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Research on superheavy elements: Experimental prospects 超重元素的研究：实验展望
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Physics A Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123097
Dirk Rudolph
{"title":"Research on superheavy elements: Experimental prospects","authors":"Dirk Rudolph","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>What are the heaviest elements that can exist in Nature or be created on Earth? Does an ‘Island of Stability’ exist beyond uranium? Questions like these are often asked in connection with Long Range Plans of nuclear physics communities or large-scale accelerator facilities. Information on the chemical and physical properties of superheavy elements (<span><math><mi>Z</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>103</mn></math></span>) or nuclei is notoriously difficult to collect, mainly because of tiny production and thus observation rates. This in turn limits experimental constraints of nuclear structure theory in particular. A selection of ongoing efforts and future possibilities to improve the experimental situation are presented. Nuclear theory is asked to anchor model predictions on already existing nuclear structure data in the superheavy region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19246,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics A","volume":"1060 ","pages":"Article 123097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neural network-based prediction of particle-induced fission cross sections for r-process nucleosynthesis trained with dynamical reaction models 用动态反应模型训练的r-过程核合成粒子诱导裂变截面的神经网络预测
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Physics A Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123104
J.L. Rodríguez-Sánchez , G. García-Jiménez , H. Alvarez-Pol , M. Feijoo-Fontán , A. Graña-González
{"title":"Neural network-based prediction of particle-induced fission cross sections for r-process nucleosynthesis trained with dynamical reaction models","authors":"J.L. Rodríguez-Sánchez ,&nbsp;G. García-Jiménez ,&nbsp;H. Alvarez-Pol ,&nbsp;M. Feijoo-Fontán ,&nbsp;A. Graña-González","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale computations of fission properties play a crucial role in nuclear reaction network calculations simulating rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) nucleosynthesis. Due to the large number of fissioning nuclei contributing to the r-process, a description of particle-induced fission reactions is computationally challenging. In this work, we use theoretical calculations based on the INCL+ABLA models to train neural networks (NN). The results for the prediction of proton-induced spallation reactions, in particular fission, utilizing a large variety of NN models across the hyper-parameter space are presented, which are relevant for r-process calculations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19246,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics A","volume":"1060 ","pages":"Article 123104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imaging the structure of atomic nuclei in high-energy nuclear collisions from STAR experiment 利用STAR实验对高能核碰撞中的原子核结构进行成像
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Physics A Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123106
Chunjian Zhang , STAR Collaboration
{"title":"Imaging the structure of atomic nuclei in high-energy nuclear collisions from STAR experiment","authors":"Chunjian Zhang ,&nbsp;STAR Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the extractions of properties of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) are hindered by a limited understanding of its initial conditions, where the nuclear structure of the colliding ions plays a significant role. In these proceedings, we present the first quantitative demonstration using “collective flow assisted nuclear shape imaging” method to extract the quadrupole deformation and triaxiality from <sup>238</sup>U using data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We achieve this by comparing bulk observables in collisions of highly deformed <sup>238</sup>U and nearly spherical <sup>197</sup>Au. A similar comparative measurement performed in collisions of <sup>96</sup>Ru+<sup>96</sup>Ru and <sup>96</sup>Zr+<sup>96</sup>Zr, suggests the presence of moderate quadrupole deformation of <sup>96</sup>Ru, large octupole deformation of <sup>96</sup>Zr, as well as an apparent neutron skin difference between these two species. The prospect of this nuclear shape imaging method as a novel tool for the study of nuclear structure is also elaborated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19246,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics A","volume":"1060 ","pages":"Article 123106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reaction theory developments for breakup and quasifree knockout reactions 裂解和准自由敲除反应的反应理论发展
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Physics A Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123098
Kazuyuki Ogata
{"title":"Reaction theory developments for breakup and quasifree knockout reactions","authors":"Kazuyuki Ogata","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some recent activities on breakup and knockout reaction studies are briefly reviewed. Topics covered are 1) fragile/unbound cluster knockout reactions, 2) effective polarization in (<span><math><mi>p</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>α</mi></math></span>) reactions, 3) description of transfer reactions with the impulse approximation, 4) deuteron-induced inclusive reactions, and 5) studies of the thee-nucleon force effect via knockout reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19246,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics A","volume":"1060 ","pages":"Article 123098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fission isomer studies with advanced experimental facilities and detection systems 裂变异构体研究与先进的实验设施和检测系统
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Physics A Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123094
Jianwei Zhao , Timo Dickel , Andreas Oberstedt , Peter G. Thirolf
{"title":"Fission isomer studies with advanced experimental facilities and detection systems","authors":"Jianwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Timo Dickel ,&nbsp;Andreas Oberstedt ,&nbsp;Peter G. Thirolf","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ‘island’ of fission isomers identified in the actinide region (<em>Z</em> = 92 - 97, <em>N</em> = 141- 151) originates from multi-humped fission barriers. Fission isomers are superdeformed and with a low spin representing one of the extremes of the nuclear landscape. However, only scarce experimental information was gained from experiments performed more than 20 years ago. The advances in experimental facilities and detection systems allow us to revive the experimental activities on fission isomer studies. For example, producing fission isomers in <sup>240,242</sup>Am and measuring their delayed fission have been achieved at the IGISOL facility in Jyväskylä. Exploring the production of fission isomers in the U-Np region with <sup>238</sup>U fragmentation is ongoing at GSI, Darmstadt. This paper reviews fission isomers in <sup>235,236</sup>U and <sup>240,242</sup>Am, which are being re-visited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19246,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics A","volume":"1060 ","pages":"Article 123094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi-observable analysis of jet quenching using Bayesian inference with JETSCAPE 基于JETSCAPE的喷射淬火多观测贝叶斯推理分析
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Physics A Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123100
Lipei Du , JETSCAPE Collaboration
{"title":"Multi-observable analysis of jet quenching using Bayesian inference with JETSCAPE","authors":"Lipei Du ,&nbsp;JETSCAPE Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <span>Jetscape</span> Collaboration presents a new determination of the jet transport parameter <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>ˆ</mo></mrow></mover></math></span> in the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) using Bayesian Inference. This study expands on previous work by incorporating a comprehensive data set from inclusive hadron and jet yield suppression measurements at RHIC and the LHC. Utilizing Active Learning and other machine-learning approaches for computational efficiency, the analysis efficiently explores the parameter space and studies systematic dependencies across various kinematic and centrality ranges. The results highlight tensions in the extracted <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>ˆ</mo></mrow></mover></math></span> values across different data sets, providing deeper insights into the physics of jet transport in the QGP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19246,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics A","volume":"1060 ","pages":"Article 123100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New measurements of the 19F(p, α0,π)16O reaction cross sections close to the Coulomb barrier 库仑势垒附近19F(p, α0,π)16O反应截面的新测量
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Physics A Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123102
L. Redigolo , I. Lombardo , D. Dell'Aquila , A. Musumarra , M.G. Pellegriti , M. Russo , G. Verde , M. Vigilante
{"title":"New measurements of the 19F(p, α0,π)16O reaction cross sections close to the Coulomb barrier","authors":"L. Redigolo ,&nbsp;I. Lombardo ,&nbsp;D. Dell'Aquila ,&nbsp;A. Musumarra ,&nbsp;M.G. Pellegriti ,&nbsp;M. Russo ,&nbsp;G. Verde ,&nbsp;M. Vigilante","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report new cross section data for the <sup>19</sup>F(p, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>π</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>)<sup>16</sup>O reactions at low energies, especially in the 1.1-1.3 MeV region, where few data for the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> channel are reported, and in the 1.6-1.7 MeV energy region, to solve a long-standing discrepancy between existing data sets for the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> channel. The new data were included in a comprehensive <em>R</em>-matrix fit, and some suggestions on the cluster nature of <sup>20</sup>Ne states in the 14-15 MeV excitation energy region were discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19246,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics A","volume":"1060 ","pages":"Article 123102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dilepton measurements with HADES as probes of hot and dense hadronic matter 用HADES作为热、密强子物质探针的双轻子测量
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Physics A Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123096
Niklas Schild, HADES Collaboration
{"title":"Dilepton measurements with HADES as probes of hot and dense hadronic matter","authors":"Niklas Schild,&nbsp;HADES Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dileptons are an excellent probe to investigate strong-interaction matter under extreme conditions. Their penetrating and virtual nature not only enables invariant measurements, unbiased by the collective expansion of the fireball, but also an insight to the microscopic structure of the dense matter. The High-Acceptance-Di-Electron-Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI, Darmstadt, is uniquely equipped to record and detect these rare probes. Over the last years, it has measured virtual photons, via the di-electron channel, in heavy-ion collisions as well as proton and pion-induced reactions off protons with beam energies of a few GeV per nucleon. Here, we will give a short overview and status update of interesting dilepton observables studied at HADES, including fireball temperature and collectivity studies in terms of anisotropic and radial flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19246,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics A","volume":"1060 ","pages":"Article 123096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nuclear fragmentation at the future electron-ion collider 未来电子-离子对撞机的核碎裂
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Physics A Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123093
C.A. Bertulani , Y. Kucuk , F.S. Navarra
{"title":"Nuclear fragmentation at the future electron-ion collider","authors":"C.A. Bertulani ,&nbsp;Y. Kucuk ,&nbsp;F.S. Navarra","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore the potential of conducting low-energy nuclear physics studies, including nuclear structure and decay, at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven. By comparing the standard theory of electron-nucleus scattering with the equivalent photon method applied to Ultraperipheral Collisions (UPC) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. In the limit of extremely high beam energies and small energy transfers, very transparent equations emerge. We apply these equations to analyze nuclear fragmentation in UPCs at the LHC and <em>eA</em> scattering at the EIC, demonstrating that the EIC could facilitate unique photonuclear physics studies. However, we have also shown that the fragmentation cross-sections at the EIC are about 1,000 times smaller than those at the LHC. At the LHC, the fragmentation of uranium nuclei displays characteristic double-hump mass distributions from fission events, while at the EIC, fragmentation is dominated by neutron emission and fewer few fission products, about 10,000 smaller number of events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19246,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics A","volume":"1059 ","pages":"Article 123093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Weakening of shell gap and shape coexistence in 40Mg, 42Si, and 44S 40Mg、42Si和44S中壳隙和形状共存的减弱
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Physics A Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123091
Pankaj Kumar , Khursheed Ahmad Rather , G.H. Bhat
{"title":"Weakening of shell gap and shape coexistence in 40Mg, 42Si, and 44S","authors":"Pankaj Kumar ,&nbsp;Khursheed Ahmad Rather ,&nbsp;G.H. Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2025.123091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The suppression of <em>N</em> = 28 shell closure is expected towards proton deficient nuclei. As a consequence of which, coexistence of different nuclear shapes occurs in the even-even isotones of <em>N</em> = 28. We have applied covariant density functional theory based on the relativistic energy density functional DD-PCX to study the ground state and shape coexistence in <sup>40</sup>Mg, <sup>42</sup>Si, <sup>44</sup>S, and <sup>46</sup>Ar (even-even <em>N</em> = 28 isotones). The binding energy maps, calculated from unconstrained and constrained calculations, indicate a deformed ground state minimum for <sup>40</sup>Mg, <sup>42</sup>Si, and <sup>44</sup>S. Different nuclear shapes are found to coexist in these nuclei within small excitation energies. In <sup>40</sup>Mg and <sup>42</sup>Si, rigid shapes with different deformations coexist with excitation energies around 2-3 MeV, while <sup>44</sup>S is expected not to have any particular shape due to a small value of excitation energy. The quenching of shell gap in these nuclei is related to the inversion of neutron orbits with different values of Ω and quadrupole excitations neutrons across <em>fp</em> orbits. For further investigation of shape coexistence in these nuclei, we have employed the triaxial projected shell model in which the deformation parameters, calculated from covariant density functional theory, are taken in input. The presence of <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span> state in the low-lying energy spectra of these nuclei support existence of shape coexistence in <sup>40</sup>Mg, <sup>42</sup>Si, and <sup>44</sup>S. Furthermore, a reduced value of electric monopole transition strength, in <sup>44</sup>S, is utilized as a probe for weak mixing of prolately and oblately deformed shapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19246,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics A","volume":"1059 ","pages":"Article 123091"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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