npj Materials Degradation最新文献

{"title":"Corrosion of aluminium alloy AA2024-Τ3 specimens subjected to different artificial ageing heat treatments","authors":"Christina Margarita Charalampidou, Nicoleta Siskou, Dimitris Georgoulis, Stavros K. Kourkoulis, Mikhail Zheludkevich, Nikolaos D. Alexopoulos","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00503-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00503-4","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of artificial-ageing on corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy (AA)2024-T3 was investigated. The natural ageing which takes place during the aircraft''s lifespan was simulated with isothermal heat-treatments at 190 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed in different heat-treated specimens to examine the prevailing corrosion mechanisms. Additionally, pre-corroded tensile specimens from different heat-treatment conditions were mechanically tested to assess the corrosion-induced degradation. Different forms of corrosion were revealed in the investigated ageing tempers; intense localized attack was noticed in the initial (T3) and under-aged (UA) tempers. UA condition exhibited the highest susceptibility to corrosion propagation followed by T3, according to the charge transfer resistance RCT and degradation rate of tensile elongation at fracture Af ( ≈ 0.118) and ( ≈ 0.103), respectively. Corrosion-induced degradation rates for the peak-aged (PA) and over-aged (OA) tempers ( ≈ 0.042 and 0.054, respectively) were almost one third of UA, attributed to volume fraction and size of the precipitated second-phase particles.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00503-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of reactive transport in the alteration of vitrified waste packages: the MOS model","authors":"Pierre Frugier, Nicole Godon, Yves Minet","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00496-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00496-0","url":null,"abstract":"The MOS model (acronym coming from the French MOdèle Simplifié) was born from the desire to have a simple tool that can quantify the contribution of the diffusive reactive environment to the alteration of a vitrified nuclear waste package in deep geological disposal conditions. In the model, this environmental contribution consists partly of the ability of iron, metallic casing corrosion products, and argillite to consume silicon, and partly of the brake on diffusive transport provided by silicon through the successive layers of environmental material. It is a modeling tool serving as an intermediary between operational modeling for the calculation of the source term from the glass, mathematically more simple and giving higher upper margins, and models that use geochemistry and transport, giving greater accuracy for the interactions between glass and its environment. The goal of the MOS model is to calculate the possible impact of silicon reactive diffusion on the alteration rate within the different layers of material surrounding nuclear glass. This article lists the simplifying hypotheses on which the MOS is based, presents the digital resolution method for an environment consisting of several successive layers with different reactivity and transport properties, and explains the model’s implementation.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00496-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: Effect of bias potential and dimension on electrochemical migration of capacitors for implantable devices","authors":"Shiyao Du, Feng Li, Flemming Bjerg Grumsen, Rajan Ambat, Ao Tang, Ying Li","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00509-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00509-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00509-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion behavior of additively manufactured FeCrAl in out-of-pile light water reactor environments","authors":"Rajnikant V. Umretiya, Haozheng Qu, Liang Yin, Timothy B. Jurewicz, Vipul K. Gupta, Marija Drobnjak, Michael P. Knussman, Andrew K. Hoffman, Raul B. Rebak","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00499-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00499-x","url":null,"abstract":"Iron-Chromium-Aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys are candidate materials for the cladding of light water reactor (LWR) fuels. The FeCrAl alloys in general range in Cr composition from 12% (C26M) to 21% (APMT). In this work, the general corrosion behavior of Additively Manufactured (AM) C26M coupons was compared to the behavior of traditional Powder Metallurgy (PM) coupons. Immersion testing were conducted for 12 months at 288 °C and 330 °C in pure water containing either oxygen or hydrogen. Results show that the mass change of AM specimens in hydrogenated water was like the mass change of PM specimens. In oxygenated water, the mass change of AM coupons was higher and less reproducible than for the PM coupons. Porosity in the AM specimens makes their behavior less predictable in high-temperature water.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00499-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon ion radiation as a viable surrogate for emulating neutron radiation damage in silicates","authors":"Krishna C. Polavaram, Sai Kalyan Evani, Sean M. Drewry, Elena Tajuelo Rodriguez, Mohammed G. Alnaggar, Christopher J. Wetteland, Katharine Page, John S. Popovics, Kurt E. Sickafus, Yann Le Pape, Nishant Garg","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00506-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00506-1","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear power plants are aging around the world, and a precise assessment of irradiation damage in their components is needed. One key component, concrete, and specifically the silicates in its aggregates, can undergo significant expansion upon neutron radiation, which can lead to cracking and, ultimately, structural failure. However, assessing and predicting the extent of damage via neutron radiation is challenging due to reasons such as residual radioactivity and, most importantly, the high time involved. Here, we evaluate whether ion radiation can be a viable surrogate. Specifically, by employing Si2+ ion radiations and a comprehensive multi-modal imaging protocol, we report mineral-specific responses for key silicates such as quartz, albite, anorthite, and microcline. We find that 10 MeV Si2+ ions result in mineral expansions that are remarkably comparable to neutron radiation equivalent expansions (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 1.29%), opening up pathways towards rapid assessment of silicates subject to irradiation.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00506-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel stacking ensemble learner for predicting residual strength of corroded pipelines","authors":"Qiankun Wang, Hongfang Lu","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00508-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00508-z","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately assessing the residual strength of corroded oil and gas pipelines is crucial for ensuring their safe and stable operation. Machine learning techniques have shown promise in addressing this challenge due to their ability to handle complex, non-linear relationships in data. Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on enhancing prediction accuracy through the optimization of single models, this work shifts the emphasis to a different approach: stacking ensemble learning. This study applies a stacking model composed of seven base learners and three meta-learners to predict the residual strength of pipelines using a dataset of 453 instances. Automated hyperparameter tuning libraries are utilized to search for optimal hyperparameters. By evaluating various combinations of base learners and meta-learners, the optimal stacking configuration was determined. The results demonstrate that the stacking model, using k-nearest neighbors as the meta-learner alongside seven base learners, delivers the best predictive performance, with a coefficient of determination of 0.959. Compared to individual models, the stacking model also significantly improves generalization performance. However, the stacking model’s effectiveness on low-strength pipelines is limited due to the small sample size. Furthermore, incorporating original features into the second-layer model did not significantly enhance performance, likely because the first-layer model had already extracted most of the critical features. Given the marginal contribution of model optimization to prediction accuracy, this work offers a novel perspective for improving model performance. The findings have important practical implications for the integrity assessment of corroded pipelines.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00508-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallic coatings in offshore wind sector—a mini review","authors":"Berenika Syrek-Gerstenkorn, Shiladitya Paul","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00480-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00480-8","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore wind energy is pivotal for achieving global renewable energy targets. As of 2022, 12% of global electricity is derived from wind and solar power, with an imperative to reach 90% renewable energy by 2050. The offshore wind industry, constituting 7.1% of global wind power, plays a central role in meeting these goals. The Global Wind Energy Alliance envisions reaching 380 GW by 2030 and 2000 GW by 2050. This paper addresses corrosion challenges in the offshore environment, emphasising sacrificial coatings as an effective mitigation strategy. By critically evaluating the latest revisions of widely used international standards such as Norsok M-501, ISO 12944, and VGBE-S-021, the study focuses on zinc- and aluminium-rich coatings that form a galvanic couple with steel, providing cathodic protection. Liquid coatings, thermally sprayed coatings, and hot-dip galvanised coatings are examined for their applicability with discussion on the advantages and limitations of these systems. Considerations of cost, environmental impact, and testing methods are crucial in selecting corrosion mitigation strategies. The review alludes to these requirements and highlights the significance of durable solutions, such as sacrificial coatings, in ensuring the long-term integrity of offshore wind structures amid the sector’s rapid expansion. Further collaborative research, involving industry and academia, is recommended to refine testing regimes and explore innovative coating solutions.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00480-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molten CMAS resistance strategy for PS-PVD TBCs based on laser textured and Al-modified bionic structure","authors":"Xueshi Zhuo, Xiaomao Sun, Jian Wu, Hao Dong, Peng Shen, Xiaofeng Zhang, Xuesong Mei, Jianlei Cui, Zhengjie Fan","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00505-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00505-2","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) is a promising third-generation thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) technique. Feather-like columnar TBCs with excellent strain tolerance and low thermal conductivity can be achieved using PS-PVD. However, molten CMAS (CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2) can penetrate coatings and accelerate PS-PVD TBCs failure due to the feather-like columnar structure. Hence, a strategy is proposed to alleviate molten CMAS corrosion. The super-hydrophobicity structure is fabricated via laser texturing on the surface of PS-PVD TBCs to repel molten CMAS wetting and spreading. Then, a thin layer of the Al-film is deposited on the laser-textured surface. Next, the Al-modified layer is in situ synthesized after vacuum heat treatment, preventing the infiltration of molten CMAS into the TBCs and reducing the coating damage. The results show that the contact angle of laser textured and Al-modified PS-PVD TBCs (LT-Al) at room temperature increased from 12.3° to 168.8°. The wetting and spreading behavior of molten CMAS of as-sprayed (AS), laser textured (LT), and LT-Al coatings is observed in situ at 1230 °C for 1800 s. The LT-Al coatings exhibited excellent CMAS corrosion resistance, attributed to the laser-textured micro-nano structures and Al-modified layer protection. The findings may be an effective approach for solving the disadvantage of PS-PVD feather-like columnar structure TBCs.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00505-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructurally resolved electrochemical evolution of mechanical- and irradiation-induced damage in nuclear alloys","authors":"Xin Chen, Marta Pozuelo, Maxim Gussev, Matthew Chancey, Yongqiang Wang, Magdalena Balonis, Mathieu Bauchy, Gaurav Sant","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00500-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00500-7","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need for high-throughput, scale-relevant, and direct electrochemical analysis to understand the corrosion behavior and sensitivity of nuclear materials that are exposed to extreme (high pressure, temperature, and radiation exposure) environments. We demonstrate the multi-scale, multi-modal application of scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) to electrochemically profile corrosion alterations in nuclear alloys in a microstructurally resolved manner. Particularly, we identify that both mechanically deformed and irradiated microstructures show reduced charge-transfer resistance that leads to accelerated oxidation. We highlight that the effects of mechanical deformation and irradiation are synergistic, and may in fact, superimpose each other, with implications including general-, galvanic-, and/or irradiation-activated stress-corrosion cracking. Taken together, we highlight the ability of non-destructive, electrochemical interrogations to ascertain how microstructural alterations result in changes in the corrosion tendency of a nuclear alloy: knowledge which has implications to rank, qualify and examine alloys for use in nuclear construction applications.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00500-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural investigation of Au ion-irradiated Eu-doped LaPO4 ceramics and single crystals","authors":"Sara E. Gilson, Volodymyr Svitlyk, Andrey A. Bukaemskiy, Jonas Niessen, Theresa Lender, Gabriel L. Murphy, Maximilian Henkes, Holger Lippold, Julien Marquardt, Shavkat Akhmadaliev, Christoph Hennig, Bjoern Winkler, Thorsten Tonnesen, Lars Peters, Cornelius Fischer, Nina Huittinen","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00504-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00504-3","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramics and single crystals of LaPO4 monazite doped with Eu(III) were irradiated with 14 MeV Au5+ ions at three different fluences. Changes to crystallinity, local coordination environments, and topography were probed using grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), vertical scanning interferometry (VSI), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, and luminescence spectroscopy. GIXRD data of the ceramics revealed fluence dependent amorphization. A similar level of amorphization was detected for samples irradiated with 5 × 1013 ions/cm2 and 1 × 1014 ions/cm2, whereas the sample irradiated with the highest fluence of 1 × 1015 ions/cm2 appeared slightly less amorphous. VSI showed clear swelling of entire grains at the highest ion fluence, while more localized damage to grain boundaries was detected for ceramic samples irradiated at the lowest fluence. Single crystal specimens showed no pronounced topography changes following irradiation. SEM images of the ceramic irradiated at the highest fluence showed topological features indicative of grain surface melting. Raman and luminescence data showed a different degree of disorder in polycrystalline vs. single crystal samples. While changes to PO4 vibrational modes were observed in the ceramics, changes were more subtle or not present in the single crystals. The opposite was observed when probing the local Ln-O environment using Eu(III) luminescence, where the larger changes in terms of an elongation of the Eu-O (or La-O) bond and an increasing relative disorder with increasing fluence were observed only for the single crystals. The dissimilar trends observed in irradiated single crystals and ceramics indicate that grain boundary chemistry likely plays a significant role in the radiation response.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00504-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}