NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108947
Marissa M. Lee , Catherine J. Stoodley
{"title":"Neural bases of reading fluency: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Marissa M. Lee , Catherine J. Stoodley","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reading fluency, the ability to read quickly and accurately, is a critical marker of successful reading and is notoriously difficult to improve in reading disabled populations. Despite its importance to functional literacy, fluency is a relatively under-studied aspect of reading, and the neural correlates of reading fluency are not well understood. Here, we review the literature of the neural correlates of reading fluency as well as rapid automatized naming (RAN), a task that is robustly related to reading fluency. In a qualitative review of the neuroimaging literature, we evaluated structural and functional MRI studies of reading fluency in readers from a range of skill levels. This was followed by a quantitative activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis of fMRI studies of reading speed and RAN measures. We anticipated that reading speed, relative to untimed reading and reading-related tasks, would harness ventral reading pathways that are thought to enable the fast, visual recognition of words. The qualitative review showed that speeded reading taps the entire canonical reading network. The meta-analysis indicated a stronger role of the ventral reading pathway in rapid reading and rapid naming. Both reviews identified regions outside the canonical reading network that contribute to reading fluency, such as the bilateral insula and superior parietal lobule. We suggest that fluent reading engages both domain-specific reading pathways as well as domain-general regions that support overall task performance and discuss future avenues of research to expand our understanding of the neural bases of fluent reading.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 108947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108946
M. Morningstar , C. Hughes , R.C. French , C. Grannis , W.I. Mattson , E.E. Nelson
{"title":"Functional connectivity during facial and vocal emotion recognition: Preliminary evidence for dissociations in developmental change by nonverbal modality","authors":"M. Morningstar , C. Hughes , R.C. French , C. Grannis , W.I. Mattson , E.E. Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The developmental trajectory of emotion recognition (ER) skills is thought to vary by nonverbal modality, with vocal ER becoming mature later than facial ER. To investigate potential neural mechanisms contributing to this dissociation at a behavioural level, the current study examined whether youth's neural functional connectivity during vocal and facial ER tasks showed differential developmental change across time. Youth ages 8–19 (<em>n</em> = 41) completed facial and vocal ER tasks while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, at two timepoints (1 year apart; <em>n</em> = 36 for behavioural data, <em>n</em> = 28 for neural data). Partial least squares analyses revealed that functional connectivity during ER is both distinguishable by modality (with different patterns of connectivity for facial vs. vocal ER) and across time—with changes in connectivity being particularly pronounced for vocal ER. ER accuracy was greater for faces than voices, and positively associated with age; although task performance did not change appreciably across a 1-year period, changes in latent functional connectivity patterns across time predicted participants' ER accuracy at Time 2. Taken together, these results suggest that vocal and facial ER are supported by distinguishable neural correlates that may undergo different developmental trajectories. Our findings are also preliminary evidence that changes in network integration may support the development of ER skills in childhood and adolescence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 108946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393224001611/pdfft?md5=29f9534acae8a01ea67d262188082a19&pid=1-s2.0-S0028393224001611-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108945
Róisín Elaine Harrison , Martin Giesel , Constanze Hesse
{"title":"No evidence for top-down expertise effects on action perception in sprinters using static images","authors":"Róisín Elaine Harrison , Martin Giesel , Constanze Hesse","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Athletes have been found to demonstrate a superior ability to detect subtle variations in dynamic displays (e.g., point-light displays and videos) depicting expert actions compared to non-athletes. The current study aimed to determine whether this advantage also exists when dynamic information is unavailable (i.e., using static images). Using a staircase procedure, two frames from a video depicting an athlete either walking (everyday action) or performing a sprint start (expert action) were presented, and athletes (sprinters) and non-athletes were asked to indicate whether the images were identical or different. We examined whether presenting the images sequentially (temporal task) or simultaneously (spatial task) influenced participants' discrimination performance. We predicted that the sprinters would outperform the non-sprinters in the spatial task as body postures could be compared directly but not in the temporal task due to larger representational momentum effects for athletes. Contrary to our hypotheses, the sprinters and non-sprinters performed similarly in all tasks and conditions. In line with the prediction that representational momentum may impair performance, participants’ thresholds were lower for the spatial than the temporal task. However, post-hoc analysis suggested that this effect is likely to be better explained by a task order effect whereby participants who completed the temporal task first exhibited an advantage in the spatial task, while there were no performance differences for participants who completed the opposite task order. In sum, our results provide no evidence for the idea that motor expertise affects action perception (i.e., perceptual resonance) in a simple psychophysical task employing static images.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 108945"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002839322400160X/pdfft?md5=0c987b9d93fb2f7bf6dbe31fcf1dd090&pid=1-s2.0-S002839322400160X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of attentional instructions on the behavioral and neural mechanisms of speech auditory feedback control","authors":"Yilun Zhang , Kimaya Sarmukadam , Yuan Wang , Roozbeh Behroozmand","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigated how instructions for paying attention to auditory feedback may affect speech error detection and sensorimotor control. Electroencephalography (EEG) and speech signals were recorded from 21 neurologically intact adult subjects while they produced the speech vowel sound /a/ and received randomized ±100 cents pitch-shift alterations in their real-time auditory feedback. Subjects were instructed to pay attention to their auditory feedback and press a button to indicate whether they detected a pitch-shift stimulus during trials. Data for this group was compared with 22 matched subjects who completed the same speech task under altered auditory feedback condition without attentional instructions. Results revealed a significantly smaller magnitude of speech compensations in the attentional-instruction <em>vs.</em> no-instruction group and a positive linear association between the magnitude of compensations and P2 event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes. In addition, we found that the amplitude of P2 ERP component was significantly larger in the attentional-instruction <em>vs.</em> no-instruction group. Source localization analysis showed that this effect was accounted for by significantly stronger neural activities in the right hemisphere insula, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus in the attentional-instruction group. These findings suggest that attentional instructions may enhance speech auditory feedback error detection, and subsequently improve sensorimotor control via generating more stable speech outputs (i.e., smaller compensations) in response to pitch-shift alterations. Our data are informative for advancing theoretical models and motivating targeted interventions with a focus on the role of attentional instructions for improving treatment outcomes in patients with motor speech disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 108944"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393224001593/pdfft?md5=8c90fe0883a323db38a9728f9a9ab1c8&pid=1-s2.0-S0028393224001593-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The human brain deals with violating general color or depth knowledge in different time courses","authors":"Xiaoyu Tang , Shilong Yu , Shigeko Takahashi , Jiajia Yang , Yoshimichi Ejima , Yulin Gao , Qiong Wu , Jinglong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Utilizing the high temporal resolution of event-related potentials (ERPs), we compared the time course of processing incongruent color versus 3D-depth information. Participants were asked to judge whether the food color (color condition) or 3D structure (3D-depth condition) was congruent or incongruent with their previous knowledge and experience. The behavioral results showed that the reaction times in the congruent 3D-depth condition were slower than those in the congruent color condition. The reaction times in the incongruent 3D-depth condition were slower than those in the incongruent color condition. The ERP results showed that incongruent color stimuli induced a larger N270, larger P300, and smaller N400 components in the fronto-central region than the congruent color stimuli. Incongruent 3D-depth stimuli induced a smaller N1 in the occipital region, larger P300 and smaller N400 in the parietal-occipital region than congruent 3D-depth stimuli. The time–frequency analysis found that incongruent color stimuli induced a larger theta band (360–580 ms) activation in the fronto-central region than congruent color stimuli. Incongruent 3D-depth stimuli induced larger alpha and beta bands (240–350 ms) activation in the parietal region than congruent 3D-depth stimuli. Our results suggest that the human brain deals with violating general color or depth knowledge in different time courses. We speculate that the depth perception conflict was dominated by solving the problem with visual processing, whereas the color perception conflict was dominated by solving the problem with semantic violation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 108941"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108943
Audrey Li-Chay-Chung , Faryn Starrs , Jennifer D. Ryan , Morgan Barense , Rosanna K. Olsen , Donna Rose Addis
{"title":"Integrity of autobiographical memory and episodic future thinking in older adults varies with cognitive functioning","authors":"Audrey Li-Chay-Chung , Faryn Starrs , Jennifer D. Ryan , Morgan Barense , Rosanna K. Olsen , Donna Rose Addis","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research has documented changes in autobiographical memory and episodic future thinking in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, cognitive decline occurs gradually and recent findings suggest that subtle alterations in autobiographical cognition may be evident earlier in the trajectory towards dementia, before AD-related symptoms emerge or a clinical diagnosis has been given. The current study used the Autobiographical Interview to examine the episodic and semantic content of autobiographical past and future events generated by older adults (<em>N</em> = 38) of varying cognitive functioning who were grouped into High (<em>N</em> = 20) and Low Cognition (<em>N</em> = 18) groups based on their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Participants described 12 past and 12 future autobiographical events, and transcripts were scored to quantify the numbers of internal (episodic) or external (non-episodic, including semantic) details. Although the Low Cognition group exhibited a differential reduction for internal details comprising both past and future events, they did not show the expected overproduction of external details relative to the High Cognition group. Multilevel modelling demonstrated that on trials lower in episodic content, semantic content was significantly increased in both groups. Although suggestive of a compensatory mechanism, the magnitude of this inverse relationship did not differ across groups or interact with MoCA scores. This finding indicates that external detail production may be underpinned by mechanisms not affected by cognitive decline, such as narrative style and the ability to contextualize one's past and future events in relation to broader autobiographical knowledge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 108943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post-stroke urinary incontinence is associated with behavior control deficits and overactive bladder","authors":"Michitaka Funayama , Akihiro Koreki , Taketo Takata , Yoshitaka Nakagawa , Masaru Mimura","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Although urinary incontinence in stroke survivors can substantially impact the patient's quality of life, the underlying neuropsychological mechanisms and its neural basis have not been adequately investigated. Therefore, we investigated this topic via neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging in a cross-sectional study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We recruited 71 individuals with cerebrovascular disease. The relationship between urinary incontinence and neuropsychological indices was investigated using simple linear regression analysis or Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test, along with other explanatory variables, e.g., severity of overactive bladder. Variables with a <em>p</em>-value of <0.1 in the simple regression analysis were entered in the final multiple linear regression model to control for potential confounding factors. To carry out an in-depth examination of the neuroanatomical substrate for urinary incontinence, voxel-based lesion-behavior mapping was performed using MRIcron software.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Behavioral control deficits and severity of overactive bladder were closely related to severity of urinary incontinence. The voxel-based lesion-behavior mapping suggests a potential role for ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesioning in the severity of urinary incontinence, although this association is not statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Post-stroke urinary incontinence is closely related to two factors: neurogenic overactive bladder, a physiological disinhibition of micturition reflex, and cognitive dysfunction, characterized by behavior control deficits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 108942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108939
Leonardo Fernandino , Lisa L. Conant
{"title":"The primacy of experience in language processing: Semantic priming is driven primarily by experiential similarity","authors":"Leonardo Fernandino , Lisa L. Conant","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The organization of semantic memory, including memory for word meanings, has long been a central question in cognitive science. Although there is general agreement that word meaning representations must make contact with sensory-motor and affective experiences in a non-arbitrary fashion, the nature of this relationship remains controversial. One prominent view proposes that word meanings are represented directly in terms of their experiential content (i.e., sensory-motor and affective representations). Opponents of this view argue that the representation of word meanings reflects primarily taxonomic structure, that is, their relationships to natural categories. In addition, the recent success of language models based on word co-occurrence (i.e., distributional) information in emulating human linguistic behavior has led to proposals that this kind of information may play an important role in the representation of lexical concepts. We used a semantic priming paradigm designed for representational similarity analysis (RSA) to quantitatively assess how well each of these theories explains the representational similarity pattern for a large set of words. Crucially, we used partial correlation RSA to account for intercorrelations between model predictions, which allowed us to assess, for the first time, the unique effect of each model. Semantic priming was driven primarily by experiential similarity between prime and target, with no evidence of an independent effect of distributional or taxonomic similarity. Furthermore, only the experiential models accounted for unique variance in priming after partialling out explicit similarity ratings. These results support experiential accounts of semantic representation and indicate that, despite their good performance at some linguistic tasks, the distributional models evaluated here do not encode the same kind of information used by the human semantic system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 108939"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2024-06-15DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108938
Haley C. Dresang , Tessa Warren , William D. Hula , Michael Walsh Dickey
{"title":"Rational adaptation in word production: Strong conceptual ability reduces the effect of lexical impairments on verb retrieval in aphasia","authors":"Haley C. Dresang , Tessa Warren , William D. Hula , Michael Walsh Dickey","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Language users rely on both linguistic and conceptual processing abilities to efficiently comprehend or produce language. According to the principle of rational adaptation, the degree to which a cognitive system relies on one process vs. another can change under different conditions or disease states with the goal of optimizing behavior. In this study, we investigated rational adaptation in reliance on linguistic versus conceptual processing in aphasia, an acquired disorder of language. In individuals living with aphasia, verb-retrieval impairments are a pervasive deficit that negatively impacts communicative function. As such, we examined evidence of adaptation in verb production, using parallel measures to index impairment in two of verb naming's critical subcomponents: conceptual and linguistic processing. These component processes were evaluated using a standardized assessment battery designed to contrast non-linguistic (picture input) and linguistic (word input) tasks of conceptual action knowledge. The results indicate that non-linguistic conceptual action processing can be impaired in people with aphasia and contributes to verb-retrieval impairments. Furthermore, relatively unimpaired conceptual action processing can ameliorate the influence of linguistic processing deficits on verb-retrieval impairments. These findings are consistent with rational adaptation accounts, indicating that conceptual processing plays a key role in language function and can be leveraged in rehabilitation to improve verb retrieval in adults with chronic aphasia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 108938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141331509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108940
Effrosyni Ntemou , Roel Jonkers , Klara Reisch , Franziska Böttcher , Frank Burchert , Thomas Picht , Adrià Rofes
{"title":"The cortical representation of transitivity: Insights from tractography-based inhibitory nTMS","authors":"Effrosyni Ntemou , Roel Jonkers , Klara Reisch , Franziska Böttcher , Frank Burchert , Thomas Picht , Adrià Rofes","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (nTMS) is commonly used to causally identify cortical regions involved in language processing. Combining tractography with nTMS has been shown to increase induced error rates by targeting stimulation of cortical terminations of white matter fibers. According to functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data, bilateral cortical areas connected by the arcuate fasciculus (AF) have been implicated in the processing of transitive compared to unergative verbs. To test this connection between transitivity and bilateral perisylvian regions, we administered a tractography-based inhibitory nTMS protocol during action naming of finite transitive (<em>The man reads</em>) and unergative (<em>The man sails</em>) verbs. After tracking the left and right AF, we stimulated the cortical terminations of the tract in frontal, parietal and temporal regions in 20 neurologically healthy native speakers of German. Results revealed that nTMS induced more errors during transitive compared to unergative verb naming when stimulating the left (vs right) AF terminations. This effect was specific to the left temporal terminations of the AF, whereas no differences between the two verb types were identified when stimulating inferior parietal and frontal AF terminations. Induced errors for transitive verbs over left temporal terminations mostly manifested as access errors (i.e., hesitations). Given the inhibitory nature of our nTMS protocol, these results suggest that temporal regions of the left hemisphere play a crucial role in argument structure processing. Our findings align with previous data on the role of left posterior temporal regions in language processing and by providing further evidence from a language production experiment using tractography-based inhibitory nTMS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 108940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393224001556/pdfft?md5=27253fb4564993bb235b5b0b5e06be01&pid=1-s2.0-S0028393224001556-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}