Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods最新文献

{"title":"Transformational Technologies and the Creation of New Work Practices: Making Implicit Knowledge Explicit in Task-based Offshoring","authors":"P. Leonardi, D. Bailey","doi":"10.2307/25148846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/25148846","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have shown the knowledge transfer problems that arise when communication and storage technologies are employed to accomplish work across time and space. Much less is known about knowledge transfer problems associated with transformational technologies, which afford the creation, modification, and manipulation of digital artifacts. Yet, these technologies play a critical role in offshoring by allowing the distribution of work at the task level, what we call task-based offshoring. For example, computer-aided engineering applications transform input like physical dimensions, location coordinates, and material properties into computational models that can be shared electronically among engineers around the world as they work together on analysis tasks. Digital artifacts created via transformational technologies often embody implicit knowledge that must be correctly interpreted to successfully act upon the artifacts. To explore what problems might arise in interpreting this implicit knowledge across time and space, and how individuals might remedy these problems, we studied a firm that sent engineering tasks from home sites in Mexico and the United States to an offshore site in India. Despite having proper formal education and ample tool skills, the Indian engineers had difficulty interpreting the implicit knowledge embodied in artifacts sent to them from Mexico and the United States. To resolve and prevent the problems that subsequently arose, individuals from the home sites developed five new work practices to transfer occupational knowledge to the offshore site. The five practices were defining requirements, monitoring progress, fixing returns, routing tasks strategically, and filtering quality. The extent to which sending engineers in our study were free from having to enact these new work practices because on-site coordinators acted on their behalf predicted their perceptions of the effectiveness of the offshoring arrangement, but Indian engineers preferred learning from sending engineers, not on-site coordinators. Our study contributes to theories of knowledge transfer and has practical implications for managing task-based offshoring arrangements.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115833332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indeterminacy and the Discourse of Inevitability in International Technology Management","authors":"P. Leonardi","doi":"10.5465/AMR.2008.34422017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2008.34422017","url":null,"abstract":"In multinational corporations, the implementation of a new technology is often accompanied with technologically deterministic discourse about how people should use the new technology, and how the technology will standardize work across local units. Rather than treat this discourse as empirically inaccurate or ill-informed, this paper considers what effect technologically deterministic rhetoric might have on the process of technology implementation. I argue that deterministic discourse creates an ideological orientation toward technological change called a Discourse of inevitability, which makes the fundamentally indeterminate relationship between technology and culture appear as though it must be determinate. The implications of the article concern the need for researchers to take into account how institutionalized images of technology can be used discursively to create outcomes in multi-national corporations and how such discourse can promote the interests of powerful actors while marginalizing others.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114563221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vision into Action: Infosys Technologies","authors":"A. Saha","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1067441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1067441","url":null,"abstract":"Infosys is one of the world's most respected companies. It is one of those companies which have changed the way India is perceived in the global purview. Since its inception Infosys' founder members shared the vision of becoming a globally recognized organization providing high quality business solutions. Infosys is regarded as a highly respected organization because of the set of values which drive them; like the integrity and transparency with which they conduct themselves, their customer friendliness and their exemplary leadership. This article delves into the company's growth path and the role played by their vision and mission in their progress.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115442323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network of Tinkerers: A Model of Open-Source Technology Innovation","authors":"P. Meyer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1071991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1071991","url":null,"abstract":"Airplanes were invented by hobbyists and experimenters, and some personal computers were as well. Similarly, many open-source software developers are interested in the software they make, and not focused on profit. Based on these cases, this paper has a model of agents called tinkerers who want to improve a technology for their own reasons, by their own criteria, and who see no way to profit from it. Under these conditions, they would rather share their technology than work alone. The members of the agreement form an information network. The network's members optimally specialize based on their opportunities in particular aspects of the technology or in expanding or managing the network. Endogenously there are incentives to standardize on designs and descriptions of the technology. A tinkerer in the network who sees an opportunity to produce a profitable product may exit the network to create a startup firm and conduct focused research and development. Thus a new industry can arise.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125583787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seriosity: Addressing the Challenges of Limited Attention Spans","authors":"David A. Bray, PhD, Karen Croxson, W. Dutton, B. Konsynski","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1016484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1016484","url":null,"abstract":"Our case study seeks to investigate how Seriosity operates as a distributed problem solving network (DPSN) with the goals of addressing the organizational challenges of limited attention spans - embodied both by information pollution and knowledge overload. We first consider the background behind such challenges and why they will increasingly diminish organizational performance if not successfully mitigated by organizations of the future. We then consider how Seriosity measures the performance outcomes of its technologies - specifically, how does Seriosity know it is successful at translating elements of MMORPG's to help individuals better collaborate and coordinate their activities?","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"13 36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128761902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tales of the (Virtual) City: Governing Property Disputes in Virtual Worlds","authors":"Bobby Glushko","doi":"10.15779/Z38497Q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38497Q","url":null,"abstract":"As virtual worlds grow in size and acceptance, increasing amounts of time and energy are spent by their users in the pursuit and creation of virtual property. This paper argues that the current governing regimes of these worlds, end user licensing agreements, are insufficient to deal with these interests. The author examines several of these worlds, the conflicts within them, and the inadequacy of EULAs to govern them.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131084091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are 'Webographic' or Attitudinal Questions Useful for Adjusting Estimates from Web Surveys Using Propensity Scoring?","authors":"Matthias Schonlau, A. van Soest, A. Kapteyn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1006108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1006108","url":null,"abstract":"Inference from Web surveys may be affected by non-random selection of Web survey participants. One approach to reduce selection bias is to use propensity scores and a parallel phone survey. This approach uses demographic and additional so-called Webographic or lifestyle variables to balance observed differences between Web survey respondents and phone survey respondents. Here the authors investigate some of the Webographic questions used by Harris Interactive, a commercial company specializing in Web surveys. Their Webographic questions include choice of activities such as reading, sports and traveling and perceptions about what would constitute a violation of privacy. They use data from an existing probability sample of respondents over 40 who are interviewed over the phone, and a corresponding sample of respondents interviewed over the Web. They find that Webographic questions differentiate between on and offline populations differently than demographic questions. In general, propensity score adjustment of variables in the Web survey works quite well for a number of variables of interest (including home ownership and labor force participation). For two outcomes, (having emotional problems and often experiencing pain) the process of adjusting for demographic variables leads to the discovery of an instance of Simpson's paradox, implying a differential mode effect or differential selection. They interpret this mainly as the result of a mode effect, where sensitive questions are more likely to receive a positive response over the Internet than over the phone.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133359587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualizing Information Systems and Cognitive Sustainability in 21st Century 'Attention' Economies (Includes Syllabus)","authors":"David A. Bray, PhD","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.991165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.991165","url":null,"abstract":"This course will bring together a group of students studying information systems (IS), primarily in business, though we welcome additional perspectives to include IS in medicine, public health, law, environmental sciences, neurobiology, or other fields. As a class, we will analyze and discuss the issues of individual and group cognitive sustainability in multitasking, knowledge-driven economies. Specifically, as developed societies increasingly become knowledge-driven economies, the risk of eroding cognitive sustainability and emotional well-being of humans also increases. Similar to the effect of pollution on the Earth's natural environment, information pollution can erode the limited attention spans of individuals and cause detrimental stress-related effects for both individuals and societies as a whole.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"44 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116998520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Cultures Clash Electronically: The Impact of E-Mail and Culture on Negotiation Behavior","authors":"A. S. Rosette, J. Brett, Z. Barsness, Anne L. Lytle","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.959034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.959034","url":null,"abstract":"Hypotheses based on e-mail features and cultural norms predicted differences in the use of aggressive opening offers and individual gains between Hong Kong Chinese and U.S. negotiators. Study 1 examined intra-cultural negotiations and Study 2 investigated inter-cultural negotiations. Taken together, the two studies suggest that Hong Kong and U.S. negotiators vary substantially in the manner in which they negotiate via email and face-to-face, which resulted in differences in individual gains.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131112818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Does Helping Help or Hurt? Factors Affecting Consumer Satisfaction from Retailer Help in Web and Store Shopping","authors":"E. Greenleaf, V. Morwitz, R. Winer","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.946225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.946225","url":null,"abstract":"Help-seeking and help-giving have been investigated extensively in other areas, such as psychology, education, and child development, but have received relatively little attention in consumer behavior settings, where retailers often provide consumers with help. We draw from the extant literature on help, and from the unique aspects of help in consumer settings, to develop hypotheses concerning the impact on consumers of three kinds of help - requested, offered, and imposed - that have been identified in help research in other areas, and how this impact differs across store and internet shopping. We test these hypotheses with two laboratory experiments, one field study, and two field experiments.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134541335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}