Neuroscience Letters最新文献

{"title":"CB1 receptor antagonism reverses social and cognitive deficits induced by repeated exposure to distressed conspecifics in rats","authors":"Fatemeh Rahimi Shourmasti ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Masoumeh Seyedhosseini Tamijani ,&nbsp;Raheleh Rafaiee ,&nbsp;Mehdi Khodamoradi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shabani ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Abolhassan Ghaderi ,&nbsp;Hamed Ghazvini","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Empathy is a behavioral phenomenon characterized by the capacity to share in another individual’s distressing experiences, including pain, discrimination, and social rejection. The cannabinoid system, recognized as one of the brain’s neuromodulatory systems, appears to play a significant role in social and prosocial behaviors, particularly in the context of empathy. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of the cannabinoid system in mediating empathic pain and behavior, an area that has not been thoroughly explored to date. To this end, an empathic pain model was employed, wherein pain was socially transmitted from a sibling demonstrator, who received five formalin injections, to a sibling observer. Naïve observer rats were administered either the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) antagonist rimonabant (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or the CB1R agonist WIN 55,212–2 (WIN; 3 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to behavioral assessments. The animals were subsequently evaluated using tail-flick and social interaction tasks. The behavioral findings revealed that both the demonstrator and observer groups exhibited significant increases in hyperalgesia and impairments in social memory. Notably, the administration of rimonabant, but not WIN, partially restored cognitive functions and induced analgesia in the observer rats. Furthermore, hippocampal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) decreased in both demonstrator and observer rats, whereas rimonabant administration resulted in an increase in BDNF levels in the hippocampus, in contrast to WIN. These results suggest that the CB1R may be intricately involved in prosocial behavior and emotional contagion, potentially through the modulation of BDNF levels in the hippocampus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"863 ","pages":"Article 138299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-amylose diet ameliorates LPS-induced cognitive impairment and depression-like phenotype","authors":"Kohei Takura ,&nbsp;Ran Wei ,&nbsp;Rina Takayanagi ,&nbsp;Yasumitsu Sakai ,&nbsp;Masahira Hattori ,&nbsp;Toshio Ohshima","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuroinflammation is accompanied by the activation of glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes. The cytokines released by these glial cells affect neurons, causing their dysfunction and eventually leading to cell death. Neuroinflammation has been suggested to cause cognitive function decline as well as psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorders (MDD). In recent years, from the perspective of the gut-brain axis, a prebiotic approach has been considered to improve neuroinflammation. The ingestion of resistant starch has been reported to increase the number of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, and SCFA may suppress neuroinflammation through the gut-brain relationship in both humans and rodents.</div><div>It is reported that diets rich in amylose, a type of resistant starch, lead to an increase in SCFA levels in the feces of mice. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that a high-amylose diet can ameliorate cognitive impairment and depression-like behaviors driven by neuroinflammation. In the present study, we employed lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce neuroinflammation in mice. A fear conditioning test showed that this prebiotic method suppressed the decline of associative learning caused by LPS. In addition, tail suspension and forced swim tests showed the ameliorating effect of this prebiotic method on LPS-induced depression-like behaviors. These results suggest that resistant starch has a prebiotic effect, improving cognitive function decline and depression-like symptoms caused by LPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"862 ","pages":"Article 138295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the N-terminal region of Crtac1B/LOTUS, an endogenous Nogo receptor-1 antagonist, required for secretion and soluble function","authors":"Yutaka Kawakami ,&nbsp;Haruna Tezuka ,&nbsp;Hirokazu Takaya ,&nbsp;Junpei Matsubayashi ,&nbsp;Kohtaro Takei","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS), also known as cartilage acidic protein-1B (Crtac1B), is a potent endogenous antagonist of Nogo receptor type-1 (NgR1). LOTUS exists in both membrane-bound (m-LOTUS) and soluble (s-LOTUS) forms. m-LOTUS inhibits NgR1 by binding to its C-terminal domain (UA-EC domain), thereby blocking ligand interactions, whereas s-LOTUS disrupts NgR1 signaling by interfering with its interaction with the p75 co-receptor. However, the molecular characteristics of s-LOTUS, including the functional domains required for secretion and NgR1 binding, remain unclear.</div><div>In this study, we identified the N-terminal 35Met-532Pro region as essential for s-LOTUS secretion. While N-type glycosylation patterns remained unchanged, differences in intracellular localization with the Golgi apparatus were observed between secretory and non-secretory forms. The non-secretory form exhibited higher aggregation and ubiquitination levels. Functionally, the soluble 35Met-532Pro fragment bound to both NgR1 and p75, disrupting the NgR1-p75 complex. In contrast, the UA-EC domain, corresponding to the functional domain of m-LOTUS, bound only to NgR1 and did not interfere with p75 interaction.</div><div>A growth cone collapse assay using cultured olfactory bulb neurons from <em>lotus</em>-deficient embryonic mice demonstrated that exogenous 35Met-532Pro, but not UA-EC, inhibited Nogo66-induced growth cone collapse. These findings indicate that the N-terminal 35Met-532Pro region of s-LOTUS functions as its active domain, antagonizing NgR1 signaling through dual binding to NgR1 and p75. In contrast, the UA-EC domain lacks this antagonistic property, highlighting the distinct functional domains and mechanisms of action between s-LOTUS and m-LOTUS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"862 ","pages":"Article 138284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing indoxyl sulfate induces iNOS expression via aryl hydrocarbon receptor leading to microglia hyperactivation in the prefrontal cortex of autism-like offspring rats","authors":"Yuan Miao ,&nbsp;Ruifang Luo ,&nbsp;Fang Lin ,&nbsp;Bei Tong ,&nbsp;Junyan Yan ,&nbsp;Ting Yang ,&nbsp;Zhujun Sun ,&nbsp;Tingyu Li ,&nbsp;Lu Xiao ,&nbsp;Jie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The abnormal indole metabolism is associated with the progression of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Indoxyl sulfate (IS), one of the active products of indole metabolism, still has an unknown role in ASD progression. This study investigates the role of IS/Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/iNOS pathway in microglial activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of ASD-like rats. Prenatal LPS-exposed induced autism-like behaviors offspring rats, concomitant with increased IS levels in the PFC. The levels of nuclear-AhR, IBA1, CD16 and iNOS proteins expression were increased in the PFC of LPS-exposed rats, whereas ARG1 protein expression level decreased, indicates microglia hyperactivation coupled with altered microglia morphology. ELISA analysis and further measure of synapses changes showed significantly increased inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) and synaptic alterations. <em>In vitro</em> experiments demonstrated that IS treatment significantly upregulated the expression level of nuclear-AhR, enhanced microglia marker (IBA1, CD16 and iNOS) proteins and pro-inflammation factors levels (TNF-α and IL-1β), while concurrently reducing ARG1 protein expression and IL-10 levels in BV2 microglial cells. Moreover, the IS treatment significantly enhanced AhR enrichment in <em>iNOS</em> promoter region by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase reporter assays, thereby significantly elevating the iNOS expression. However, the AhR-specific antagonist CH-223191 could block this activation and reverse the above proteins and inflammation factors changes. In a word, increased IS levels in the PFC of ASD-like offspring rats activate the AhR/iNOS pathway, driving microglial hyperresponsiveness and contributing to the development of ASD disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"862 ","pages":"Article 138298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Supratherapeutic concentrations of cilostazol inhibits β-amyloid oligomerization in vitro” [Neurosci. Lett. 677 (2018) 19–25/ NSL_33555]","authors":"Hidenobu Shozawa ,&nbsp;Tatsunori Oguchi ,&nbsp;Mayumi Tsuji ,&nbsp;Satoshi Yano ,&nbsp;Yuji Kiuchi ,&nbsp;Kenjiro Ono","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"862 ","pages":"Article 138285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells in a porcine model of sepsis: Assessment of the central nervous system","authors":"Sabrina Zbóril ,&nbsp;André P. Schmidt ,&nbsp;Débora R. Ramos Maia ,&nbsp;Talita R. Sanches ,&nbsp;Amaro N.D. Neto ,&nbsp;Lúcia Andrade ,&nbsp;Jean P. Oses ,&nbsp;Fernanda P. Moreira ,&nbsp;José Otávio C. Auler Jr ,&nbsp;Denise A. Otsuki","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sepsis remains a leading cause of intensive care unit admissions and a significant public health challenge worldwide. Despite efforts, the development of specific therapies for sepsis has been limited. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy, particularly with cells derived from the human umbilical cord (hUC-MSC), has shown promise in animal studies. This study evaluated the use of hUC-MSC in a porcine model of sepsis induced by fecal peritonitis, focusing on hemodynamic and metabolic effects, inflammatory response, and central nervous system impact. Twenty-two pigs were randomized into a control group receiving fluids, vasopressors, and antibiotics, and a treatment group receiving the same interventions plus hUC-MSC infusion. Hemodynamic parameters, acid-base status, cytokine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and neuron-specific enolase were assessed over 24 h. Histopathological analysis of the hippocampus was performed post-mortem. No significant differences were observed between groups regarding hemodynamic and metabolic parameters or serum cytokine levels. While interleukin-1β levels in CSF increased in all animals’ post-sepsis induction, interleukin-10 levels were significantly higher in hUC-MSC-treated animals. Histopathological analysis revealed reduced congestion, vasodilation, and neuronal karyolysis in the hippocampus of the treatment group. These findings suggest that while hUC-MSC therapy does not significantly impact hemodynamics, metabolism, systemic inflammation, or mortality in septic shock, it may offer neuroprotective effects. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these potential neuroprotective properties of hUC-MSC in sepsis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"862 ","pages":"Article 138294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-triggered delivery enables brainwide mapping of intragastric glucose sensory dynamics","authors":"Yan-miao Tian ,&nbsp;Dao-jie Xu ,&nbsp;Xu Feng ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Chun-feng Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interoception monitors the gastrointestinal tract for the brain. The intragastric chemical information is embodied in the biological molecules, like nutrients, immune factors, and microbe metabolites, which modulates animal states. Albeit the sensors for these intragastric molecules have been identified and their afferent pathways have been elucidated, their sensory dynamics remains less explored. To fulfill this requirement, a direct manipulation of the gastrointestinal chemical contents, without oral involvement or invasiveness, is needed. Here we have developed a light-triggered intragastric delivery assay and demonstrated its efficacy in modulating the nutrient content of larval zebrafish. Taking the advantage of the larval zebrafish in neural imaging, we succeeded in examining the brainwide responses to the intragastric glucose delivery. Furthermore, a similarly broad response pattern was observed on both the naive and the feeding experienced larval zebrafish, suggesting an innately brainwide network for intragastric glucose sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"862 ","pages":"Article 138286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Task-state hemodynamic responses correlate with consciousness levels and outcomes of patients with disorders of consciousness","authors":"Wentao Zeng ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Yao ,&nbsp;Qijun Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangqiang Meng ,&nbsp;Leyao Zou ,&nbsp;Yang Bai ,&nbsp;Zhen Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a valuable tool for detecting brain functional activities. Motor imagery (MI) tasks have been employed to evoke brain responses in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC), providing potential insights into their consciousness levels. However, the utility of brain functional characteristics for patient diagnosis and prognosis remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to use fNIRS to investigate the characteristics of brain functional activities evoked by MI task in populations with varying levels of consciousness, and to explore the potential of these characteristics in the diagnosis and prognosis of DOC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>fNIRS was used to measure hemodynamic responses during MI tasks in a cohort of 63 DOC patients (26 vegetative states [VS] and 37 minimally conscious states [MCS]) and 70 healthy controls (HC). The mean values of hemodynamic responses in each brain region were extracted for inter-group and intra-group comparisons. Additionally, the correlation between hemodynamic responses and prognosis of DOC patients was investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Inter-group comparisons revealed that HC had significantly higher hemodynamic responses than both the MCS and VS groups across all brain regions. The MCS group demonstrated significantly higher responses than the VS group in the left premotor cortex, left primary motor cortex, right primary motor cortex, and left parietal cortex. In intra-group comparisons, 33 and 7 pairs of brain regions were significantly different in the HC and MCS group, while no significant differences were observed in the VS group. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the hemodynamic responses and the prognosis scores of DOC patients 6 months after the fNIRS examination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Task-evoked functional activities in various brain regions among populations with varying levels of consciousness demonstrate significant intra-group and inter-group differences. The characteristics of brain functional activities provide valuable insights for the diagnosis and prognosis of DOC patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"862 ","pages":"Article 138293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-rater within- and between-session reliability of TMS-induced MEPs: peak-to-peak amplitude versus area under the curve","authors":"Mona Malekahmad ,&nbsp;Ashlyn Frazer ,&nbsp;Maryam Zoghi ,&nbsp;Shapour Jaberzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corticospinal excitability (CSE) is the responsiveness of the corticospinal and brain-to-muscle pathway, assessed using motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). It provides crucial insight into motor control, neuroplasticity, and neurological conditions. The use of TMS-induced MEPs in clinical and research contexts is contingent upon their intra- and intersession reliability. This study specifically aimed to assess the reliability of two distinct methods for quantifying MEP size: peak-to-peak amplitude (PPA) and the area under the curve (AUC). Establishing the agreement between these quantification methods is critical for ensuring consistent measurements by the same assessor, especially in pre- and post-test designs conducted within and between sessions. Twelve healthy participants volunteered for this study. Thirty MEPs were recorded from each participant using a single-pulse TMS set at 120% of the resting motor threshold (RMT) over two sessions. The first session consisted of two tests (T1 and T2) with a 20-minute rest interval between sets. The second session included one set of tests (T3). Test-retest reliability of MEP amplitude and AUC were assessed using one-way ANOVA and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). A one-way ANOVA revealed no significant effect of time on MEP amplitude or AUC value, indicating agreement between sessions. The ICC demonstrated significant intra- and inter-session reliability for PPA. However, correlations between T1-T3 were weak for AUC values. In conclusion, this study suggests that PPA a more reliable measurement than AUC for assessing changes in CSE. Future investigations should explore the reliability of the AUC method in clinical settings or research protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"862 ","pages":"Article 138283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Playback of ultrasonic vocalisations (38–48 kHz) communicates the state of stress and impaired context episodic memory in adolescent rats","authors":"Selvavinayagam Dhivakar,&nbsp;Koilmani Emmanuvel Rajan","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Maternal isolation induces ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs), and playback of these USVs can elicit response calls in receivers. In this study, we investigated whether playback of USVs (38–48 kHz) transmits a state of stress and impairs memory in receivers.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Rat pups were exposed to playback of USVs or modified USVs on postnatal day (PND) 12, and their response calls were recorded. On PND-34, control (Ctrl), maternally separated (MS), USV playback (PB), and modified USV playback (MPB) groups were tested for context-dependent episodic memory. Additionally, molecular markers involved in synaptic plasticity were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Playback receivers emitted specific response calls: female pups responded with step-up frequencies (39.0–49.7 kHz) to playback of USVs and with downward trills (32–39 kHz) to modified USVs. Rats in the MS and PB groups made more incorrect choices in odour-associated context transitions and long-term memory assessments than those in the Ctrl and MPB groups. Furthermore, corticosterone (CORT) levels were elevated, whereas phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits (NR2A,2B), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunits (GLUR1, GLUR2), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), and mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) were reduced in the MS and PB groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>USV playback can transmit stress to receivers, alter molecular signalling pathways (pERK1/2, NR2A, NR2B, pGluR1, pGluR2, pPSD95, and BDNF), and impair episodic memory. This model may help identify the neuropathology of early-life stress and the development of behavioural disorders later in life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"859 ","pages":"Article 138275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}