Neuropsychologia最新文献

{"title":"Automatic processing of unattended mean emotion: Evidence from visual mismatch responses","authors":"Luyan Ji ,&nbsp;Zilong Chen ,&nbsp;Xianqing Zeng ,&nbsp;Bo Sun ,&nbsp;Shimin Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mean emotion from multiple facial expressions can be extracted rapidly and precisely. However, it remains debated whether mean emotion processing is automatic which can occur under no attention. To address this question, we used a passive oddball paradigm and recorded event-related brain potentials when participants discriminated the changes in the central fixation while a set of four faces was presented in the periphery. The face set consisted of one happy and three angry expressions (mean negative) or one angry and three happy expressions (mean positive), and the mean negative and mean positive face sets were shown with a probability of 20% (deviant) and 80% (standard) respectively in the sequence, or the vice versa. The cluster-based permutation analyses showed that the visual mismatch negativity started early at around 92 ms and was also observed in later time windows when the mean emotion was negative, while a mismatch positivity was observed at around 168–266 ms when the mean emotion was positive. The results suggest that there might be different mechanisms underlying the processing of mean negative and mean positive emotions. More importantly, the brain can detect the changes in the mean emotion automatically, and ensemble coding for multiple facial expressions can occur in an automatic fashion without attention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 108963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared representations of human actions across vision and language","authors":"Diana C. Dima ,&nbsp;Sugitha Janarthanan ,&nbsp;Jody C. Culham ,&nbsp;Yalda Mohsenzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Humans can recognize and communicate about many actions performed by others. How are actions organized in the mind, and is this organization shared across vision and language? We collected similarity judgments of human actions depicted through naturalistic videos and sentences, and tested four models of action categorization, defining actions at different levels of abstraction ranging from specific (action verb) to broad (action target: whether an action is directed towards an object, another person, or the self). The similarity judgments reflected a shared organization of action representations across videos and sentences, determined mainly by the target of actions, even after accounting for other semantic features. Furthermore, language model embeddings predicted the behavioral similarity of action videos and sentences, and captured information about the target of actions alongside unique semantic information. Together, our results show that action concepts are similarly organized in the mind across vision and language, and that this organization reflects socially relevant goals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 108962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393224001775/pdfft?md5=7c23e8c9386d4b3c2470b8fb4f3a3164&pid=1-s2.0-S0028393224001775-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic resonance is not required for pink noise to have beneficial effects on ADHD-related performance? The moderate brain arousal model challenged","authors":"Joske Rijmen,&nbsp;Jan R. Wiersema","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Random noise, such as white or pink noise, has been shown to have beneficial effects on the performance of individuals with (elevated traits of) ADHD. Both the state regulation deficit (SRD) account and the moderate brain arousal (MBA) model argue that this effect is due to enhanced cognitive arousal. The MBA model specifically attributes this to random noise affecting dopaminergic (DA) transmission via stochastic resonance (SR). However, he requirement of SR and the role of DA have not yet been properly examined. To test this, proper control conditions are needed.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>To examine the requirement of SR, 60 neurotypical adults with varying levels of ADHD traits performed a slow two-choice reaction time (S1–S2) task in three auditory conditions: pink (random) noise, a pure 100 Hz tone (non-random noise), and silence. All participants also completed the Attention Network Test (ANT) in two conditions (pink noise and silence) to inspect the effect on executive network efficiency which may serve as a proxy measure of DA. ADHD traits were assessed via self-report.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Auditory stimulation improved performance on the S1–S2 task in participants with elevated ADHD traits, however this was the case for both pink noise and the pure tone. Pink noise did not affect executive network efficiency, irrespective of ADHD traits.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results suggest that stochastic resonance is not required for pink noise to have a beneficial effect on ADHD-related performance. Pink noise did not affect our DA proxy measure, however this negative finding should be interpreted with caution. Our results cast doubt on the tenets of the MBA model, warranting further research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 108961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficits in congenital amusia: Pitch, music, speech, and beyond","authors":"Caliani Hoarau ,&nbsp;Agathe Pralus ,&nbsp;Annie Moulin ,&nbsp;Nathalie Bedoin ,&nbsp;Jérémie Ginzburg ,&nbsp;Lesly Fornoni ,&nbsp;Pierre-Emmanuel Aguera ,&nbsp;Barbara Tillmann ,&nbsp;Anne Caclin","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Congenital amusia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits of music perception and production, which are related to altered pitch processing. The present study used a wide variety of tasks to test potential patterns of processing impairment in individuals with congenital amusia (N = 18) in comparison to matched controls (N = 19), notably classical pitch processing tests (i.e., pitch change detection, pitch direction of change identification, and pitch short-term memory tasks) together with tasks assessing other aspects of pitch-related auditory cognition, such as emotion recognition in speech, sound segregation in tone sequences, and speech-in-noise perception. Additional behavioral measures were also collected, including text reading/copying tests, visual control tasks, and a subjective assessment of hearing abilities. As expected, amusics' performance was impaired for the three pitch-specific tasks compared to controls. This deficit of pitch perception had a self-perceived impact on amusics’ quality of hearing. Moreover, participants with amusia were impaired in emotion recognition in vowels compared to controls, but no group difference was observed for emotion recognition in sentences, replicating previous data. Despite pitch processing deficits, participants with amusia did not differ from controls in sound segregation and speech-in-noise perception. Text reading and visual control tests did not reveal any impairments in participants with amusia compared to controls. However, the copying test revealed more numerous eye-movements and a smaller memory span. These results allow us to refine the pattern of pitch processing and memory deficits in congenital amusia, thus contributing further to understand pitch-related auditory cognition. Together with previous reports suggesting a comorbidity between congenital amusia and dyslexia, the findings call for further investigation of language-related abilities in this disorder even in the absence of neurodevelopmental language disorder diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 108960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of social knowledge structures on hostile attribution bias in aggressive and nonaggressive individuals: An ERP study","authors":"Jean Gagnon ,&nbsp;Wan Seo Kim ,&nbsp;Pierre Jolicoeur","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>According to several social-cognitive models, social knowledge structures described as hostile scripts or schemas may explain why aggressive individuals are prone to attribute hostile intention to others' ambiguous behaviors, a cognitive bias called hostile attribution bias (HAB). The aggression-related concepts in aggressive individuals' semantic memory would be highly accessible, notably through the activation of hostile concepts in nonhostile social contexts, and such an activation would result in HAB. The aim of the study was to test this hypothesis using the N400 component with EEG measurements to assess objectively, in real time, the violation of hostile expectations following a nonhostile situation. To this end, scenarios with a clear nonhostile context (mismatch condition) vs. without nonhostile context (match condition) followed by a character's ambiguous provocative behavior were presented to readers, and ERPs to critical words that specified the hostile intent behind the behavior were analysed. Twelve aggressive and twelve nonaggressive individuals participated in the study. The presentation of a critical word (hostile intent) that violated nonhostile expectation caused an N400 response among nonaggressive whereas such an N400 effect was absent in aggressive individuals. The results suggest that, in nonaggressive individuals, a nonhostile social context activates nonhostile concepts, whereas in the same context, aggressive individuals activate nonhostile as well as hostile concepts. Numerous research applications of the Hostile Expectancy Violation paradigm in the field of HAB are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 108958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech perception following transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over left superior temporal gyrus (STG) (including Wernicke's area) versus inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (including Broca's area)","authors":"Adi Lifshitz-Ben-Basat,&nbsp;Riki Taitelbaum-Swead,&nbsp;Leah Fostick","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Imaging and neurocognitive studies have searched for the brain areas involved in speech perception, specifically when speech is accompanied by noise, attempting to identify the underlying neural mechanism(s). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a noninvasive, painless cortical neuromodulation technique, has been used to either excite or inhibit brain activity in order to better understand the neural mechanism underlying speech perception in noise. In the present study, anodal (excitatory) and cathodal (inhibitory) stimulations were performed on 48 participants, either over the left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG), which includes Broca's area (<em>n</em> = 10 anodal, and <em>n</em> = 10 cathodal) or over the left Superior Temporal Gyrus (STG), which includes Wernicke's area (<em>n</em> = 13 anodal, <em>n</em> = 15 cathodal). Speech perception was measured using a sentence recognition task accompanied by white noise with a signal-to-noise ratio of −10 dB. Speech perception performance was measured four times: at baseline, after each of the two sessions of stimulation (one active and one sham session, the order of which was randomized between participants), and at a two-week follow-up session. Groups receiving anodal and cathodal stimulation over the left IFG did not show an effect of stimulation type. For groups receiving left STG stimulation, anodal stimulation resulted in higher scores, regardless of whether it was given before or after sham stimulation. However, cathodal stimulation showed an effect only when active stimulation was applied following sham stimulation. These results showed that tDCS had a direct effect on improving speech perception only over left STG. Furthermore, while anodal stimulation was effective in whatever order it was given, cathodal stimulation was effective only following sham stimulation, thereby allowing some amount of training. These findings carry both theoretical and clinical implications for the relationship between the DMN's left IFG and left STG areas during speech perception accompanied by background noise.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 108959"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N1 and LNC reveal the differential electrophysiological signatures of functional and hedonic images processing","authors":"Ziyu Ye ,&nbsp;Xiuling Liang ,&nbsp;Qiao Wang ,&nbsp;Qingfei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the process of creative sentence or phrase utilization, novel and appropriate evaluations cause the different brain responses observed in event-related potentials: the N400 reflects the novelty evaluation, whereas a late negative component marks appropriate processing. Do we have similar brain reactions in image perception when we rapidly browse pictures of objects with different novelty, functional/appropriate, and hedonic value? To explore this question, participants were presented with four novel object images with high or low functional and hedonic properties, as well as the ordinary product images, with the instruction to attentively observe and understand each image. We found a clear dissociation between processing of novelty and functional value: novelty objects produced negative deflections in the N2–N400 time window relative to the ordinary object images, whereas images with high functional value elicited a larger N2 and late negative waves (LNC) resembling the late component found for the appropriate phrases. Object images with high hedonic value, however, were associated with earlier aesthetic preference reflected in smaller N1 amplitudes, but failed to elicit a LNC effect. We therefore conclude that the processing of novelty, functional, and hedonic value are dissociation, and the perception of hedonic value is earlier (N1) than the novelty processing (N400) and the verification of functional value (LNC).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 108957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate pattern analysis of cooperation and competition in constructive action","authors":"G.G. Knyazev ,&nbsp;A.N. Savostyanov ,&nbsp;A.V. Bocharov ,&nbsp;P.D. Rudych ,&nbsp;A.E. Saprigyn","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The neural underpinning of cooperative and competitive constructive activity has been investigated using mass-univariate approaches. In this study, we sought to compare the results of these approaches with the results of multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA). In particular, we wanted to test whether MVPA supports the claim made in previous studies that cooperation is associated with the activity of reward-related brain circuits. Participants were required to construct a pattern on the screen either individually or in cooperation or competition with another person during an fMRI scan. Both the MVPA classification methods and the representational similarity analysis indicated the involvement of orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal areas in processes that distinguish between cooperation and competition, and activation analysis showed that these areas are more active during cooperation than during competition. However, a single trial analysis showed that the effect was reversed when only winning trials were considered. In these trials, activation of reward-related areas was higher during competition than during cooperation. Moreover, the contrast between won and lost trials in terms of reward circuits involvement was sharper under competition than under cooperation. Thus, although cooperation can be generally more rewarding than competition, it is associated with smaller difference between trials lost and trials won in terms of reward circuits activation. One may speculate that in cooperation, victory and defeat are shared with the partner and, contrary to competition, are not experienced as personal achievement or failure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 108956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From long-term to short-term: Distinct neural networks underlying semantic knowledge and its recruitment in working memory","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although numerous studies suggest that working memory (WM) and semantic long-term knowledge interact, the nature and underlying neural mechanisms of this intervention remain poorly understood. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study investigated the extent to which neural markers of semantic knowledge in long-term memory (LTM) are activated during the WM maintenance stage in 32 young adults. First, the multivariate neural patterns associated with four semantic categories were determined via an implicit semantic activation task. Next, the participants maintained words – the names of the four semantic categories implicitly activated in the first task – in a verbal WM task. Multi-voxel pattern analyses showed reliable neural decoding of the four semantic categories in the implicit semantic activation and the verbal WM tasks. Critically, however, no between-task classification of semantic categories was observed. Searchlight analyses showed that for the WM task, semantic category information could be decoded in anterior temporal areas associated with abstract semantic category knowledge. In the implicit semantic activation task, semantic category information was decoded in superior temporal, occipital and frontal cortices associated with domain-specific semantic feature representations. These results indicate that item-level semantic activation during verbal WM involves shallow rather than deep semantic information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 108949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting which language declines more in Spanish-English bilinguals with Alzheimer's disease: Longitudinal decline patterns on the multilingual naming test","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Theories of bilingual language production predict that bilinguals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) should exhibit one of two decline patterns. Either parallel decline of both languages (if decline reflects damage to semantic representations that are accessed by both languages), or asymmetrical decline, with greater decline of the nondominant language (if decline reflects reduced ability to resolve competition from the dominant language with disease progression). Only two previous studies examined decline longitudinally with one showing parallel, and the other asymmetrical, decline. We examined decline over 2–7 years (3.9 on average) in Spanish-English bilinguals (<em>N</em> = 23). Logistic regression revealed a parallel decline pattern at one year from baseline, but an asymmetrical decline pattern over the longer decline period, with greater decline of the nondominant language (when calculating predicted probabilities of a correct response). The asymmetrical decline pattern was significantly greater for the nondominant language only when including item-difficulty in the model. Exploratory analyses across dominance groups looking at proportional decline relative to initial naming accuracy further suggested that decline of the nondominant language may be more precipitous if that language was acquired later in life, but the critical interaction needed to support this possibility was not statistically significant in a logistic regression analysis. These results suggest that accessibility of the nondominant language may initially be more resilient in early versus more advanced AD, and that AD affects shared semantic representations before executive control declines to a point where the ability to name pictures in single-language testing block is disrupted. Additional work is needed to determine if asymmetrical decline patterns are magnified by late age of acquisition of the nondominant language, and if more subtle impairments to executive control underlie impairments to language switching that occur in the earliest stages of AD (even preclinically).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 108948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393224001635/pdfft?md5=8c567ff2c8b57fe72f541a7733692105&pid=1-s2.0-S0028393224001635-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}