npj Materials Degradation最新文献_第10页

Corrosion resistance of additively manufactured aluminium alloys for marine applications 海洋应用中添加制造铝合金的抗腐蚀性能

IF 5.1 2区材料科学

npj Materials Degradation Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00459-5

Clara Linder, Bharat Mehta, Salil Sainis, Johan B. Lindén, Caterina Zanella, Lars Nyborg

{"title":"Corrosion resistance of additively manufactured aluminium alloys for marine applications","authors":"Clara Linder, Bharat Mehta, Salil Sainis, Johan B. Lindén, Caterina Zanella, Lars Nyborg","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00459-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00459-5","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing opens new possibilities for designing light-weight structures using aluminium alloys. The microstructure of two Al alloys and their corrosion resistance in NaCl and natural seawater environments were investigated. The newly designed Al-Mn-Cr-Zr based alloy showed a higher corrosion resistance than reference AlSi10Mg alloy in both environments in as printed and heat-treated conditions. The corrosion initiated in the Al matrix along the precipitates in the alloys where the Volta potential difference was found the highest. The coarser microstructure and precipitate composition of the new Al-alloy led to the formation of a resistant passive film which extended the passivity region of the Al-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy compared to the AlSi10Mg alloy. The effect of heat treatment could be seen in the microstructure as more precipitates were found in between the melt pool boundaries, which affected the corrosion initiation and slightly the pitting resistance. Overall, this study shows that a newly designed Al-alloy for additive manufacturing has a suitable corrosion resistance for applications in marine environments.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00459-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dense Al2O3 sealing inhibited high hydrostatic pressure corrosion of Cr/GLC coating 致密的 Al2O3 密封材料抑制了 Cr/GLC 涂层的高静水压腐蚀

IF 5.1 2区材料科学

npj Materials Degradation Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00469-3

Shuyu Li, Hao Li, Yan Zhang, Wei Yang, Peng Guo, Xiaowei Li, Kazuhito Nishimura, Peiling Ke, Aiying Wang

{"title":"Dense Al2O3 sealing inhibited high hydrostatic pressure corrosion of Cr/GLC coating","authors":"Shuyu Li, Hao Li, Yan Zhang, Wei Yang, Peng Guo, Xiaowei Li, Kazuhito Nishimura, Peiling Ke, Aiying Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00469-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00469-3","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion failure of amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings is commonly ascribed to the existence of growth microdefects, which serve as pathways for corrosive fluids to permeate the substrate. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is renowned for its ability to augment the corrosion resistance of metallic materials. Graphite-like carbon (GLC) is one of the amorphous carbon materials dominated by hybridized sp2-C bonds. In this study, an ALD-deposited Al2O3 layer is specially introduced on the Cr/GLC multilayer coating to solve the aforementioned corrosion risk of a-C by taking the sealing conception for defects. Compared to the as-deposited Cr/GLC coating, the coating encapsulated with Al2O3 layer depicts the reduction of corrosion current density over two orders of magnitude under a wide pressure range of 0.1 ~ 15 MPa. Particularly, the presence of released Crn+ and Fen+ in the corrosion solution is significantly diminished, accompanying with a small quantity of Aln+ generated in sealed coating during corrosion. Microstructural analysis and electrochemical results identified that both the dense Al2O3 layer offered strong safeguard for Cr elements released from multilayers, whilst amorphous carbon network inhibited the likelihood chloride penetration induced by partially infiltrated Al2O3, which made the synergistic contributions to the enhancement of corrosion resistance for Cr/GLC coating for deep-sea applications.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00469-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of hydrogen embrittlement on mechanical characteristics of DLC-coating for hydrogen valves of FCEVs 氢脆对用于 FCEV 氢气阀门的 DLC 涂层机械特性的影响

IF 5.1 2区材料科学

npj Materials Degradation Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00460-y

Dong-Ho Shin, Seong-Jong Kim

{"title":"Effect of hydrogen embrittlement on mechanical characteristics of DLC-coating for hydrogen valves of FCEVs","authors":"Dong-Ho Shin, Seong-Jong Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00460-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00460-y","url":null,"abstract":"Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating is a surface coating technology with excellent hydrogen permeation resistance and wear resistance. However, it is difficult to completely prevent hydrogen permeation, and when hydrogen penetrates into the coating layer, the DLC coating is adversely affected. Therefore, we investigated the effect of hydrogen embrittlement on the adhesion strength and wear resistance of the DLC coating layer. As the results of the research, the surface roughness of the DLC coating was increased by a maximum of 3.8 times with hydrogen charging, and the delamination ratio of the DLC coating reached about 58%. In addition, the Lc3, which refers to the adhesion strength corresponding to the complete delamination of the DLC coating, was decreased by a maximum of 2.0 N due to hydrogen permeation. In addition, the wear resistance decreased due to hydrogen permeation, and the exposed width of the substrate due to wear increased by more than 4 times. It was also determined that hydrogen blistering or hydrogen-induced cracking occurred at the interface between the DLC coating and the chromium buffer layer due to hydrogen permeation, which decreased the durability of the DLC coating.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00460-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metastable cellular structures govern localized corrosion damage development in additive manufactured stainless steel 可代谢蜂窝结构控制添加剂制造的不锈钢中局部腐蚀损伤的发展

IF 5.1 2区材料科学

npj Materials Degradation Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00464-8

Evan DelVecchio, Tiffany Liu, Yen-Ting Chang, Yuheng Nie, Maryam Eslami, Marie A. Charpagne

{"title":"Metastable cellular structures govern localized corrosion damage development in additive manufactured stainless steel","authors":"Evan DelVecchio, Tiffany Liu, Yen-Ting Chang, Yuheng Nie, Maryam Eslami, Marie A. Charpagne","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00464-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00464-8","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid solidification associated with additive manufacturing (AM) leads to complex microstructures with peculiar features amongst which cellular solidification structures are the most remarkable. These metastable structures possess a clear segregation pattern dictated by the solidification pathway of the alloy and are bounded by dislocation walls. While they confer exceptional strength and ductility to AM 316L stainless steel, their effect on localized corrosion in chloride environments remains to be established. Here, we employ correlative electron microscopy to reveal coupled chemical, electrochemical, and crystallographic effects on localized corrosion attack and its development. We show that the Cr and Mo-depleted interior of the cellular solidification structures dissolves selectively, giving rise to an intricate damage morphology, that is directly related to the underlying crystallographic orientation. Whereas surface observations only reveal apparently shallow micrometer-size cavities, 3D tomography via focused ion beam serial-sectioning shows a high degree of connectivity between these features underneath the surface. We reveal this intricate morphology, propose a formation mechanism, and discuss alloy design guidelines to mitigate this phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00464-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140817301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Calcia magnesia alumino silicate (CMAS) corrosion attack on thermally sprayed thermal barrier coatings: a comprehensive review 热喷涂隔热涂层上的钙镁铝硅酸盐（CMAS）腐蚀侵蚀：综合评述

IF 5.1 2区材料科学

npj Materials Degradation Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00462-w

Rakesh Bhaskaran Nair, Dermot Brabazon

{"title":"Calcia magnesia alumino silicate (CMAS) corrosion attack on thermally sprayed thermal barrier coatings: a comprehensive review","authors":"Rakesh Bhaskaran Nair, Dermot Brabazon","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00462-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00462-w","url":null,"abstract":"Calcia-Magnesia-Alumino Silicate (CMAS) is a form of molten siliceous residue generated at elevated temperatures within aeroengines. CMAS adheres to the surface of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and has the potential to cause significant damage to engine components, resulting in TBC failures. The aviation industry has long recognized CMAS as a substantial threat to aircraft engines, and this threat persists today. A substantial amount of research has been carried out, primarily focusing on gaining a fundamental understanding of the degradation mechanism of traditional TBCs manufactured using air plasma spraying (APS) and electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technologies after CMAS attack. A thorough understanding of why CMAS forms, its role in causing severe spallation, and how to prevent it is of significant concern both academically and industrially. This review article provides a detailed examination of the chemistry of CMAS and the resulting degradation mechanisms that the TBC may encounter throughout the aeroengine service life. This article also explores recent research, incorporating case studies, on the impact of CMAS attack on the resulting chemical and structural modifications of the ceramic topcoats. Current strategies designed to mitigate CMAS infiltration and perspectives for enhanced mitigation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00462-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140648268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Passivation and corrosion of Al current collectors in lithium-ion batteries 锂离子电池中铝集流体的钝化和腐蚀

IF 5.1 2区材料科学

npj Materials Degradation Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00453-x

Pin Du, Jiale Wan, Jiakang Qu, Hongwei Xie, Dihua Wang, Huayi Yin

{"title":"Passivation and corrosion of Al current collectors in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Pin Du, Jiale Wan, Jiakang Qu, Hongwei Xie, Dihua Wang, Huayi Yin","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00453-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00453-x","url":null,"abstract":"State-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries inevitably suffer from electrode corrosion over long-term operation, such as corrosion of Al current collectors. However, the understanding of Al corrosion and its impacts on the battery performances have not been evaluated in detail. The passivation, its breakdown, and corrosion of the Al resulted in the deterioration of the solid/solid interface and electrode integrity. Additionally, localized diffusion of F−/Al3+ brought the irreversible current detrimental to the Coulomb efficiency (1.14% loss). Eventually, the behavior led to extensive capacity damage (>20%) to battery performance until lifespan. During the battery cycling, the passivation layer greater than 20 nm was generated near the median voltage. When the charging voltage rose, the passivation layer was squeezed and deformed by the newly generated Al-F-O particles, resulting in stress corrosion cracks. The passivation layer peeled off, and the nano-passivation layer material was re-generated as the voltage continued to rise. The above results were repeated, and the Al matrix was continuously consumed. The passivity breakdown with localized corrosion was derived from ethylene carbonate adsorption, which was highly correlated to the charge voltages, especially at 4.4 V and 4.8 V. The results will serve as a benchmark for electrode corrosion of other advanced energy storage materials, which is crucial for electrode engineering and performance modulation using interfacial design.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00453-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140642039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of topological design on the degradation behavior of additively manufactured porous zinc alloy 拓扑设计对添加剂制造的多孔锌合金降解行为的影响

IF 5.1 2区材料科学

npj Materials Degradation Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00451-z

Yixuan Shi, Wei Xu, Haodong Che, Shangyan Zhao, Weiwei Chang, Xuan Li, Yuchen Lu, Chenran Xue, Dawei Zhang, Lu-Ning Wang, Yageng Li

{"title":"The effect of topological design on the degradation behavior of additively manufactured porous zinc alloy","authors":"Yixuan Shi, Wei Xu, Haodong Che, Shangyan Zhao, Weiwei Chang, Xuan Li, Yuchen Lu, Chenran Xue, Dawei Zhang, Lu-Ning Wang, Yageng Li","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00451-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00451-z","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of additively manufactured biodegradable porous metals presents a transformative opportunity to meet the criteria of ideal bone substitutes. Precisely tailoring their degradation behavior constitutes a pivotal aspect of this endeavor. In this study, we investigated the effects of topological designs on the degradation profile of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) Zn scaffolds under dynamic in vitro immersion tests. Specifically, four types of Zn-0.4Mn-0.2Mg scaffolds (beam-based: diamond, face center cubic; surface-based: gyroid, schwarz-P) were designed and fabricated. The degradation mechanism of the scaffolds was comprehensively evaluated using both experimental and simulation methods. The results illuminate the profound impact of structural design on the degradation properties of the Zn alloy scaffolds. The beam-based diamond and face center cubic scaffolds exhibited a degradation rate of 0.08–0.12 mm per year with a relatively uniform degradation mode under dynamic immersion. On the contrary, the surface-based gyroid and Schwarz-P scaffolds demonstrated a notably reduced degradation rate due to lower permeability. This restricted the diffusion of medium ions within the pores, culminating in the accumulation of degradation products and more severe localized degradation. This study underscores the potential of topological design as a compelling strategy for tailoring the degradation profile of additively manufactured biodegradable scaffolds, thereby advancing their suitability as bone substitutes.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00451-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140642058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Corrosion behavior and cellular automata simulation of carbon steel in salt-spray environment 作者更正：盐雾环境中碳钢的腐蚀行为和细胞自动机模拟

IF 5.1 2区材料科学

npj Materials Degradation Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00466-6

Hong Qin, Jin Liu, Qianxi Shao, Xiqing Zhang, Yingxue Teng, Shuweng Chen, Dazhen Zhang, Shuo Bao

引用次数: 0

Correlative, ML-based and non-destructive 3D-analysis of intergranular fatigue cracking in SAC305-Bi solder balls 对 SAC305-Bi 焊球晶间疲劳裂纹的相关性、基于 ML 的非破坏性 3D 分析

IF 5.1 2区材料科学

npj Materials Degradation Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00456-8

Charlotte Cui, Fereshteh Falah Chamasemani, Priya Paulachan, Rahulkumar Sinojiya, Jördis Rosc, Michael Reisinger, Peter Imrich, Walter Hartner, Roland Brunner

{"title":"Correlative, ML-based and non-destructive 3D-analysis of intergranular fatigue cracking in SAC305-Bi solder balls","authors":"Charlotte Cui, Fereshteh Falah Chamasemani, Priya Paulachan, Rahulkumar Sinojiya, Jördis Rosc, Michael Reisinger, Peter Imrich, Walter Hartner, Roland Brunner","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00456-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00456-8","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable connections of electrical components embody a crucial topic in the microelectronics and power semiconductor industry. This study utilises 3D non-destructive X-ray tomography and specifically developed machine learning (ML-) algorithms to statistically investigate crack initiation and propagation in SAC305-Bi solder balls upon thermal cycling on board (TCoB). We quantitatively segment fatigue cracks and flux pores from 3D X-ray tomography data utilising a multi-level ML-workflow incorporating a 3D U-Net model. The data reveals that intergranular fatigue cracking is the predominant failure mechanism during TCoB and that dynamic recrystallisation precedes crack initiation. Moreover, we find that fatigue cracks are initiated at surface notches, flux pores and printed circuit board-metallisation intrusions. The work provides important insights regarding the underlying microstructural and mechanical mechanisms for recrystallisation and cracking, uniting the aspects of big-data analysis with ML-algorithms and in-depth understanding about the underlying materials science.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00456-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140621400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamics of early-stage oxide formation on a Ni-Cr-Mo alloy 镍铬钼合金早期氧化物形成动力学

IF 5.1 2区材料科学

npj Materials Degradation Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00463-9

Alfred Larsson, Sabrina Gericke, Andrea Grespi, Volkmar Koller, Josefin Eidhagen, Xiaoqi Yue, Eleanor Frampton, Stephan Appelfeller, Alexander Generalov, Alexei Preobrajenski, Jinshan Pan, Herbert Over, Edvin Lundgren

{"title":"Dynamics of early-stage oxide formation on a Ni-Cr-Mo alloy","authors":"Alfred Larsson, Sabrina Gericke, Andrea Grespi, Volkmar Koller, Josefin Eidhagen, Xiaoqi Yue, Eleanor Frampton, Stephan Appelfeller, Alexander Generalov, Alexei Preobrajenski, Jinshan Pan, Herbert Over, Edvin Lundgren","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00463-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00463-9","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion results in large costs and environmental impact but can be controlled by thin oxide films that passivate the metal surfaces and hinder further oxidation or dissolution in an aqueous environment. The structure, chemistry, and thickness of these oxide films play a significant role in determining their anti-corrosion properties and the early-stage oxidation dynamics affect the properties of the developed oxide. Here, we use in situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to study the early-stage oxidation of a Ni-Cr-Mo alloy at room temperature and up to 400 °C. Cr and Mo begin to oxidize immediately after exposure to O2, and Cr3+, Mo4+, and Mo6+ oxides are formed. In contrast, Ni does not contribute significantly to the oxide film. A self-limiting oxide thickness, which did not depend on temperature below 400 °C, is observed. This is attributed to the consumption of available Cr and Mo near the surface, which results in an enrichment of metallic Ni under the oxide. The self-limited oxide thickness is 6–8 Å, which corresponds to 3–4 atomic layers of cations in the oxide. At 400 °C, sublimation of Mo6+ oxide is observed, resulting in the formation of an almost pure layer of Cr2O3 on the alloy surface. Lastly, a mechanism is presented that explains the formation of the bi-layer oxide structure observed for Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, which involves the enhanced migration of hexavalent Mo ions in the electric field, which drives mass transport during oxidation according to both the Cabrera Mott model and the Point Defect Model.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00463-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0