Neuroscience Letters最新文献_第6页

Alterations in iron levels in the locus coeruleus of a transgenic Alzheimer’s disease rat model

IF 2.5 4区医学

Neuroscience Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138151

Kayla Aishwarya Bhagaloo , Lei Yu , Elizabeth A. West , Daniel J. Chandler , Natalia Shcherbik

{"title":"Alterations in iron levels in the locus coeruleus of a transgenic Alzheimer’s disease rat model","authors":"Kayla Aishwarya Bhagaloo , Lei Yu , Elizabeth A. West , Daniel J. Chandler , Natalia Shcherbik","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron is essential for brain function, acting as a cofactor for enzymes involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism. However, dysregulated iron homeostasis is increasingly linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The locus coeruleus (LC), a norepinephrine-producing brainstem nucleus, is among the earliest regions affected in AD, yet its iron dynamics remain poorly understood. This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of iron content in the LC by combining a transgenic AD rat model, precise anatomical isolation, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for high-sensitivity metal quantification. This approach enabled the profiling of iron and zinc concentrations in the LC, uncovering novel insights into iron dysregulation in AD. We observed a significant genotype-specific increase in LC iron levels in TgF344-AD rats compared to wild-type controls. Notably, our findings reveal distinct iron alterations in TgF344-AD rats, suggesting a previously unrecognized role for iron homeostasis in LC dysfunction. These results provide new perspectives on iron dysregulation in AD pathology and its potential as a therapeutic target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"850 ","pages":"Article 138151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nasal mucosal mesenchymal stem cells promote repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats by modulating the inflammatory microenvironment 鼻黏膜间充质干细胞通过调节炎症微环境促进大鼠坐骨神经损伤的修复

IF 2.5 4区医学

Neuroscience Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138112

Yushi Tang , Yilu Li , Wenhui Yang , Zhenxing Tao , Wentao Shi , Mengyuan Yu , Bai Xu , Xiaojie Lu

{"title":"Nasal mucosal mesenchymal stem cells promote repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats by modulating the inflammatory microenvironment","authors":"Yushi Tang , Yilu Li , Wenhui Yang , Zhenxing Tao , Wentao Shi , Mengyuan Yu , Bai Xu , Xiaojie Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sciatic nerve injury (SNI) represents the most prevalent form of peripheral nerve damage, resulting in the rapid activation of macrophages into the M1 phenotype following injury. This activation induces an inflammatory microenvironment that negatively impacts nerve regeneration. Ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), isolated from nasal mucosa, possess the capacity for multidirectional differentiation and exhibit immunomodulatory effects. Modulating macrophage polarization to create a favorable environment for nerve repair may represent a potential approach to facilitate nerve recovery. This investigation sought to explore the effects of EMSCs transplantation on macrophage polarization and nerve regeneration in SNI, as well as to identify the underlying mechanisms. An <em>in vivo</em> SNI model was established, and behavioral and histological analyses demonstrated that EMSCs transplantation facilitated nerve function recovery. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and Western blot assays revealed an increase in M2 macrophage presence and the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines following EMSCs transplantation, thereby promoting nerve regeneration. <em>In vitro</em>, EMSCs were found to enhance M2 macrophage polarization and the production of anti-inflammatory factors. Additionally, it was confirmed that EMSCs regulate macrophage polarization through the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby fostering an optimal inflammatory environment for nerve regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"848 ","pages":"Article 138112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Augmentation of neural stem cell proliferation and enhanced differentiation toward neural and oligodendroglia lineages through sonic hedgehog pathway: Cross-activation of Notch1 and SOX10 通过sonic hedgehog通路增强神经干细胞增殖并向神经和少突胶质细胞谱系分化：Notch1和SOX10的交叉激活

IF 2.5 4区医学

Neuroscience Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138098

Arsalan Azizi , Nahid Azarmehr , Maryam Hashemi Shahraki , Roya Aryanpour , Elham Enanat , Parisa Danaee fard , Mehrzad Jafari Barmak , Amir Ghanbari

引用次数: 0

Prolactin levels increased by physical exercise correlate with platelet monoamine oxidase activity: Evidence linking platelet MAO with serotonin release capacity 体育锻炼增加催乳素水平与血小板单胺氧化酶活性相关：血小板MAO与血清素释放能力相关的证据

IF 2.5 4区医学

Neuroscience Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138116

Jaanus Harro , Diva Eensoo , Silva Suvi , Saima Timpmann , Vahur Ööpik

{"title":"Prolactin levels increased by physical exercise correlate with platelet monoamine oxidase activity: Evidence linking platelet MAO with serotonin release capacity","authors":"Jaanus Harro , Diva Eensoo , Silva Suvi , Saima Timpmann , Vahur Ööpik","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Lower platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has consistently been associated with excessive risk-taking and general psychiatric vulnerability. How this peripheral measure can represent presumably centrally regulated complex behaviours is not clear but platelet MAO activity has been suggested to reflect the capacity of serotonin release in the brain. Secretion of prolactin is in part under serotonergic control and indicates serotonin release capacity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We have assessed release of prolactin and other exercise-induced hormones in response to strenuous physical exercise in twenty male subjects and examined its association with platelet MAO activity as measured radioenzymatically.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increase in prolactin levels was positively correlated with platelet MAO activity. Levels of cortisol, growth hormone and aldosterone were also raised by exercise, but these increases were not associated with platelet MAO activity. Unexpectedly, aldosterone levels before exercise were also in a positive correlation with platelet MAO activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The finding that exercise-induced prolactin release is associated with MAO activity in platelets indirectly supports the notion that platelet MAO activity is a marker of central serotonin release capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"848 ","pages":"Article 138116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differential effects of statins on the anti-dyskinetic activity of sub-anesthetic ketamine 他汀类药物对亚麻醉氯胺酮抗运动障碍活性的不同影响。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Neuroscience Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138114

Mitchell J. Bartlett , Carolyn J. Stopera , Stephen L. Cowen , Scott J. Sherman , Torsten Falk

{"title":"Differential effects of statins on the anti-dyskinetic activity of sub-anesthetic ketamine","authors":"Mitchell J. Bartlett , Carolyn J. Stopera , Stephen L. Cowen , Scott J. Sherman , Torsten Falk","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sub-anesthetic ketamine has been demonstrated to reduce abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) in preclinical models of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) and retrospective Parkinson’s disease (PD) case reports. In this study, we examined the effects on LID of two different statins alone and in combination with ketamine in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned male rats, the standard model for preclinical LID studies. Ketamine attenuated the development of AIMs, while the non-polar lovastatin only showed anti-dyskinetic activity early in the priming period but did not prevent the development of LID, and the polar pravastatin showed no anti-dyskinetic activity. Furthermore, our main result is that pravastatin blocked the long-term neuroplastic anti-dyskinetic effects of ketamine, while lovastatin did not. This study shows two different statins affect LID and the anti-dyskinetic activity of ketamine differentially, pointing to an important drug interaction. The results further inform and support ongoing clinical testing of sub-anesthetic ketamine to treat LID in individuals with PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"848 ","pages":"Article 138114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive response to energy variations in Non-Contact tactile sensations interface using Laser-Induced plasma 激光诱导等离子体对非接触式触觉界面能量变化的认知反应。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Neuroscience Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138119

Kyu-Beom Kim , Min-Kyun Lee , Yong-Bin Jeong , Jeong-Min Kim , Mi-Hyun Choi , Hyung-Sik Kim , Byung-Chan Min , Soon-Cheol Chung

{"title":"Cognitive response to energy variations in Non-Contact tactile sensations interface using Laser-Induced plasma","authors":"Kyu-Beom Kim , Min-Kyun Lee , Yong-Bin Jeong , Jeong-Min Kim , Mi-Hyun Choi , Hyung-Sik Kim , Byung-Chan Min , Soon-Cheol Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser-induced plasma technology provides a novel method for generating tactile sensations without physical contact, offering precise and controlled stimulation. However, the impact of varying energy levels on human cognitive and perceptual responses is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to present tactile sensations using laser-induced plasma in a non-contact manner and investigate the cognitive characteristics linked to changes in the plasma’s energy parameters, specifically Pulse Width (PW) and Set Current (SC). The experiment was conducted with 35 right-handed male and female adults in their 20 s. Tactile stimuli were presented under two conditions: Condition 1 fixed SC and varied PW, while Condition 2 fixed PW and varied SC, with each condition adjusted to produce three energy levels. Subjective evaluations included assessments of tactile intensity and vocabulary using a 5-point scale. Sixteen terms related to tactile sensations were evaluated. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare scores across both factors (Condition and Energy). The results showed that as the energy level increased, the perceived intensity also rose. In the vocabulary evaluation, sensations such as “Tapping” and “Rapping” were predominant, with higher scores at increased energy levels. No significant differences were observed between the two conditions for either tactile intensity or vocabulary evaluations. In conclusion, varying the energy magnitude of laser-induced plasma can produce tactile sensations of different intensities, and the parameters used in this study successfully evoked specific sensations like slow vibration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"848 ","pages":"Article 138119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ivabradine reduces neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury by inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn 伊伐布雷定通过抑制脊髓背角的兴奋性突触传递减轻脊髓损伤后的神经性疼痛。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Neuroscience Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138113

Nobuko Ohashi , Masayuki Ohashi , Rintaro Hoshino , Hiroyuki Deguchi , Hiroshi Baba

{"title":"Ivabradine reduces neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury by inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn","authors":"Nobuko Ohashi , Masayuki Ohashi , Rintaro Hoshino , Hiroyuki Deguchi , Hiroshi Baba","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can lead to severe neuropathic pain and increased risk of myocardial infarction and heart failure; therefore, the use of analgesics against SCI-induced pain should be minimized because of their adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Ivabradine, a blocker of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channels, is used as a bradycardic agent, but recent studies focused on it as an analgesic agent for peripheral neuropathic pain. However, the analgesic effects of ivabradine on central neuropathic pain, such as SCI-induced pain, have not been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the spinal analgesic effects of ivabradine on central neuropathic pain induced by SCI. Ivabradine induced analgesia in both spontaneous pain-related behavior and mechanical allodynia in SCI-induced pain (6–7 rats/group; <em>p</em> < 0.01). In immunohistochemical staining analyses, ivabradine suppressed phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases activated by SCI-induced pain in the superficial spinal dorsal horn (6 rats/group; <em>p</em> < 0.01). In <em>in vitro</em> whole-cell patch-clamp analysis, ivabradine decreased the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in substantia gelatinosa neurons (11–12 rats/group; <em>p</em> < 0.01). We concluded that ivabradine reduces SCI-induced pain by inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"848 ","pages":"Article 138113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sleep deprivation activated AMPK/FOXO3a signaling mediates pineal autophagy impairment to reduce melatonin secretion in CUMS + SD rats leading to depression combined with insomnia 睡眠剥夺激活AMPK/FOXO3a信号介导松果体自噬损伤，减少CUMS + SD大鼠褪黑激素分泌，导致抑郁合并失眠。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Neuroscience Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138091

Zirong Li , Yi Shu , Qian Liu , Deguo Liu , Sheng Xie , Mingjun Wei , Lidan Lan , Xinyi Yang

{"title":"Sleep deprivation activated AMPK/FOXO3a signaling mediates pineal autophagy impairment to reduce melatonin secretion in CUMS + SD rats leading to depression combined with insomnia","authors":"Zirong Li , Yi Shu , Qian Liu , Deguo Liu , Sheng Xie , Mingjun Wei , Lidan Lan , Xinyi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study established an animal model of comorbid depression and insomnia by combining chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) with sleep deprivation (SD). The pathogenesis of comorbid depression and insomnia may be associated with impaired AMPK/FOXO3a signaling, which mediates autophagy inhibition, leading to decreased pineal melatonin secretion. The findings revealed that CUMS + SD rats exhibited more pronounced depression-like behaviors, sleep disorders, increased central oxidative stress, and exacerbated neuroinflammation, accompanied by reduced levels of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT) and melatonin in the pineal gland. Notably, further investigations revealed that impaired mitochondrial autophagy in the pineal gland is closely linked to the significant suppression of AMPK/FOXO3a signaling. The combined intervention of venlafaxine and melatonin effectively ameliorated the impaired mitochondrial autophagy in the pineal gland of CUMS + SD rats and stimulated melatonin secretion. Consequently, the study proposes that dysfunctional mitochondrial autophagy regulated by the AMPK/FOXO3a pathway can influence melatonin secretion, thereby playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of depression combined with insomnia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"848 ","pages":"Article 138091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of brain volumetric measurements between contrast-enhanced and non-contrast MRI images 对比增强与非对比MRI图像脑容量测量的比较分析。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Neuroscience Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138118

Aniket Aman , Aaryaman Hoskote , Kshitij S. Jadhav , Bharat Aggarwal

{"title":"Comparative analysis of brain volumetric measurements between contrast-enhanced and non-contrast MRI images","authors":"Aniket Aman , Aaryaman Hoskote , Kshitij S. Jadhav , Bharat Aggarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Clinical brain MRI scans, including contrast-enhanced (CE-MR) images, represent an underutilized resource for neuroscience research due to technical heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the reliability of morphometric measurements from CE-MR scans compared to non-contrast MR (NC-MR) scans in normal individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>T1-weighted CE-MR and NC-MR scans from 59 normal participants (aged 21–73 years) were compared using CAT12 and SynthSeg+ segmentation tools. Volumetric measurements and age prediction efficacy were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SynthSeg+ demonstrated high reliability (ICCs > 0.90) for most brain structures between CE-MR and NC-MR scans, with discrepancies in CSF and ventricular volumes. CAT12 showed inconsistent performance. Age prediction models using SynthSeg + yielded comparable results for both scan types.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Deep learning-based approaches like SynthSeg+ can reliably process CE-MR scans for morphometric analysis, potentially broadening the application of clinically acquired CE-MR images in neuroimaging research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"848 ","pages":"Article 138118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute astrocytic and neuronal regulation of glutamatergic protein expression following blast 胚后急性星形细胞和神经元对谷氨酸能蛋白表达的调控。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Neuroscience Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138108

Carly Norris , Susan F. Murphy , Pamela J. VandeVord

{"title":"Acute astrocytic and neuronal regulation of glutamatergic protein expression following blast","authors":"Carly Norris , Susan F. Murphy , Pamela J. VandeVord","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regulation of glutamate through glutamate-glutamine cycling is critical for mediating nervous system plasticity. Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has been linked to glutamate-dependent excitotoxicity, which may be potentiating chronic disorders such as post-traumatic epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to measure changes in the expression of astrocytic and neuronal proteins responsible for glutamatergic regulation at 4-, 12-, and 24 h in the cortex and hippocampus following single blast exposure in a rat model for bTBI. Animals were exposed to a blast with magnitudes ranging from 16 to 20 psi using an Advanced Blast Simulator, and western blotting was performed to compare changes in protein expression between blast and sham groups. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was increased at 24 h, consistent with astrocyte reactivity, yet no other proteins showed significant changes in expression at acute time points following blast (GS, GLT-1, GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B). Therefore, these glutamate regulators likely do not play a major role in contributing to acute excitotoxicity or glial reactivity when analyzed by whole brain region. Investigation of substructural and subregional effects in future studies, particularly within the hippocampus (e.g., dentate gyrus, CA1, CA2, CA3), may reveal localized changes in expression and/or NMDAR subunit composition capable of potentiating bTBI molecular cascades. Nevertheless, alternative regulators are likely to demonstrate greater sensitivity as acute therapeutic targets contributing to bTBI pathophysiology following single blast exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"848 ","pages":"Article 138108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0