The objective of this research is to assess the degree of connectivity among Oligoryzomys flavescens, an orthohantavirus reservoir species, inhabiting two contrasting human-altered environments by means of genome-wide markers. This study was conducted in 16 sites with varying degrees of urbanization in the city of Buenos Aires and the surrounding metropolitan area, and rural localities in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Genomic DNA was extracted from 93 specimens collected between 2017 and 2019 and a total of 2456 SNPs, obtained through ddRADseq, were analyzed. Urban sites presented more genetic differentiation, cluster structuring, larger number of private alleles and a higher number of kinship relationships than rural sites. Genetic and spatial distances were positively associated in the rural area while no association was detected in the urban one. Furthermore, our analyses detected some degree of differentiation between individuals inhabiting riparian environments of two distinct river basins and typically rural environments further from both basins. Our results suggest that the urban environment imposes greater limitations to gene flow compared to rural areas, probably due to restrictions to dispersal caused by a higher degree of isolation. This information contributes to the understanding of the potential dispersion of hantavirus among rodents and to design prevention measures to reduce the risk of their transmission to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 4","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two sides of the coin: Feedback-driven landscape formation results in trade-off between establishment and resilience of marram grass.","authors":"Solveig Höfer, Lissie de Groot, Nathan Scanlan, Eva Lansu, Max Rietkerk, Martin Wassen, Tjisse van der Heide, Valérie C Reijers","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05693-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05693-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Habitat-modifying plants engineer biogeomorphic landscapes through self-reinforcing interactions with their physical environment, or so-called 'biogeomorphic feedbacks'. Nevertheless, benefits can vary across a biogeomorphic landscape gradient and between plant-life stages. For instance, European marram grass forms dunes by trapping sediments which triggers plant growth, in turn promoting sediment trapping. Yet, by increasing dune height and vegetation cover, marram grass mitigates sediment dynamics, inhibiting sediment-growth feedbacks, which ultimately leads to its demise. However, little is known about how dune formation affects the growth and survival of marram grass at different life stages. Therefore, we performed a two-level field experiment testing the effect of position on marram grass across the biogeomorphological dune gradient (beach, foredune, backdune) on (i) the establishment success of juvenile transplants and (ii) the resilience of mature plants to disturbance by above-ground biomass removal, over one growing season. Although juvenile transplants grew similarly well across the dune gradient, significantly fewer beach transplants (67%) survived compared to the foredune- and backdune transplants. Conversely, survival of mature disturbed marram grass (100%) was unaffected, yet recovery was highest at the beach and significantly decreased across the dune gradient. We could link these opposing responses to habitat modification. In heavily modified dune habitats sediment stabilization aided juvenile establishment, whereas the high sediment dynamics of unmodified beaches facilitated adult resilience indicating dune formation invokes a trade-off between establishment and resilience. Our findings highlight the importance of assessing life stage-dependent differences in environmental requirements of habitat-modifying plants to understand population dynamics and landscape-forming processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 4","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of climate on leaf phenolics, insect herbivory, and their relationship in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) across its geographic range in Europe.","authors":"Elena Valdés-Correcher, Yasmine Kadiri, Audrey Bourdin, Anna Mrazova, Flavius Bălăcenoiu, Manuela Branco, Michal Bogdziewicz, Mona Chor Bjørn, Thomas Damestoy, Jovan Dobrosavljević, Maria Faticov, Sofia Gripenberg, Martin M Gossner, Maarten de Groot, Jonas Hagge, Jan Ten Hoopen, Gabor L Lövei, Slobodan Milanović, Dmitrii L Musolin, Elina Mäntylä, Xoaquín Moreira, Andrea Piotti, Víctor M Rodríguez, Cristina Saez-Asensio, Aurélien Sallé, Katerina Sam, Mar Sobral, Ayco J M Tack, Zulema Varela, Bastien Castagneyrol","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05696-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05696-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increase in biotic interactions towards lower latitudes is one of the most consistent patterns in ecology. Higher temperatures and more stable climatic conditions at low latitudes are thought to enhance biotic interactions, accelerating biological evolution and leading to stronger anti-herbivore defences in plants. However, some studies report contradictory findings, highlighting the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms. We used a combination of field observations and feeding trials in controlled environments to investigate the effect of climate on chemical defences and insect herbivory in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) throughout most of its geographic range in Europe, while controlling for physical defences. The concentration of lignin, flavonoids, and total phenolics increased significantly with temperature, whereas both field herbivory and weight of spongy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae were negatively influenced by temperature. Lignin concentration positively influenced the weight of spongy moth larvae whereas it had no effect on field herbivory. We found no evidence of strong positive relationships between insect herbivory and larvae growth with leaf defences. Our study underscores the complexity of plant-herbivore interactions along climatic gradients and highlights the need for further research to disentangle these intricate relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 4","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcass use by mesoscavengers varied across modified landscapes in the absence of top carnivores.","authors":"Matthew W Fielding, Luke A Yates, Jessie C Buettel, Dejan Stojanovic, Barry W Brook","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05697-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05697-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The decomposition of carrion is crucial to the functioning and nutrient cycling of ecosystems, and many species use this high-quality resource. However, the availability and reliability of carrion differs across environments. Modified landscapes, such as farms and roads, often produce a high density of carcasses, with disproportionate benefits for generalist mesoscavengers that can tolerate, or are attracted to, human presence. In this study, we placed carcasses strategically across two large islands in southern Australia and used camera traps to investigate how different scavengers locate and use carrion in forested, farmland and roadside habitats. Forest ravens, an avian generalist, were the dominant scavengers across all three habitat types but were three times more likely to discover carcasses deployed in modified landscapes. Raptors were twice as likely to discover and use carcasses in farmland habitats, indicating enhanced scavenging opportunities in these areas. The discovery rate and use of carcasses by feral cats did not differ between habitat types. In this setting, differences in carrion use between diurnal and nocturnal scavengers are potentially due to the absence of top mammalian carnivores (Tasmanian devils and quolls). Diurnal scavengers, such as forest ravens and raptors, followed expected habitat preferences, albeit with greater access to carrion due to increased persistence. However, feral cats demonstrated no preference for carcasses across habitats, likely due to the reduced landscape of fear. Overall, our study underscores the important role of native mammalian carnivores in structuring scavenger communities and further validates the value of trophic rewilding to restore key ecological functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 4","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing nitrogen deposition and chemistry in mountainous regions of Olympic National Park and North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Pacific Northwest, USA.","authors":"Meaghan I Petix, Michael D Bell, R Dave Evans","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05695-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-025-05695-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition (N_dep) can disrupt ecosystem dynamics, yet its spatial distribution and chemical composition in mountainous regions remains poorly understood. Accurate measurements of N_dep are needed to determine N critical loads and where deposition levels are expected to cause harm to ecosystem function. Epiphytic lichens can provide direct estimates of N_dep and insight into emission sources for remote mountainous areas where instrumented monitoring sites are not feasible and air quality models have a high degree of uncertainty. We used lichens to assess patterns of N_dep amounts and chemistry at North Cascades National Park Service Complex ('North Cascades') and Olympic National Park ('Olympic'). Lichen %N indicate rates of N_dep below N critical loads; our results contrast with air quality models that predict critical load exceedance in many areas. Lichen δ¹⁵N indicated a dominance of reduced N in N_dep suggesting significant contributions from NH_x emission sources. Lowland areas adjacent to urban corridors exhibited the highest proportions of reduced N in N_dep. Current policies target oxidized N from fossil fuel combustion, but not reduced N, causing an increase in the reduced:oxidized ratio in N_dep. Species-specific responses to these changes could alter biodiversity, community structure, and ecosystem processes over time. Our study underscores the importance of fine-scale assessments of N_dep and deposition chemistry, particularly in ecologically sensitive mountainous regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 4","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field experiment reveals that female Bechstein's bats (Myotis bechsteinii) select bat boxes based on the space available for roosting.","authors":"Christina Willemsens, Gerald Kerth, Jesús R Hernández-Montero","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05700-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05700-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Roosts are a crucial resource for bats, which choose them based on many factors, including the surrounding habitat, microclimate, and space available for communal roosting. The latter is important because many bat species benefit from social thermoregulation by forming colonies in their roosts. However, it remains unclear whether bats can base their roost choice directly on the space available for roosting when other characteristics, such as roost microclimate do not vary. We present results from a field experiment in which RFID-tagged Bechstein's bats (Myotis bechsteinii) in a maternity colony were given paired bat boxes with identical external dimensions but differing internal roosting space. This allowed us to control for other factors that might influence roost choice and to record the bats' nightly visits to the boxes prior to their occupation as day roosts. To assess whether roost temperature influenced roost choice in our setup, we measured the internal temperature of the boxes. Female Bechstein's bats showed a clear preference for boxes with more roosting space, as evidenced by a higher frequency of nightly visits and more frequent use as day roosts. As there was no significant difference in temperature between boxes with different internal volumes, roost temperature cannot explain the bats' preference for spacious roosts in our experiment. Our data provide evidence that bats can directly assess the volume of their roosts. Our results are consistent with the argument that small volume roosts may limit roosting group size potentially reducing social thermoregulation benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 4","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of food availability on the thermal performance curves of male European green lizards (Lacerta viridis).","authors":"Boglárka Mészáros, Lilla Jordán, Orsolya Molnár, János Török","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05699-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00442-025-05699-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a changing environment, characterized by human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC), understanding the impacts of environmental stressors on reptile species is crucial. Preferred body temperatures (PBT) and thermal performance curves (TPCs) are comprehensive thermal physiology traits reflecting overall physiological performance and crucial for predicting species-specific responses to environmental changes. There is limited or conflicting information on how food availability affect the PBT and TPCs of lizard species, despite their significance in the context of the global decline in reptile species. The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate how food deprivation affects the PBT and TPCs of the European green lizards (Lacerta viridis). We exposed 30 adult male European green lizards to optimal and suboptimal food treatments. We assessed PBTs, and characterized the TPCs based on the thermal optimum (T_o), the maximum performance (P_max) and performance breadth (B₈₀) of the lizards. We found that food availability had a significant impact on preferred body temperature and locomotor performance. Lizards experiencing suboptimal conditions showed a preference for lower body temperatures, indicating an intention to minimize energy expenditure during fasting. Additionally, food-deprived lizards had wider B₈₀ range, suggesting their thermal acclimatization to maintain effective performance across a broader temperature range. Our findings highlight the importance of food availability as a key environmental stressor influencing thermoregulation strategies. As habitat modifications and global warming continue, it is crucial to evaluate the impacts of these changes on species for the development of effective conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 4","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant size influences specific leaf area in palms: a case for the diminishing returns hypothesis.","authors":"Gerardo Avalos, Kaila Frazer, Hélène Le Gall","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05698-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-025-05698-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body size is essential in determining an organism's functional performance and metabolic requirements, influencing biological processes from organisms to ecosystems. Metabolic scaling theory integrates the size-metabolism relationship, yet most research overlooks intraspecific trait variation due to ontogeny. Specific leaf area (SLA) is a critical functional trait that reflects investment on photosynthetic tissues relative to leaf construction costs. SLA influences photosynthetic capacity and growth rates and varies across life stages. While plants exhibit interspecific differences in acquisitive (high SLA, fast growth) and conservative (low SLA, slow growth) strategies, the diminishing returns hypothesis suggests that these strategies are shaped by the proportion of supporting structures that develop over the plant´s lifespan (intraspecific variation), predicting a negative SLA relationship with increasing size. In tropical environments, palms are ecologically important yet still understudied in functional traits. Here, we examine the relationship between SLA and size in six neotropical understory and canopy palm species (236 individuals). Results showed higher SLA in understory species and a negative SLA-size relationship across most species. SLA inversely correlated with leaf thickness and leaf water content. ANCOVA models explained substantial SLA variation related to palm size, with species-specific differences in regression slopes. These findings underscore the importance of considering inter- and intraspecific SLA variation and ontogenetic changes. Understanding the trade-off between acquisitive and conservative strategies within the context of the diminishing returns hypothesis offers insights into plant growth strategies and their ecological implications, which is essential for predicting plant adaptation to environmental gradients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 4","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral trait dissimilarity indirectly decreases heterospecific pollen transfer through pollinator sharing in a subalpine meadow.","authors":"Chunyan Zhao, Suyan Ba, Tao Zhang, Yage Li, Qiang Fang","doi":"10.1007/s00442-025-05694-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-025-05694-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Co-flowering species are suggested to exhibit divergent floral traits to minimize interspecific competition. However, few studies have evaluated whether and by which pathways floral trait dissimilarity affects interspecific pollen transfer among co-flowering species, which limits our understanding of the interplay between mutualistic and competitive interactions within plant-pollinator networks. We conducted a three-year field investigation from 2021 to 2023 in a sub-alpine meadow in southwest China. We observed plant-pollinator interactions and identified pollen grains on the stigmas of co-flowering species to construct plant-pollinator visitation networks and heterospecific pollen transfer (HPT) networks. We also measured 18 floral traits across 44 co-flowering species, categorizing these traits into attractant traits (flower color spectra, corolla morphology) and reproductive traits (male and female organs). By calculating the dissimilarities in each floral trait category between species pairs, we conducted structural equation modeling to link the dissimilarities in floral traits between species pairs with pollinator sharing and HPT. Our results demonstrated that dissimilarities in flower color and corolla morphology significantly reduced pollinator sharing, and indirectly decreased HPT. Conversely, the dissimilarities in male and female-organ traits did not have a significant impact on HPT or pollinator sharing. Our findings support the theory that divergent floral traits help reduce interspecific competition, highlighting the adaptive significance of floral trait divergence in plant-pollinator interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19473,"journal":{"name":"Oecologia","volume":"207 4","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}