Odontology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of different cavity designs and CAD/CAM blocks on fracture resistance of maxillary premolars with MOD cavities.","authors":"Mohamed F Haridy, Hend S Ahmed, Radwa Nagy Ahmed, Shaimaa Elsayed Elhusseiny","doi":"10.1007/s10266-025-01079-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10266-025-01079-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of maxillary premolars restored by different CAD/CAM blocks with different MOD cavity designs. A total of 56 maxillary premolars were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups. I: intact teeth as a positive control group. Standardized MOD cavities were prepared in the remaining group specimens. II: teeth had MOD cavities but were left unrestored as a negative control group. III: MOD preparations restored with inlays with no cusp reduction. IV: MOD preparations restored with overlays with cusp reduction. Group III and IV were further subdivided into two subgroups according to material used, i.e., either lithium disilicate or composite CAD/CAM blocks. All specimens were subjected to 5000 cycles of thermocycling and then tested for fracture resistance. Failure patterns were also examined. Data were statistically analyzed using Welch one-way ANOVA followed by Games-Howell's post hoc test. The results showed significant differences among the experimental groups (p < 0.001). The highest fracture resistance value was observed in positive control group, followed by overlays restored with lithium disilicate blocks. This was followed by overlays restored with composite blocks, then inlays restored by lithium disilicate blocks, inlays restored with composite blocks, while the lowest fracture resistance value was found in negative control group. Regarding failure modes, there was a significant difference between different groups (p < 0.001). The conclusion was that fracture resistance of maxillary premolars restored by CAD/CAM inlays and overlays are greatly affected by the cavity design and material type.</p>","PeriodicalId":19390,"journal":{"name":"Odontology","volume":" ","pages":"1533-1545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12450810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity of resin-matrix composites in a dental clinical setting.","authors":"Maria Cordeiro, Júlio C M Souza, Ana T P C Gomes, Patrícia Correia, Rita Fidalgo-Pereira","doi":"10.1007/s10266-025-01055-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10266-025-01055-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to comprehensively explore the factors contributing to the resin-matrix composites' toxicity in patients. A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The bibliographic review was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central and Web of Science. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to retrieve articles published in English over the last 20 years. The research yielded 1261 articles, with 1227 articles remaining after removing duplicates. Following a title and abstract screening, 20 articles underwent full-text review, and 12 in vivo studies were included. Detectable levels of free monomers and potential toxicity exposure were reported in the selected studies on saliva, urine, and blood samples. The selected in vivo studies suggest relatively low local and systemic toxicity although the available methods show technical limitations and therefore further studies are required. Dental operator-dependent factors were also identified. Standard chair-side guidelines on handling of resin-matrix composites placement plays a key role on the properties of the materials. The results reported noticeable changes in samples were not considered significant to affect patient's health, although, manufacturer's instructions must be followed whilst using resin-matrix composites. In fact, adequate light curing parameters maintain a high degree of conversion of the resin-matrix composites  decreasing the release of residual monomers and thus the probability of related  toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19390,"journal":{"name":"Odontology","volume":" ","pages":"1343-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12450803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ultrasonic activation of endodontic sealers on root canal filling quality during the single-cone obturation procedure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of laboratory-based studies.","authors":"Shuting Feng, Weiqing Zhou, Xiaojun Chu, Shuaimei Xu, Xiongqun Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s10266-025-01075-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10266-025-01075-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aimed to investigate the potential of ultrasonic activation of sealers in improving the filling quality of single-cone obturation. A systematic search was conducted across 6 electronic databases. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed. Twenty studies were included, with 11 meeting the criteria for meta-analysis. Meta-analyses revealed lower porosity with ultrasonic activation (UA) compared to non-ultrasonic activation (NA), as demonstrated by micro-CT (MD = -1.21, 95% CI: -1.69 to 0.74, I² = 28%) and stereomicroscopy studies (coronal [MD = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.82 to -0.18, I² = 0%]; middle [MD = -0.44, 95% CI: -1.56 to 0.68, I² = 89%]; apical [MD = -0.50, 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.21, I²= 0%]. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis showed significantly higher sealer penetration (%) with UA at the apical [SMD = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.17 to 3.40, I² = 71%] and middle thirds [SMD = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.16 to 4.22, I² = 87%]. However, studies examining other penetration indicators and push-out bond strength yielded inconsistent results. These findings suggest that ultrasonic activation of sealers positively influences filling quality during single-cone obturation, evidenced by decreased porosity. Further research is required to explain the variations in sealer penetration and bond strength. Ultrasonic activation of root canal sealers has emerged as a promising adjunctive technique in root canal filling. This quantitative systematic evaluation study recognizes that ultrasound-activated root canal sealers have demonstrated significant potential to achieve complete obturation in single-cone obturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19390,"journal":{"name":"Odontology","volume":" ","pages":"1380-1403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between apical periodontitis and brain inflammation: a systematic review from animals and human studies.","authors":"Julia da Conceição Francisquini, Luan Felipe Toro, Renato Gomes Azevedo, Gestter Willian Lattari Tessarin","doi":"10.1007/s10266-025-01069-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10266-025-01069-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apical periodontitis (AP) is an oral inflammatory disease induced by dental pulp infection. It is characterized by inflammation, destruction, and resorption of mineralized tissues located around the dental apex. Although this is a local infection, pathogens and their products in the periapical area, as well as inflammatory cytokines, can reach other regions of the body and trigger a systemic immune/inflammatory response in the host. This condition has been associated with several types of systemic diseases. This systematic review aimed to explore the association between AP and neuroinflammation, providing insights into this relationship and discussing potential pathways used by AP microorganisms to reach the central nervous system. Extensive searches in electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane) and hand searches were conducted from January 2013 until May 2024, using the keywords apical periodontitis, endodontic infection, periapical abscess, periodontitis apical, brain inflammation, brain disorders, and neuroinflammation. Initially, 394 studies were selected. After exclusion and inclusion criteria were applied, 12 studies (7 case reports and 1 case series, 3 experimental studies using animal models, and 1 cohort study) were included in this systematic review. All studies showed the presence of AP in upper and/or lower teeth and brain disorders with neuroinflammation. It is important to mention that some cases reported the death of the patient. This systematic review indicates a significant relationship between AP and neuroinflammation based on animal and human studies. Moreover, this study suggests there may be pathways connecting upper and lower teeth with apical periodontitis to the brain, inducing neuroinflammation. Additionally, the oral cavity can become easily accessible when AP is present, allowing for the invasion of microorganisms that are usually non-invasive. This contributes to the development of systemic disorders and/or strengthens their effect, worsening brain pathologies by causing or enhancing neuroinflammation, potentially leading to death. Based on these inferences, periapex health care is essential to improve the health of the world population.Registration number: Prospero registration nº. CRD42023453543.</p>","PeriodicalId":19390,"journal":{"name":"Odontology","volume":" ","pages":"1365-1379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of the oral health and biochemical profile in hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal diseases.","authors":"Hosam Nagy, Wafaa Saleh, Ghada El Kannishy, Jilan Mohamed Youssef","doi":"10.1007/s10266-025-01071-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10266-025-01071-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study aims to investigate the oral health of end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis and to correlate it with the biochemical profile of the patients. The current study included 43 ESRD patients on regular hemodialysis. The oral hygiene status, dental, and periodontal health were measured by the following indices: decayed, missed, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, visible plaque index (VPI), and Russell periodontal index (RPI). Several biochemical, hormonal, and hematological parameters were evaluated for each patient. The correlation of the oral health status with the biochemical profile of the patients was measured. The mean age of the participants in the current study was (51.67 ± 14.7) years. About 81% of the participants were hypertensive (35), 19% were diabetic (8), and 28% showed HCV positivity (12). VPI showed 30% of patients had fair oral hygiene and 44% had poor oral hygiene. According to RPI, periodontitis was detected in more than 95% of patients. It was significantly correlated with the age and body mass index (BMI) of the patients. DMFT index was significantly positively correlated to RPI and serum transferrin saturation. RPI scores showed a significant correlation between the ages of the patients and their BMI. VPI significantly correlated with serum calcium, but not with other biochemical variables. ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis showed several oral health concerns. Most of these patients had periodontitis, which was more frequent in diabetics and elderly patients. Advanced grades of periodontitis were associated with older age and increased BMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19390,"journal":{"name":"Odontology","volume":" ","pages":"1467-1479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12450805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mode of failure and finite element analysis of custom-made PEEK post-core (milled and pressed).","authors":"Nour Abdelmohsen, Marwa Wahsh, Maged Zohdy, Ghada Abdelfattah, Abdulaziz Alhotan, Ashraf Refaie, Christoph Bourauel, Tarek M Elshazly","doi":"10.1007/s10266-025-01084-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10266-025-01084-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To compare experimentally the failure modes of endodontically treated teeth restored with custom-made polyetheretherketone (PEEK) post-core (milled and pressed) to those restored with the standard technique of customized fiberglass posts with composite cores, and to analyze numerically stress distribution patterns in each system using the finite element analysis (FEA). Experimentally, 21 mandibular premolars were endodontically treated, prepared for post-restoration, mounted in resin mold, decapitated, and assigned to three groups: M (milled PEEK), P (pressed PEEK), and C (control group; ready-made fiberglass posts customized with resin composite). All post-core restorations were cemented and subjected to thermocycling. Failure modes were visually evaluated after fracture by means of a universal testing machine. Numerically, stress analysis was assessed using FEA, based on digital models designed to replicate the experimental setup. Milled PEEK posts showed a uniformly favorable failure mode across all specimens (100%), whereas pressed PEEK and customized fiberglass posts displayed more variable failure modes, yet with a higher proportion of favorable outcomes. Numerically, the highest VME stress values were in the cervical half of the post area (up to 62.7 MPa), with minimal differences between milled and pressed PEEK posts. PEEK posts had greater stress concentrations in the cervical area of the post area, while fiberglass posts showed slightly higher stress in the middle and apical areas. Custom-made milled and pressed PEEK posts are effective for restoring endodontically treated teeth, with milled PEEK posts showing the most favorable failure mode and stress distribution pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":19390,"journal":{"name":"Odontology","volume":" ","pages":"1582-1593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12450832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of guided endodontics when accessing root canals containing fiberglass posts: an in vitro study.","authors":"Wesley Fernandes Gonçalves, Julia Menezes Savaris, Eduardo Antunes Bortoluzzi, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia, Cleonice da Silveira Teixeira","doi":"10.1007/s10266-025-01072-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10266-025-01072-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to compare the performance of a 3D-endodontic guide (EG) and a conventional technique on the access of root canals containing fiberglass posts. Thirty single-canal lower human premolars were endodontically treated, filled using the single-cone technique, and prepared for fiberglass post luting. The teeth were positioned in the alveoli of human mandibles and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination was performed. The specimens were randomly distributed (n = 10) according to the root canal access technique: control group (G_C)-no access; conventional access group (G_CA)-root canal accessed with spherical diamond burs and ultrasonic inserts; and EG group (G_EG)-root canal accessed with bone graft/anchorage drills and EG. At the end of the root canal access, new CBCT examination was performed to assess the root canal walls' thickness and the volume of dental tissue removed during the fiberglass post removal. The time required for the access was also recorded. The data were submitted to statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, α = 0.05). G_CA promoted greater deviation than the G_EG (p < 0.05) and resulted in greater removal of the root canal walls. The volume of dental tissue/fiberglass post removed, deviations promoted, and the time spent were significantly lower (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) in G_EG than in G_CA. The use of the EG provided a lower volume of dental tissue removed, less deviation from the original root canal path, and less time for endodontic access when compared to conventional access technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":19390,"journal":{"name":"Odontology","volume":" ","pages":"1480-1490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D visualization of neurovascular networks in pulp-exposed rat molars using tissue clearing techniques.","authors":"Shan Hu, Chengxiang Zheng, Peiru Jiang, Qixuan Zhang, Yinzhuo Liu, Lei Dou","doi":"10.1007/s10266-025-01092-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10266-025-01092-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore the spatial distribution of the neurovascular network following pulp exposure using tissue clearing technology and three-dimensional imaging. An animal model with dental pulp exposure was established in maxillary molars of Sprague-Dawley rats using a round bur under water cooling. Histological evaluation was performed at various time points, and samples at 24 h postoperatively was selected for tissue clearing and whole-mount immunofluorescence staining using markers for blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and mesenchymal stem cells. Three-dimensional images were captured with a light-sheet microscope. Three-dimensional imaging revealed the spatial arrangement of nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, as well as the relative positions of sympathetic and sensory nerves in the maxilla. The neurovascular network structure in pulp-exposed molars showed significant alterations compared to healthy molars. Additionally, nerves passing through lateral canals were visualized in three-dimensional space. Numerous STRO-1-positive cells were identified in the maxilla, although their distribution lacked a defined spatial pattern. This study sheds light on the three-dimensional architecture of vascular, neural, and lymphatic networks in dental pulp and surrounding tissues under healthy and pathological conditions. Tissue clearing proves to be a valuable technique for visualizing the spatial organization of dental pulp tissue in physiological and pathological states.</p>","PeriodicalId":19390,"journal":{"name":"Odontology","volume":" ","pages":"1659-1666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of immortalized human minor salivary gland cells and chemokine expression induced by IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β.","authors":"Takako Naruse, Kouji Ohta, Misaki Akagi, Miyuki Sakuma, Yoko Ishida, Chieko Niwata, Takayuki Nakagawa, Shigehiro Ono, Fumie Shiba, Toshinori Ando, Hiromi Nishi, Hideo Shigeishi, Tomonao Aikawa","doi":"10.1007/s10266-025-01080-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10266-025-01080-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of inflammatory response by salivary gland cells is considered to be important in the pathogenesis of salivary gland chronic inflammation, as seen in Sjögren's syndrome patients. The primary salivary gland cell cultures are required to investigate such inflammatory responses, though primary cells exhibit a limited replicative short lifespan with only a few passages. An immortalized human minor salivary gland cell line, NSG cells, was established by transfection with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and SV40 large T antigen (SV40LT). The effects of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β on chemokine expression in those cells were then examined. Following hTERT expression vector and SV40LT vector transfections into minor salivary gland cells with a non-viral method, real-time PCR was employed to examine the effects of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β on chemokine mRNA expression. Additionally, ELISA was used to examine the effects of combinations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β on CXCL10 and CXCL1 protein expressions. NSG cell growth was found to continue for more than 100 population doublings and the cells constitutively expressed immortalized-related and salivary gland-associated genes. IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β each increased the examined chemokines by various levels. Both TNF-α and IL-1β separately increased IFN-γ-induced CXCL10 in the NSG cells, whereas IFN-γ decreased CXCL1 induced by TNF-α or IL-1β. An immortalized human minor salivary gland cell line was established by hTERT and SV40LT transfection. The examinations showed that IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β have important roles for development of salivary gland inflammation, such as Sjögren's syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19390,"journal":{"name":"Odontology","volume":" ","pages":"1546-1557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can pigments of different natures interfere with the cytotoxicity from in-office bleaching?","authors":"Rafael Antonio de Oliveira Ribeiro, Beatriz Voss Martins, Marlon Ferreira Dias, Victória Peruchi, Caroline Anselmi, Igor Paulino Mendes Soares, Josimeri Hebling, Vanessa Cavalli, Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa","doi":"10.1007/s10266-025-01068-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10266-025-01068-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the influence of tooth stained with different colored solutions on the cytotoxicity of a 35% H₂O₂-bleaching gel.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The established groups were (n = 8): NC- without treatment (negative control); PC- 35% H₂O₂ (positive control); CO- coffee + 35% H₂O₂; BT- black tea + 35% H₂O₂; WI- wine + 35% H₂O₂; COBTWI- coffee/black tea/wine + 35% H₂O₂. Standardized enamel/dentin disks were submitted to staining protocols, adapted to artificial pulp chambers, and bleaching was performed. The chromatic alterations (ΔE_00, ΔWI_D) were assessed after bleaching and the extracts (culture medium + diffused gel components) were collected and applied to odontoblast-like cells. The amount of diffused H₂O₂, cell viability, and oxidative stress were evaluated and data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey; p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty five% H₂O₂ effectively bleached the stained specimens, regardless of the staining solution used (CO, BT_, WI, and COBTWI), and no differences were found among the stained protocols (p > 0.05). All staining protocols reduced H₂O₂ trans-amelodentinal diffusion (p > 0.05), decreasing bleaching cytotoxicity in comparison to PC (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Irrespective of the nature of the pigment used for staining enamel and dentin, the gel with 35% H₂O₂ effectively bleached the tooth structure. The presence of pigments in both dental tissues, regardless their nature, reduced the trans-amelodentinal diffusion of H₂O₂ and consequently the cytotoxicity of the bleaching gel.</p>","PeriodicalId":19390,"journal":{"name":"Odontology","volume":" ","pages":"1447-1455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}