npj Materials Degradation最新文献

{"title":"Reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental context of Holocene human behavior at the Fenghuangzui site in the Nanyang Basin, Middle Yangtze River, China","authors":"Aipeng Guo, Longjiang Mao, ChenChen Li, Duowen Mo","doi":"10.1038/s40494-025-01631-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s40494-025-01631-z","url":null,"abstract":"Geomorphological research at archaeological sites reveals that environmental factors, such as geomorphology and hydrology, play a crucial role in understanding changes in site layout and cultural processes. However, due to the lack of reliable chronologies, there is limited understanding of environmental factors in relation to archaeological site. This study focuses on the sedimentary records from the southern moat of the Fenghuangzui (FHZ) site, a representative site in the middle Yangtze River region, integrating a chronological framework and climate proxies such as elemental geochemistry. It reconstructs the evolution of the regional sedimentary environment and the hydrogeomorphology during the mid-late Holocene at the FHZ site, elucidating its interplay with human activities. Key findings include: (1) From 5.6–4.5 ka BP, elevated chemical index of alteration (CIA), Rb/Sr, and Mn/Ti values indicate a warm and humid climate. The Qujialing culture unified the middle Yangtze River and established regional central settlements such as Shijiahe site, and then expanded to the north. The FHZ site was built in the Nanyang Basin at this time to prevent the invasion of northern culture. (2) During 4.5–4 ka BP, decreased CIA and Rb/Sr values alongside rising secondary aluminum factor (Saf) and dealkalization coefficient (Bc) values signify reduced weathering and a transition to cooler, drier conditions. A flood event of 4–3.9 ka BP caused the moat of the FHZ site to lose its defensive function. (3) During 4–2.7 ka BP, declining CIA and Rb/Sr values with slight increases in Saf and Bc suggest ongoing dry and cool environmental conditions. The FHZ site was abandoned at the end of the Meishan culture. (4) Between 2.7–1.6 ka BP, rising CIA and Rb/Sr values indicate a return to warmer and more humid conditions. The FHZ site was built to expand the influence of Qujialing culture and protect the Shijiahe settlement. Taking into account the location of the water system and farming area, the south-facing direction was chosen. In general, our findings suggest that changes in regional hydrology in the context of climate change can trigger upheaval and even collapse of prehistoric societies.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s40494-025-01631-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of microstructure on hydrogen permeation and trapping in natural gas pipeline steels.","authors":"Aminul Islam, Qidong Li, Emma Storimans, Kay Ton, Tahrim Alam, Zoheir N Farhat","doi":"10.1038/s41529-025-00615-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-025-00615-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines hydrogen permeation and trapping in three types of natural gas pipeline steels from different decades in Canada-modern, vintage, and legacy steels. Electrochemical permeation experiments were conducted to measure the diffusion coefficient, subsurface concentration, and trap density of hydrogen. The results were analyzed to evaluate the susceptibility of these steels to hydrogen embrittlement and to understand the effects of hydrogen on their mechanical properties. Vintage steel exhibited 50% higher steady-state permeation current and 97% greater effective diffusivity compared to modern steel, while legacy steel showed intermediate values. Hydrogen diffusion increased with grain size and pearlite content but decreased with dislocation density. Modern steel demonstrated the highest resistance to hydrogen permeation due to its finer grain structure and higher dislocation density. This study provides essential insights into the diffusion behavior and trapping mechanisms of hydrogen in natural gas pipeline steels, enhancing the understanding of material performance under hydrogen exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":"9 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mesoscale phase-field model of intergranular liquid lithium corrosion of ferritic/martensitic steels.","authors":"Alexandre Lhoest, Sasa Kovacevic, Duc Nguyen-Manh, Joven Lim, Emilio Martínez-Pañeda, Mark R Wenman","doi":"10.1038/s41529-025-00616-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-025-00616-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A phase-field model is developed to simulate intergranular corrosion of ferritic/martensitic steels exposed to liquid lithium. The chromium concentration of the material is used to track the mass transport within the metal and liquid (corrosive) phase. The framework naturally captures intergranular corrosion by enhancing the diffusion of chromium along grain boundaries relative to the grain bulk with no special treatment for the corrosion front evolution. The formulation applies to arbitrary 2D and 3D polycrystalline geometries. The framework reproduces experimental measurements of weight loss and corrosion depth for a 9 wt% Cr ferritic/martensitic steel exposed to static lithium at 600 °C. A sensitivity analysis, varying near-surface grain density, grain size, and chromium depletion thickness, highlights the microstructural influence in the corrosion process. Moreover, the significance of saturation is considered and evaluated. Simulation results show that near-surface grain density is a deciding factor, whereas grain size dictates the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":"9 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into long term glass corrosion mechanisms from the Ballidon experiment.","authors":"C L Thorpe, A J Fisher, G Manifold, S Creasey-Gray, C M Jackson, B Stone, C L Corkhill, C Boothman, J R Lloyd, R J Hand","doi":"10.1038/s41529-025-00571-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-025-00571-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the Ballidon experiment, one of the longest running glass durability studies, modern and simulant archaeological glasses were buried in mildly alkaline, under-saturated, conditions for 52 years. Glass surfaces were analysed to determine the extent and mechanisms of alteration. Alteration layer chemistry was complex and included Ca from the surrounding limestone sediment and P from porewater resulting in Ca, Pb and Fe-phosphate rich phases interspersed with Si and Al rich regions. There was evidence for ongoing evolution of the alteration layer structure due to continued fluid ingress. Lamellae in the silica-rich regions approximately numbering the years of burial and indicating a possible link between their formation and seasonal climate cycling. Comparison of field samples with laboratory dissolution tests highlighted the impact of surface finish on initial alteration rate and the limitations of using alteration layer thickness to estimate the amount of glass that has dissolved.</p>","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":"9 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating biocide efficacy in mixed-species biofilms: insights from a dual anaerobic biofilm reactor.","authors":"Liam Jones, Niall Hanrahan, Maria Salta, Torben Lund Skovhus, Kathryn Thomas, Timothy Illson, Julian Wharton, Jeremy Webb","doi":"10.1038/s41529-025-00628-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-025-00628-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding biocide performance in mixed-species biofilms is critical to mitigating microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). In this study, a novel dual anaerobic biofilm reactor was used to evaluate glutaraldehyde efficacy under environmentally relevant conditions, using a complex microbial consortium from marine sediment. Despite biocide dosing, biofilms persisted and induced localized corrosion, indicating incomplete mitigation. Each biocide application led to an electronegative shift in <i>E</i> _corr and a reduction in <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msub> <mi>S</mi></mrow> </math> concentration, suggesting partial suppression of microbial activity. Raman spectroscopy and profilometry revealed differences in corrosion product composition and pit morphology between biotic and abiotic systems. 16S rRNA sequencing showed enrichment of stress-tolerant genera, including <i>Exiguobacterium</i> and <i>Serpentinicella</i>, consistent with increased chemical tolerance. These findings highlight the limitations of conventional biocide strategies and demonstrate the need for adaptive, community-informed treatment approaches. The dual-reactor model provides a robust platform for future MIC standardization efforts and mechanistic investigation of biofilm resilience under anoxic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":"9 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12313519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anodic dissolution mechanisms of iron in bentonite slurries.","authors":"Pranav Vivek Kulkarni, Anna Igual-Munoz, Jean-Michel Sallese, Stefano Mischler","doi":"10.1038/s41529-025-00681-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-025-00681-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The corrosion of iron or steel in contact with bentonite is a key factor affecting the long-term safety of radioactive waste disposal system. Previous studies focused on corrosion after long-term burial in compact bentonites, however, little work was dedicated to the corrosion of iron exposed to bentonite slurries, that can appear in case of fracture of the bentonite jacket separating steel from underground water. In this study, accelerated corrosion experiments were performed on pure iron in basic bentonite slurries (pH 9-10) using various electrochemical corrosion techniques. The anodic dissolution of iron was larger in more concentrated bentonite slurries and resulted in the formation of an acidic gel. This gel results from a cationic exchange between Fe²⁺ ions released by corrosion and protons from surface or edge locations in bentonite. Its growth appears to be governed by reactions at the gel-bentonite interface rather than diffusion processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":"9 1","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12615252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mechanistic study of iron passivation and transpassive behavior in sulfate solutions using thermo-kinetic diagrams.","authors":"Mohammad Amin Razmjoo Khollari, Kashif Mairaj Deen, Edouard Asselin","doi":"10.1038/s41529-025-00667-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-025-00667-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the dissolution and passivation of iron in aqueous environments is essential for enhancing its corrosion resistance and expanding its applications. We present Thermo-Kinetic (TK) diagrams for iron in deaerated solutions with no added sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) and with 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ over the pH range 1-14, constructed by integrating current density contours from potentiodynamic polarization with thermodynamic E-pH diagrams. TK diagrams indicate that in solutions with no added Na₂SO₄, iron passivates above pH 7, with a minimum passive current density (i_p) of 5 ×10^-6 mA·cm^-2 at pH 8. The addition of 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ delayed passivation until pH 12 and increased i_p nearly tenfold. Galvanostatic (GS) polarization and EIS validated the TK diagram results. XPS after GS polarization revealed an FeOOH/Fe₂O₃ film at pH 10, while Fe₃O₄/Fe₂O₃ dominated at pH 12 and 14. These results clarify how sulfate compromises iron passivity and highlight TK diagrams as a powerful tool for mapping corrosion behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":"9 1","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12494497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilayer PEO coatings with encapsulated cerium for active corrosion protection of aluminium.","authors":"Safiya Al Abri, Tess Knowles, Yitao Pan, Aleksey Yerokhin, Beatriz Mingo","doi":"10.1038/s41529-025-00560-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-025-00560-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work aims to develop multilayer coating systems to enhance the long-term corrosion performance of aluminium-based components. The systems consists of a high-performance ceramic matrix that provides physical barrier protection, and a topcoat layer containing encapsulated Ce-based inhibitors, offering active corrosion protection through controlled released mechanisms. Two types of nanoparticles were used for the encapsulation, zeolite and halloysite nanotubes, each with different release triggers and kinetics. Multifunctional coatings demonstrated a superior corrosion performance compared to the passive unmodified coatings. Inhibitor release from the nanoparticles was triggered by ionic exchange processes and changes in pH associated with corrosion activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":"9 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11888989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial degradation of citrate mediates sealing of cement cracks under anaerobic conditions relevant to radioactive waste disposal.","authors":"Natalie Byrd, Ananya Singh, Naji M Bassil, Joe S Small, Frank Taylor, Christopher Boothman, Dirk L Engelberg, Sultan Mahmood, Tristan Lowe, Jonathan R Lloyd, Katherine Morris","doi":"10.1038/s41529-025-00686-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-025-00686-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In radioactive waste repositories, cement is used for construction, backfill, and waste encapsulation. Over time, cracks may form, creating potential pathways for contaminant migration. A self-sealing mechanism is through calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) precipitation, which can be driven by microbial oxidation of organic compounds. We explored microbially induced calcite precipitation facilitated by metabolism of citrate, a complexant in low- and intermediate- level radioactive waste (L/ILW). Nitrate-reducing microcosms containing cement pellets, citrate, nitrate, alkaline sediment inoculum, and synthetic groundwater (pH 11.2) were incubated in the dark (20 °C, 40 days). Aqueous geochemical data revealed complete citrate removal, denitrification, pH decrease to pH 9, and removal of Ca²⁺ _(aq). Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed enrichment of citrate-oxidising/nitrate-reducing bacteria. Solid phase analysis (XRD, SEM-EDS, µXCT) confirmed new calcite precipitates reduced cement porosity and sealed cracks at the surface. Overall, microbial oxidation of organic ligands under alkaline conditions may reduce contaminant mobility in L/ILW repositories through calcite precipitation and crack sealing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":"9 1","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12634444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of natural aging on hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of PDMS in various storage environments.","authors":"Shuyu Zhang, Anne E Staples","doi":"10.1038/s41529-025-00659-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-025-00659-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a synthetic elastomer widely used in biomedical and industrial applications. Despite its widespread use, the natural evolution of its mechanical and surface properties over time remains poorly understood. In this study, we fabricated PDMS samples with base-to-curing agent mixing ratios from 5:1 to 30:1 and aged them for up to 8 weeks under six non-harsh conditions at room temperature. Contact angle measurements revealed increasing hydrophobicity with aging, with maximum increases up to 16.5°. Mechanical testing showed up to 130% increases in Young's modulus and 60% changes in flexibility after 5 weeks. Storage in mineral oil best preserved surface hydrophilicity, while storage in water best maintained mechanical integrity. These results provide a framework for optimizing PDMS storage conditions in microfluidic and biomedical device applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":"9 1","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12370534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}