Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods最新文献

{"title":"Minding the Gaps: Understanding Technology Interdependence and Coordination in Knowledge Work","authors":"D. Bailey, P. Leonardi, Jan Chong","doi":"10.1287/ORSC.1090.0473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1287/ORSC.1090.0473","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we broaden the concept of interdependence beyond its focus on task to include technology, defining technology interdependence as technologies' interaction with and dependence on one another in the course of carrying out work. With technologies increasingly aiding knowledge work, understanding technology interdependence may be as important as understanding task interdependence for theories of organizing, but the literature has yet to develop ways of thinking about technology interdependence or its impact on the social dynamics of work. We define a technology gap as the space in a workflow between two technologies wherein the output of the first technology is meant to be the input to the second one. Using data from an inductive study of two engineering occupations (hardware engineering and structural engineering), we analyzed engineers' gap encounters (episodes in which a technology gap appeared in the course of action) and found striking differences in how engineers minded the gaps. Hardware engineers minded the gaps by coordinating technologies via “bridges” that automated data transfers between technologies. Structural engineers, in contrast, allowed technology gaps to persist even though traversing gaps consumed significant time and effort. Our findings highlight a difference between task and technology in the degree of coordination necessary for success. Managers in our study designed policies around technology interdependence and coordination not to manage technology most efficiently, but to manage work and workers in a manner consistent with occupational structures and industry constraints. We discuss the implications of our findings for theories of organizing work.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124763271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sited, Sighted, and Cited: The Effect of JSTOR in Economic Research","authors":"C. Depken, Michael R. Ward","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1472063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1472063","url":null,"abstract":"By increasing the ability to discover, access, and use academic journal articles, the Internet has become the dominant mode by which scholars stay abreast of the scholarly literature. This new technology is hypothesized to have impacted the referencing pattern as well as the research productivity of scholars. These hypotheses are tested in the area of economics using a natural experiment of access to the JSTOR article archiving service. We find evidence that access to journals available through JSTOR leads economists to refer more to JSTOR journals at the expense of non-JSTOR journals, that is, JSTOR access induces substitution away from journals not available in the JSTOR archive. Furthermore, JSTOR access increases the quantity, if not quality, of economic research generated at an institution. From this accumulated evidence, we deduce that Information and Communication Technology has the potential to not only increase productivity, but by increasing research productivity, can also increase the rate of economic growth.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"322 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132458294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confirmatory News","authors":"E. Panova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1370659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1370659","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the effect of competitive pressures on the quality of reporting by the media with reputational concerns. Competition helps to elicit information from the media when news covers issues on which the priors are su¢ ciently precise, or else issues on which the true state of things is likely to be eventually revealed. However, it induces conrmatory reporting when news concerns controversial issues and it is hardly possible to ever asses its quality.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127001384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information Communication Technologies and Its Challenges","authors":"Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1439751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1439751","url":null,"abstract":"Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) which include radio, television, as well as newer digital technology such as computer and the internet. ICTs are a potentially powerful tool for extending educational opportunities, formal and non-formal, to previously underserved constituencies - scattered and rural populations. ICTs helps to devleop the 21st century skills which include digital age literacy, inventive thinking, higher-order thinking and sound reasoning, effective communication, and high productivity. It provides opportunities to deploy innovative teaching methodologies and to deploy more interesting material that create an interest in the students. But there are number of challenges that need to be understood before delving into a discussion of the use of ICT in higher education which included inadequate availability of technology, poor infrastructure, resistance to change and content of language.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127368419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding International Broadband Comparisons 2009 Update","authors":"S. Wallsten","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1434570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1434570","url":null,"abstract":"This paper updates my May 2008 analysis of cross-country broadband data where new information is available. Household broadband adoption continues to increase quickly in all OECD countries. U.S. household broadband penetration increased from 47 percent in March 2007 to 63 percent in April 2009, meaning the U.S. ranks somewhere between 8th and 10th in household broadband penetration among OECD countries. If current trends continue, the U.S. and nearly all wealthy OECD countries will reach a saturation point within the next few years. Speeds continue to increase around the world. Four OECD countries — Korea, Japan, Sweden, and the Netherlands at 18, 15, 12, and 9.4 mbps — had average download speeds well above others in the first quarter of 2009. Another 12 countries had average download speeds between 6 and 8 mbps, including the U.S. with an average of 6.4 mbps. Though the U.S. has, on average, slower download speeds than some other countries, consumers in the U.S. download far more movies and music per capita via the Internet than do consumers in the U.K, France, Germany, Italy, Canada, or Japan (the only countries considered in a recent Ofcom study), suggesting that these speeds are not seriously hindering growth in online video. In terms of prices, the U.S. appears to have among the least expensive low-end broadband plans but among the more expensive high-end plans. More broadly, the U.S. remains at or near the top of many other ICT indicators including the latest estimates of IT investment.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131674736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peddling Influence through Intermediaries","authors":"Wei Li","doi":"10.1257/AER.100.3.1136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/AER.100.3.1136","url":null,"abstract":"A sender may communicate with a decision maker through intermediaries. In this model, an objective sender and intermediary pass on information truthfully, while biased ones favor a particular agenda but also have reputational concerns. I show that the biased sender and the biased intermediary's reporting truthfulness are strategic complements. The biased sender is less likely to use an intermediary than an objective sender if his reputational concerns are low, but more likely to do so if his reputational concerns are moderate. Moreover, the biased sender may be more likely to use an intermediary perceived to be more biased. (JEL D82, D83)","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120978272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISP Indirect Copyright Liability Regime: An Economic Efficient Liability Regime for Online Copyright Protection Shaped by Internet Technology","authors":"Weixiao Wei","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1398323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1398323","url":null,"abstract":"ISPs’ indirect copyright liability permits regulation where traditional legislation fails to meet requirements of copyright protection in a new digital environment, and makes a third party possibly to prevent or decrease the risk of copyright infringement at low cost. However, though it has been hailed as a forceful tool for governing ISPs’ liability for fierce copyright infringement committed by their users over the Internet in most of the jurisdictions, the strength of this liability regime is still being challenged. Some argued that imposing indirect liability on the ISPs may lead to ISPs’ over-zealous censorship and thereby decrease or limit free access to copyright materials. Meanwhile, the ISPs also argued that it is unfair for them to bear the full social costs generated by their users’ unlawful activities, merely because they are providing facilities and services. So far, dozens of studies have been produced to criticise those arguments and justify ISPs’ indirect copyright liability from legal point of view; however, less attention has been paid to the economic implication of ISPs’ indirect copyright liability and the significance it achieves at the confluence of law and economics. Utilizing an evaluation criterion: economic efficiency-Hicks-Kaldor criterion and a simple economic model: cost-benefit analysis, both are drawn from the theory of economics, this paper examines economic strength of indirect liability regime in the context of ISPs’ liability for online copyright infringement. It employs a string of relevant cases against those who allegedly facilitate copyright infringements to compare the costs and benefits of ISPs’ indirect copyright liability and also three applications of it including vicarious liability, contributory liability and inducement liability. The paper finally concludes that only ISPs’ indirect copyright liability regime shaped by the technology through the development of the Internet is the most efficient liability regime to tackle extensive online copyright infringements and bring long term social welfare to the society. This paper was presented at the 23rd BILETA Annual Conference 2008 on March, 2008, and it has been published in the conference proceeding of the 23rd BILETA Annual Conference 2008.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126096627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision Aid Reliance: A Field Study Involving Professional Buy-Side Financial Analysts","authors":"J. Hunton, V. Arnold, Jacqueline L. Reck","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1410763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1410763","url":null,"abstract":"Decision aids (DAs) are designed to assist and improve decision-making processes, and they have been incorporated into many professions, such as auditing, law and medicine. Yet, research findings regarding how DAs impact judgments and decisions has been somewhat mixed, often indicating a reluctance of experienced decision-makers to rely on the recommendations of DAs. One of the major criticisms of this line of research is that prior studies examining DA reliance have been conducted in artificial experimental settings using researcher-developed aids; thus, researchers and practitioners know very little about DA reliance in the field. The current study complements and extends prior DA research by examining the DA reliance behavior of professional buy-side financial analysts in a real world environment.A large mutual fund company provided data on buy-side analysts’ earnings forecasts for four consecutive quarters. As part of the decision process, all of the analysts had a DA available to assist in making earnings forecasts. The results indicate that higher task ability is associated with greater DA reliance, increased performance-contingent incentives are related to decreased DA reliance, and more task complexity is associated with more DA reliance. Also, greater confidence in the DA heightened reliance, and DA confidence interacted with performance-contingent incentives. Finally, increased DA reliance was associated with more accurate earnings forecasts. These results provide valuable theoretical and practical insight into the use of an operational DA by professional decision-makers in a natural work environment.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134054662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citizen Centric Telecommunications Services During Emergencies - Indian Context","authors":"Monish Gulati","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1374302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1374302","url":null,"abstract":"Citizen centric telecommunication includes both 'Citizen to Authority' as well as 'Citizen to Citizen' for voice and data service from wireless and landline access, including limited mobility on fixed line users. Telecommunications infrastructure failures are common occurrences during disasters due to a variety of reasons including network congestion. Reducing the impact of emergencies and disasters public telecommunications is a significant challenge, an urgent priority, and a fundamental expectation of the citizens from the government regulators and the TSPs. Public safety and disaster preparedness do not get the attention they merit in India, where neither the government nor the individual find it worth the while to invest or pay for the 'add-ons' of emergency devices or facilities. On the other hand initiatives of the Indian telcos during disasters lack content and veer away from their core competencies. This paper focuses on the citizen related communication aspects and aims to establish realistic expectations in terms of the service and policy in the context of citizen centric emergency communications in India.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121075559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence and Success in the Attention Economy","authors":"Fang Wu, B. Huberman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1369484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1369484","url":null,"abstract":"A hallmark of the attention economy is the competition for the attention of others. Thus people persistently upload content to social media sites, hoping for the highly unlikely outcome of topping the charts and reaching a wide audience. And yet, an analysis of the production histories and success dynamics of 10 million videos from YouTube revealed that the more frequently an individual uploads content the less likely it is that it will reach a success threshold. This paradoxical result is further compounded by the fact that the average quality of submissions does increase with the number of uploads, with the likelihood of success less than that of playing a lottery.","PeriodicalId":193943,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems: Behavioral & Social Methods","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116599078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}