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Acute Lagophthalmos due to Bell's Palsy could be a Sign of COVID-19. 贝尔氏麻痹引起的急性Lagophthalmos可能是COVID-19的征兆。
IF 0.8
Neuro-Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2021-06-11 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2021.1909074
Ibrahim Ozdemir, Sucattin Ilker Kocamıs
{"title":"Acute Lagophthalmos due to Bell's Palsy could be a Sign of COVID-19.","authors":"Ibrahim Ozdemir,&nbsp;Sucattin Ilker Kocamıs","doi":"10.1080/01658107.2021.1909074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2021.1909074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We sought to investigate whether lagophthalmos was associated with coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Patients diagnosed with lagophthalmos in 2019 were included in group one (n = 9), while those diagnosed with lagophthalmos in 2020 were included in group two (n = 33). With the onset of COVID-19, we observed that the number of patients seen with lagophthalmia increased compared with the same period from the previous year. To confirm this, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test results were followed in patients with suspicious findings, after which blood test results were compared. The reported lagophthalmos cases increased by 367% in 2020 compared with 2019. Additionally, the mean white blood cell, lymphocyte and platelet counts of patients in group two were all significantly decreased compared with group one. Lagophthalmos due to Bell's palsy could be a sign of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":19257,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","volume":"45 5","pages":"309-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01658107.2021.1909074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39453687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Posterior Segment Manifestations of Cat-scratch Disease: A Mini-review of the Clinical and Multi-modal Imaging Features. 猫抓病的后节段表现:临床和多模式影像特征的综述。
IF 0.8
Neuro-Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2021-06-11 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2021.1939393
Omer Karti, Ferdane Ataş, Ali Osman Saatci
{"title":"Posterior Segment Manifestations of Cat-scratch Disease: A Mini-review of the Clinical and Multi-modal Imaging Features.","authors":"Omer Karti,&nbsp;Ferdane Ataş,&nbsp;Ali Osman Saatci","doi":"10.1080/01658107.2021.1939393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2021.1939393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bartonella henselae, an intracellular gram-negative bacillus, is usually transmitted from infected cats to humans by direct or indirect contact. The bacterium mainly infects erythrocytes and endothelial cells thereby leading to so called cat-scratch disease (CSD) and may present with various localised and/or systemic manifestations. The eye is the most commonly affected organ in disseminated CSD and ocular bartonellosis has been reported in 5-10% of CSD patients. The most well-known clinical feature of ocular bartonellosis is neuroretinitis but various sight-threatening posterior segment lesions involving the optic nerve, retinal vasculature, retinal and choroidal tissues may occur during the disease course. This mini-review aims to overview both the clinical and multi-modal imaging characteristics of posterior ocular segment manifestations of CSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19257,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","volume":"45 6","pages":"361-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01658107.2021.1939393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39578387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Relapsing-remitting Optic Neuropathy in an HIV-infected Patient: Secondary Auto-immune Optic Neuropathy or Infectious Optic Neuropathy? A Case Report and Review of the Literature. hiv感染患者复发缓解性视神经病变:继发性自身免疫性视神经病变还是感染性视神经病变?一例病例报告及文献回顾。
IF 0.8
Neuro-Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2021-06-11 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2021.1933078
Maëlle Coutel, Roxane Flamant, Souraya El Sankari, Leila Belkhir, Thierry Duprez, Antonella Boschi
{"title":"Relapsing-remitting Optic Neuropathy in an HIV-infected Patient: Secondary Auto-immune Optic Neuropathy or Infectious Optic Neuropathy? A Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Maëlle Coutel,&nbsp;Roxane Flamant,&nbsp;Souraya El Sankari,&nbsp;Leila Belkhir,&nbsp;Thierry Duprez,&nbsp;Antonella Boschi","doi":"10.1080/01658107.2021.1933078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2021.1933078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It can be challenging to disentangle human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related infectious optic neuropathy and secondary triggered auto-immune disease when an HIV positive patient presents with vision loss. We report a 44-year-old untreated HIV positive Congolese woman who presented with two episodes of vision loss associated with pain in first her left eye and then her right eye and was diagnosed with a relapsing optic neuropathy. A correlation was observed between the clinical activity and cerebrospinal fluid viral load, CD4-count in the blood and magnetic resonance imaging signs of blood - optic nerve barrier breakdown. CD4 cell counts and viral loads are great clinical features to identify the type of acute optic neuropathy since differential diagnosis between an infectious optic neuropathy or an auto-immune induced optic neuropathy such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder or immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome can be puzzling.</p>","PeriodicalId":19257,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"236-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01658107.2021.1933078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40633299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recalcitrant Optic Nerve and Retinal Infiltration in a Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia 顽固性视神经和视网膜浸润在急性淋巴细胞白血病复发中的作用
IF 0.8
Neuro-Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2021-06-11 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2021.1933079
Corrina P. Azarcon, G. V. Mercado, R. N. Alfonso
{"title":"Recalcitrant Optic Nerve and Retinal Infiltration in a Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia","authors":"Corrina P. Azarcon, G. V. Mercado, R. N. Alfonso","doi":"10.1080/01658107.2021.1933079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2021.1933079","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Isolated ocular relapse of leukaemia is rare. We present the case of a 20-year-old male with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) who reported sudden blurring of vision in both eyes 6 months after documentation of ALL remission. Ocular examination showed bilateral infiltrative optic neuropathies and serous retinal detachments. Cerebrospinal fluid and bone marrow samples were negative for blast cells. Systemic work-up did not reveal any other sites of involvement. The ocular infiltration partially responded to reinduction chemotherapy, intraconal steroids, and radiotherapy. This report demonstrates a challenging case of isolated ocular ALL relapse presenting as bilateral optic nerve and retinal infiltration.","PeriodicalId":19257,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","volume":"180 1","pages":"126 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80181741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scrub Typhus Presenting as Unilateral Abducens Nerve Palsy 恙虫病表现为单侧外展神经麻痹
IF 0.8
Neuro-Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2021.1909073
R. Ghosh, S. Biswas, A. Mandal, Kaustav De, Srijit Bandyopadhyay, Sona Singh Sardar, A. Mandal, J. Benito‐León
{"title":"Scrub Typhus Presenting as Unilateral Abducens Nerve Palsy","authors":"R. Ghosh, S. Biswas, A. Mandal, Kaustav De, Srijit Bandyopadhyay, Sona Singh Sardar, A. Mandal, J. Benito‐León","doi":"10.1080/01658107.2021.1909073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2021.1909073","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scrub typhus, an acute febrile infectious disease prevalent in the “Tsutsugamushi Triangle”, is a mite-born rickettsial zoonosis, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Although the clinical presentation is protean, it rarely causes abducens nerve palsy. We report a 14-year-old previously healthy Indian girl who presented with a recent onset right abducens nerve palsy and headache, but without fever and without the classic dermatological manifestation (“eschar”) of the disease. After exclusion of common infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic causes, she was finally diagnosed with scrub typhus associated with an abducens nerve palsy, which responded to doxycycline therapy.","PeriodicalId":19257,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","volume":"2 1","pages":"99 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87646675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Ictal Lid Movements: Blinks and Lid Saccades. 关键的眼睑运动:眨眼和眼睑扫视。
IF 0.8
Neuro-Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2021-06-04 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2021.1900280
Nataliya Pyatka, Prasannakumar Gajera, Guadalupe Fernandez-Bacavaca, Samden D Lhatoo, Aasef G Shaikh
{"title":"Ictal Lid Movements: Blinks and Lid Saccades.","authors":"Nataliya Pyatka,&nbsp;Prasannakumar Gajera,&nbsp;Guadalupe Fernandez-Bacavaca,&nbsp;Samden D Lhatoo,&nbsp;Aasef G Shaikh","doi":"10.1080/01658107.2021.1900280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2021.1900280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two types of lid movements, blinks and lid saccades, have discrete kinematic properties and physiology. These differences are reflected in distinct phenomenology of disorders affecting their neural substrate. Proof of this principle was seen in two patients, one with parietal lobe epilepsy and the other with temporal lobe epilepsy. The lid movements in the patient with parietal lobe epilepsy were rhythmic, yoked, and had a rapid upward component that instantaneously followed a slow downward drift. These cyclic movements strikingly resembled nystagmus, but unlike typical eye nystagmus, the rapid upward component was pathological and seemed to involve a saccadic mechanism. We suggest the terms \"ictal lid saccades\" or \"ictal lid nystagmus\" to describe such a phenomenon. In contrast, the patient with temporal lobe epilepsy had ipsilateral lid movements with rapid downward trajectories resembling reflex or spontaneous blinks. The term \"ictal blink\" is appropriate for this phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":19257,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","volume":"45 5","pages":"301-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01658107.2021.1900280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39451153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Third Nerve Palsy: Unusual Presentation and Review of the Literature 系统性红斑狼疮和第三神经麻痹:不寻常的表现和文献综述
IF 0.8
Neuro-Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2021-05-24 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2021.1912113
Divya Natarajan, Mohan Kannam, M. V. V. Reddy, V. Sachdeva
{"title":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Third Nerve Palsy: Unusual Presentation and Review of the Literature","authors":"Divya Natarajan, Mohan Kannam, M. V. V. Reddy, V. Sachdeva","doi":"10.1080/01658107.2021.1912113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2021.1912113","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We report the case of a young female with pyrexia of unknown origin, cutaneous macules and an incomplete third cranial nerve palsy, that led to the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with neurological manifestations. Her visual acuity was normal. Fundus examination showed cotton wool spots in both eyes. Neuroimaging was also normal. Systemic work up revealed pancytopaenia, hypocomplementaemia, and the presence of multiple autoantibodies including anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid and lupus anticoagulant. She was effectively treated with intravenous pulsed corticosteroid therapy, cyclophosphamide, and oral hydroxychloroquine. This case highlights the uncommon involvement of cranial nerve mononeuropathy in SLE, the importance of systemic examination and autoimmune workup in young patients with such a presentation.","PeriodicalId":19257,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","volume":"os7 1","pages":"109 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88399915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Post COVID-19 Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Optic Neuritis COVID-19后髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关性视神经炎
IF 0.8
Neuro-Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2021-05-24 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2021.1916044
Daniela Rojas-Correa, J. A. Reche-Sainz, A. Insausti-García, C. Calleja-García, M. Ferro-Osuna
{"title":"Post COVID-19 Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Optic Neuritis","authors":"Daniela Rojas-Correa, J. A. Reche-Sainz, A. Insausti-García, C. Calleja-García, M. Ferro-Osuna","doi":"10.1080/01658107.2021.1916044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2021.1916044","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Neurological manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are relatively common. Although some may be consequences of direct cellular viral invasion (neurotropism), many represent post-infectious inflammation mediated by autoimmune mechanisms. We herein report the case of a 69-year-old diabetic male who presented with bilateral sub-acute, progressive loss of vision 45 days after suffering a presumed SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia. He had bilateral optic disc oedema. Magnetic resonance imaging showed uniform contrast enhancement of both optic nerves without spinal cord involvement. He tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) IgG antibodies. He was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone for 5 days. The optic disc oedema resolved within 6 weeks with improvement in visual acuity, although optic atrophy developed by week 16. The MOG-IgG antibody test turned negative after 24 weeks.","PeriodicalId":19257,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","volume":"21 ","pages":"115 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01658107.2021.1916044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72541841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy with Progressive Macular Ganglion Cell Atrophy due to COVID-19 COVID-19所致非动脉性前缺血性视神经病变伴进行性黄斑神经节细胞萎缩
IF 0.8
Neuro-Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2021.1909075
B. Yüksel, F. Bıçak, F. Gümüş, T. Küsbeci
{"title":"Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy with Progressive Macular Ganglion Cell Atrophy due to COVID-19","authors":"B. Yüksel, F. Bıçak, F. Gümüş, T. Küsbeci","doi":"10.1080/01658107.2021.1909075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2021.1909075","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A 72-year-old man with type II diabetes mellitus presented with sudden painless vision loss and an inferior visual field defect in his right eye. He had previously tested positive for COVID-19 disease with the symptoms starting 13 days before the onset of vision loss. His decimal visual acuity, 55 days after the onset of visual symptoms, was 0.3 and this decreased over the following week to counting fingers. 24–2 visual field analysis revealed an inferior altitudinal defect. Dilated fundus examination revealed mild optic disc swelling in the right eye. The left eye was normal. He was diagnosed with non-artertic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION). On spectral domain optical coherence tomography there was retinal thinning in the supero-temporal foveal area. Macular ganglion cell layer – inner plexiform retinal layer complex analysis showed progressive atrophy that developed from the supero-temporal to the infero-nasal fovea. COVID-19 infection may lead to NAION.","PeriodicalId":19257,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":"104 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87906189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
A Review of Tolerance and Safety Profiles of Long-Term Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A in Asian Patients with Hemifacial Spasm and Benign Essential Blepharospasm. 长期A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素治疗亚洲面肌痉挛和良性原发性眼睑痉挛患者的耐受性和安全性综述。
IF 0.8
Neuro-Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2021-05-19 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2021.1916043
Kenneth Ka Hei Lai, Alan Tsang, Andrew K T Kuk, Callie K L Ko, Edwin Chan, Simon T C Ko
{"title":"A Review of Tolerance and Safety Profiles of Long-Term Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A in Asian Patients with Hemifacial Spasm and Benign Essential Blepharospasm.","authors":"Kenneth Ka Hei Lai,&nbsp;Alan Tsang,&nbsp;Andrew K T Kuk,&nbsp;Callie K L Ko,&nbsp;Edwin Chan,&nbsp;Simon T C Ko","doi":"10.1080/01658107.2021.1916043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2021.1916043","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article reports the tolerance and long-term safety profiles of botulinum neurotoxin type A among Asian patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). We performed a retrospective review of clinical documents and procedure records of consecutive BEB and HFS patients receiving onabotulinum toxin A (Botox) treatment in our clinic over the past 20 years. We reviewed the information of 105 patients diagnosed with BEB (n = 31) and HFS (n = 74). All of the patients were Asian. The mean age of disease onset was 59 (range 37–80) years old for BEB and 61 (range 31–83) for HFS. The mean follow up was 84 (range 12–240) months and the mean number of sessions per patient was 19 (range 1–61). The botulinum toxin dose per session increased significantly in both BEB (16.5 versus 21.6 units, p < .05) and HFS (22.6 versus 26.9 units, p < .05) patients after a mean of 18 sessions; however, the onset time, effective duration and subjective treatment outcome were similar over time in both BEB and HFS patients. At least one local complication was reported among 26% and 41% of patients with BEB and HFS respectively, with ptosis (32%) being most frequent.","PeriodicalId":19257,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","volume":"45 5","pages":"293-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01658107.2021.1916043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39451152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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