NPJ Vaccines最新文献_第7页

Rural-urban differences in oral typhoid vaccine responses in Uganda: contribution of Schistosoma mansoni. 乌干达口服伤寒疫苗反应的城乡差异：曼氏血吸虫的贡献。

IF 7.2 1区医学

NPJ Vaccines Pub Date : 2026-05-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-026-01484-y

Bridgious Walusimbi, Agnes Natukunda, Rebecca Amongin, Victoria Heyraud, Claire Baine, Jacent Nassuuna, Emily L Webb, Alison M Elliott, Gyaviira Nkurunungi

引用次数: 0

Resurgence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in France, 2017-2024: epidemiological, genomic, and immunological insights. 侵袭性b型流感嗜血杆菌在法国卷土重来，2017-2024：流行病学、基因组学和免疫学见解

IF 7.2 1区医学

NPJ Vaccines Pub Date : 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-026-01481-1

Nouria Belkacem, Samy Taha, Aude Terrade, Oumar Doucoure, Mélanie Denizon, Eva Hong, Michael Pruvost, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Ala-Eddine Deghmane

{"title":"Resurgence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in France, 2017-2024: epidemiological, genomic, and immunological insights.","authors":"Nouria Belkacem, Samy Taha, Aude Terrade, Oumar Doucoure, Mélanie Denizon, Eva Hong, Michael Pruvost, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Ala-Eddine Deghmane","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01481-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01481-1","url":null,"abstract":"Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines have markedly reduced global invasive Hib disease. However, surveillance in France has shown a resurgence of Hib infections in children despite >90% vaccination coverage, coinciding with the shift from a 3 + 1 to a 2 + 1 schedule. All laboratory-confirmed Hib cases reported to the French National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae (NRCMHi) between 2017 and 2024 were analysed. Vaccine failure was defined as invasive Hib disease at least 2 weeks after completion of the age-appropriate schedule. Clinical, microbiological, and immunological data were collected, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), anti-polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) IgG levels, and complement deposition assays. Among 1663 invasive H. influenzae cases, 268 (16.1%) were due to Hib, with annual proportions rising from 6.9% in 2017 to 16.8% in 2024. Of 197 cases in children under 5 years, 174 had known vaccination status; 55 (31.6%) met criteria for vaccine failure after completing the 2 + 1 schedule. All isolates were ST-6 clonal complex, without genotype linked to failure. Capsule locus duplication was found in 37% of isolates but unrelated to vaccination status. Acute-phase sera from failure cases showed anti-PRP IgG < 1 µg/mL, with convalescent titres rising above1 µg/mL; complement C3b and C5b-9 deposition correlated with antibody levels. The resurgence of Hib among fully vaccinated children highlights the need to reassess the 2 + 1 schedule and strengthen serological monitoring to sustain herd protection.","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 25-year landscape of Escherichia coli vaccine development: systematic review of human clinical studies. 大肠杆菌疫苗发展25年概况：人类临床研究的系统回顾。

IF 7.2 1区医学

NPJ Vaccines Pub Date : 2026-05-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-026-01444-6

Mosayeb Rostamian, Shahla Shahbazi, Roya Chegene Lorestani, Fatemeh Nemati Zargaran, Yadollah Bahrami

{"title":"A 25-year landscape of Escherichia coli vaccine development: systematic review of human clinical studies.","authors":"Mosayeb Rostamian, Shahla Shahbazi, Roya Chegene Lorestani, Fatemeh Nemati Zargaran, Yadollah Bahrami","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01444-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01444-6","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia coli (E. coli), especially enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) strains, remains a leading cause of diarrheal and systemic infections worldwide. Despite decades of extensive research, no licensed E. coli vaccine for human use is currently available. A comprehensive and updated synthesis of evidence from human clinical studies is timely. We performed a systematic review of clinical trials published between January 1, 2000, and October 24, 2024, identified through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Only original clinical studies of prophylactic vaccines were included; therapeutic. Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria: 34 on ETEC, 6 on ExPEC, and 2 on other pathotypes. Vaccine platforms included inactivated/killed whole-cell (n = 14), subunit (n = 12), live-attenuated (n = 9), and conjugate vaccines (n = 7). Most vaccine candidates induced measurable immune responses. Among the ten trials that reported efficacy outcomes, two presented high levels of protection, six were associated with reductions in disease severity, and two demonstrated no protective effect. Safety profiles were generally favorable. By identifying patterns of success alongside persistent gaps, this review aims to inform the rational design and strategic prioritization of next-generation E. coli vaccine candidates. Progress will require standardized efficacy trials, multivalent platforms, and optimized mucosal adjuvants to advance candidates toward licensure.","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13388711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A double-blinded, placebo-controlled field trial of an OspA-based oral reservoir targeted vaccine against Borrelia burgdorferi. 一项针对伯氏疏螺旋体的口服水库靶向疫苗的双盲、安慰剂对照现场试验。

IF 7.2 1区医学

NPJ Vaccines Pub Date : 2026-05-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-026-01440-w

Amy M Schwartz, Ferney Henao-Ceballos, Kathryn Arnold, Julia Poje, Max Waugh, Greg Joyner, Jose F Azevedo, Tyler Baccam, Eric Kontowicz, Kurayi Mahachi, Paige Witucki, Suman Kundu, Nisha Nair, Felix Pabon-Rodriguez, Grant Brown, Christine Petersen, Maria Gomes-Solecki

{"title":"A double-blinded, placebo-controlled field trial of an OspA-based oral reservoir targeted vaccine against Borrelia burgdorferi.","authors":"Amy M Schwartz, Ferney Henao-Ceballos, Kathryn Arnold, Julia Poje, Max Waugh, Greg Joyner, Jose F Azevedo, Tyler Baccam, Eric Kontowicz, Kurayi Mahachi, Paige Witucki, Suman Kundu, Nisha Nair, Felix Pabon-Rodriguez, Grant Brown, Christine Petersen, Maria Gomes-Solecki","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01440-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01440-w","url":null,"abstract":"Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by Ixodes scapularis ticks, remains a significant vector-borne illness in the United States. Small mammal reservoirs, particularly Peromyscus leucopus, play a critical role in B. burgdorferi maintenance. Here, we conducted a five-year, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled field trial deploying an oral OspA-based reservoir-targeted vaccine (RTV) across seven Maryland sites. Bayesian modeling provided estimates of vaccine impact on mouse anti-OspA antibody levels, nymphal tick infection prevalence (NIP), mouse infection rates, and seroconversion to B. burgdorferi in hunting dogs. RTV sites exhibited an estimated 10.5% proportional increase in protective murine anti-OspA antibody levels and a 15.4% reduction in NIP by year five. We also found a lower infection prevalence in mouse blood-fed nymphal ticks (9.8%). RTV sites exhibited modest decreases in mouse infection prevalence, and dog seroconversion rates were similar between groups. Our results indicate that anti-OspA antibody in vaccinated-infected/uninfected P. leucopus reduced B. burgdorferi summertime larval infection prevalence, measured as NIP reductions the following spring. This suggests that OspA-based oral RTV reduces B. burgdorferi transstadial transmission within tick populations. Our findings advance the development of reservoir-targeted solutions for Lyme disease prevention. Further evaluation of impacts on incidental hosts is needed.","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13381943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147875085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intranasal boosting enhances genital tract T cell immunity following ChAdOx1/MVA hrHPV therapeutic vaccination. 鼻内增强ChAdOx1/MVA hrHPV治疗性疫苗接种后生殖道T细胞免疫。

IF 7.2 1区医学

NPJ Vaccines Pub Date : 2026-05-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-026-01467-z

Gemma Hancock, Tom Evans, César López-Camacho, Lucy Dorrell, Karin Hellner

{"title":"Intranasal boosting enhances genital tract T cell immunity following ChAdOx1/MVA hrHPV therapeutic vaccination.","authors":"Gemma Hancock, Tom Evans, César López-Camacho, Lucy Dorrell, Karin Hellner","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01467-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01467-z","url":null,"abstract":"High risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) infect mucosal epithelia and are the causative agents of cervical cancer. Prophylactic vaccines protect against disease caused by several, but not all hrHPV types. Furthermore, prophylactic vaccines are not widely available to populations with the greatest disease burden and have no therapeutic effect in previously infected individuals. Therapeutic vaccines that enhance host immunity in individuals with persistent hrHPV infections represents a promising strategy to support cervical cancer control. However, efficacy of a therapeutic vaccine depends not only on antigen selection and delivery system, but also on the route of immunisation. Because cervical intraepithelial lesions are confined to the genital mucosa, an effective therapeutic vaccine may need to elicit immune effector cells at the site of disease. Here we study the effect of immunisation route on vaccine immunogenicity using previously described ChAdOx1- and MVA-vectored hrHPV therapeutic vaccines encoding a multigenotype insert. In addition, we used GFP-expressing viral-vectored vaccines to monitor vaccine uptake in the cervix by real-time in vivo imaging. Among all regimens tested, the intramuscular prime-intranasal boost induced the highest magnitude of E6-specific CD8+ T cells in both the spleen and cervicovaginal compartment, and also generated the greatest frequency of cervicovaginal CD8+ TRM cells.","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147875228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

LNP-based delivery of a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist elicits potent adjuvant effects and antitumor immunity. 基于lnp的toll样受体9激动剂的递送可引起强效的辅助作用和抗肿瘤免疫。

IF 7.2 1区医学

NPJ Vaccines Pub Date : 2026-05-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-026-01465-1

Yarong Zeng, Jialin Xu, Feng Han, Sibo Zhang, Rong Su, Yufang Li, Renfei Gao, Xiuli Zhang, Lizhi Zhou, Tingting Li, Hai Yu, Qingbing Zheng, Ningshao Xia, Shaowei Li, Ying Gu

{"title":"LNP-based delivery of a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist elicits potent adjuvant effects and antitumor immunity.","authors":"Yarong Zeng, Jialin Xu, Feng Han, Sibo Zhang, Rong Su, Yufang Li, Renfei Gao, Xiuli Zhang, Lizhi Zhou, Tingting Li, Hai Yu, Qingbing Zheng, Ningshao Xia, Shaowei Li, Ying Gu","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01465-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01465-1","url":null,"abstract":"The success of therapeutic cancer vaccines hinges on overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and activating robust, durable cellular immunity. Here, we engineered a highly translatable vaccine adjuvant delivery system (LNPC) by integrating the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist CpG with the FDA-approved ionizable lipid ALC-0315. This lipid nanoparticle (LNP) architecture establishes a safe, localized immunological depot that completely shields CpG from systemic nuclease degradation. Crucially, it enables the spatiotemporally coordinated co-delivery of physically admixed antigens and features a \"smart\" pH-responsive mechanism for targeted endosomal payload release. Consequently, LNPC efficiently activates the TLR9/MyD88 signaling pathway, promotes robust dendritic cell maturation, and drives a pronounced Th1-biased polarization. It uniquely induces the massive expansion of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells across diverse immunogens. In aggressive B16F10-OVA melanoma and HPV-associated TC-1 tumor models, LNPC-adjuvanted vaccines successfully remodeled the highly suppressive TME, achieving near-complete tumor clearance, significantly prolonged survival, and durable immune memory without inducing off-target systemic toxicity. Ultimately, the LNPC system represents a versatile, highly effective adjuvant platform with substantial clinical translational potential, offering a compelling new strategy for personalized tumor immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13377064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global patterns of pertussis incidence and vaccination strategies: implications of divergent surveillance data. 百日咳发病率和疫苗接种策略的全球模式：不同监测数据的含义。

IF 7.2 1区医学

NPJ Vaccines Pub Date : 2026-05-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-026-01479-9

Kangguo Li, Yulun Xie, Jiadong Wu, Yunzhi Zenghuang, Tao Chen, Juan Li, Sha Chen, Ziyan Liu, Honglian Liu, Jia Rui, Zeyu Zhao, Mingzhai Wang, Kaiwei Luo, Yanhua Su, Tianmu Chen

{"title":"Global patterns of pertussis incidence and vaccination strategies: implications of divergent surveillance data.","authors":"Kangguo Li, Yulun Xie, Jiadong Wu, Yunzhi Zenghuang, Tao Chen, Juan Li, Sha Chen, Ziyan Liu, Honglian Liu, Jia Rui, Zeyu Zhao, Mingzhai Wang, Kaiwei Luo, Yanhua Su, Tianmu Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01479-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01479-9","url":null,"abstract":"Pertussis remains a global threat for infants, and recent increases in notifications have renewed interest in optimising vaccination strategies and improving vaccines. At the biological level, the rationale for maternal pertussis immunization extends beyond passive antibody transfer alone and may also involve broader maternal-infant immune interactions; however, at the population level these mechanisms are operationalized through policy adoption, timing recommendations, and coverage. We compared incidence constructs from WHO routine notifications and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) modelled estimates and assessed how associations with vaccination policy indicators change across outcome definitions. Trends were characterised with Joinpoint regression; policy associations were estimated using Bayesian hierarchical models fitted separately to each dataset with Universal Health Coverage stratified random intercepts. Incidence levels and trends differed markedly between WHO and GBD. Unadjusted analyses showed heterogeneous, sometimes opposing, associations for maternal immunization and schedule timing. After adjustment, most schedule parameters were small and imprecise, whereas DTP3 coverage remained strongly inversely associated with incidence in GBD but not in WHO. Surveillance and modelled estimates should not be interpreted interchangeably; harmonized constructs and routine implementation and ascertainment metadata are needed for robust cross-country inference.","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13376431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maturation-deficient chikungunya virus elicits protective immune responses in a murine challenge model. 成熟缺陷基孔肯雅病毒在小鼠攻击模型中引起保护性免疫反应。

IF 7.2 1区医学

NPJ Vaccines Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-026-01478-w

Danillo Lucas Alves Esposito, Jhefferson Barbosa Guimarães, Benedito Antonio Lopes da Fonseca, Beate Mareike Kümmerer

{"title":"Maturation-deficient chikungunya virus elicits protective immune responses in a murine challenge model.","authors":"Danillo Lucas Alves Esposito, Jhefferson Barbosa Guimarães, Benedito Antonio Lopes da Fonseca, Beate Mareike Kümmerer","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01478-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01478-w","url":null,"abstract":"Maturation of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) particles is dependent on cleavage of the precursor glycoprotein p62 into the proteins E3 and E2 by the cellular protease furin. Here, we produced immature CHIKV particles by infecting furin-deficient cells and characterized them in comparison to mature particles by electron microscopy. Ectopic expression of furin in the furin-deficient cells restored the production of infectious particles, underpinning the importance of this enzyme in particle maturation. To prevent furin‑mediated maturation in mammalian cells, we engineered a recombinant CHIKV in which the furin cleavage site was replaced by a Tobacco Etch virus (TEV) protease site, rendering the virus non‑infectious unless treated in vitro with TEV protease. TEV‑matured particles became infectious and, when used for immunization, induced a stronger immune response than their untreated counterparts, as evidenced by higher neutralizing antibody titers. In vivo, a single immunization with TEV‑treated particles protected IFNAR‑/‑ mice against a lethal CHIKV challenge. In immunocompetent mice, vaccination also reduced viremia and CHIKV‑induced footpad swelling. Together, these findings demonstrate that in vitro maturation of CHIKV modified with a TEV cleavage site promotes a safe, replication limited immunogenic particle, establishing a promising platform for developing vaccines against viruses that require furin protease maturation.","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13153275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A BcfA-containing intranasal vaccine generated T_H17 immunity and reduced B. bronchiseptica colonization and disease in mice. 含bcfa的鼻内疫苗可产生TH17免疫，并减少小鼠的支杆菌定植和疾病。

IF 7.2 1区医学

NPJ Vaccines Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-026-01472-2

Alexa R Aubrey, Komal K Patel, Jesse M Hall, Mohamed M Shamseldin, Myra Guo, Gianni B DeLucia, Siddhi Shah, Kara N Corps, Rajendar Deora, Purnima Dubey

{"title":"A BcfA-containing intranasal vaccine generated TH17 immunity and reduced B. bronchiseptica colonization and disease in mice.","authors":"Alexa R Aubrey, Komal K Patel, Jesse M Hall, Mohamed M Shamseldin, Myra Guo, Gianni B DeLucia, Siddhi Shah, Kara N Corps, Rajendar Deora, Purnima Dubey","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01472-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01472-2","url":null,"abstract":"Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) is a significant etiologic agent of respiratory disease in farm and companion animals. Current vaccines provide short-lived protection against disease, but do not elicit mucosal immunity that is critical for sustained protection. Here we tested a trivalent protein subunit vaccine composed of Bordetella antigens filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) pertactin (Prn), and the dual antigen-adjuvant Bordetella colonization factor A (BcfA). Intranasal immunization of mice generated TH17 polarized systemic and tissue-resident CD4 + T cells and systemic and mucosal IgG and IgA antibodies. Immunized mice were protected against weight loss, bronchoconstriction and cough and displayed reduced lung inflammation. Following challenge, Bb was cleared from the lungs and reduced in the nose of immunized mice. This subunit vaccine has the potential to provide sustained protection against Bb infection and disease in companion and farm animals.","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13369460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparison of two- and three-dose MVA-BN mpox vaccination series on anti-monkeypox virus immunity. 两剂和三剂MVA-BN m痘系列疫苗抗猴痘病毒免疫的比较。

IF 7.2 1区医学

NPJ Vaccines Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-026-01475-z

Aaron L Oom, Kesi K Wilson, Stephanie Rettig, Michael Tuen, Marie I Samanovic, Angelica C Kottkamp, Ramin Sedaghat Herati, Ralf Duerr, Mark J Mulligan

{"title":"A comparison of two- and three-dose MVA-BN mpox vaccination series on anti-monkeypox virus immunity.","authors":"Aaron L Oom, Kesi K Wilson, Stephanie Rettig, Michael Tuen, Marie I Samanovic, Angelica C Kottkamp, Ramin Sedaghat Herati, Ralf Duerr, Mark J Mulligan","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01475-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01475-z","url":null,"abstract":"The 2022 global outbreak of clade IIb mpox represented a turning point in public health's handling of poxviruses. The primary vaccine available for the prevention of mpox is modified vaccinia Ankara from Bavarian-Nordic (MVA-BN). We previously reported a nondurable and low-avidity antibody response against mpox elicited by MVA-BN. In this study, we expanded upon this knowledge by employing a microneutralization assay to measure monkeypox virus (MPXV) neutralizing titers and a multiplexed immunoassay to assess IgG titers and avidity against eight MPXV antigens and two vaccinia antigens. Through a machine learning analysis, we uncovered that MVA-BN vaccinees without prior smallpox vaccination largely return to a baseline seroprofile within a year of immunization. Notably, we identified a discrete population within this group that mounted a robust neutralizing antibody response associated with a longer dosing interval during the MVA-BN primary series. Furthermore, we found that boosting with a third dose of MVA-BN increases IgG avidity against certain MPXV antigens, as part of a booster-specific seroprofile. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing immune responses through MVA-BN boosters, presenting a potential approach to addressing the limited MPXV-specific immunity observed following the primary series.","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13365541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0