NeuropsychobiologyPub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1159/000521565
Chiara Massullo, Francesco Saverio Bersani, Giuseppe Alessio Carbone, Angelo Panno, Benedetto Farina, Eric Murillo-Rodríguez, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Sérgio Machado, Henning Budde, Claudio Imperatori
{"title":"Decreased Resting State Inter- and Intra-Network Functional Connectivity Is Associated with Perceived Stress in a Sample of University Students: An eLORETA Study.","authors":"Chiara Massullo, Francesco Saverio Bersani, Giuseppe Alessio Carbone, Angelo Panno, Benedetto Farina, Eric Murillo-Rodríguez, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Sérgio Machado, Henning Budde, Claudio Imperatori","doi":"10.1159/000521565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although the study of the Triple Network (TN) model has gained attention in the exploration of stress-related processes, the neurophysiological mechanisms of TN in relation to perceived stress have been relatively understudied in nonclinical samples so far. The main objective of the present study was to investigate, in a sample of university students, the association of perceived stress with resting state electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity in the TN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety university students (40 males and 50 females; mean age 22.30 ± 2.43 years; mean educational level 16.60 ± 1.62 years) were enrolled. EEG data were analyzed through the exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher levels of perceived stress were associated with decreased delta EEG connectivity within the central executive network (CEN) and between the CEN and the salience network (SN). Higher levels of perceived stress were also associated with decreased theta EEG connectivity between the CEN and the SN. The associations between perceived stress and EEG connectivity data were significant even when relevant confounding factors (i.e., sex, age, educational level, and psychopathological symptoms) were controlled for.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Taken together, our results suggest that higher levels of perceived stress are associated with a dysfunctional synchronization within the CEN and between the SN and the CEN. This functional pattern might in part reflect the negative impact of high levels of perceived stress on cognitive functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39773517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeuropsychobiologyPub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2021-06-15DOI: 10.1159/000516234
Tuula Kieseppä, Riitta Mäntylä, Katariina Luoma, Eva Rikandi, Pekka Jylhä, Erkki Isometsä
{"title":"White Matter Hyperintensities after Five-Year Follow-Up and a Cross-Sectional FA Decrease in Bipolar I and Major Depressive Patients.","authors":"Tuula Kieseppä, Riitta Mäntylä, Katariina Luoma, Eva Rikandi, Pekka Jylhä, Erkki Isometsä","doi":"10.1159/000516234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000516234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>An increase in brain white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and a decrease in white matter fractional anisotrophy (FA) have been detected in bipolar I (BPI), II (BPII), and major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Their relationship, and differences in diagnostic groups are obscure. Longitudinal studies are rare.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>After 5-year follow-up, we evaluated WMHs in BPI, BPII, and MDD patients as compared with controls, and studied the effects of clinical variables. We also explored the associations of clinical variables with cross-sectional whole brain FA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight BPI, 8 BPII, 6 MDD patients, and 19 controls participated in magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and follow-up. Diffusion weighted imaging was included at follow-up. WMHs were rated by the Coffey scale, and a tract-based spatial statistics method was used for diffusion data. The general linear model, ANOVA, Fisher's exact, Wilcoxon sign, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Periventricular WMHs were increased in BPI patients (p = 0.047) and associated with the duration of disorder and lifetime occurrence of substance use disorder (p = 0.018). FA decrease was found in the corpus callosum of BPI patients (p < 0.01). MDD patients showed FA decrease in the right cerebellar middle peduncle (RCMP) (p < 0.01). In BPI patients, the duration of disorder associated with FA increase in RCMP (p < 0.05). No FA decrease was detected in patients with WMHs as compared with those without.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preceding illness burden associated modestly with WMHs, and FA increase in RCMP in BPI patients. MDD patients had FA decrease in RCMP. No association with FA decrease and WMHs was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000516234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39234441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeuropsychobiologyPub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2021-05-17DOI: 10.1159/000515930
Alexey A Murashko, Konstantin A Pavlov, Olga V Pavlova, Olga I Gurina, Alexander Shmukler
{"title":"Antibodies against N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor in Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Alexey A Murashko, Konstantin A Pavlov, Olga V Pavlova, Olga I Gurina, Alexander Shmukler","doi":"10.1159/000515930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000515930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to provide comprehensive evidence synthesis including all available up-to-date data about the prevalence of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies (ABs) in psychotic patients in order to evaluate the clinical relevance of ABs as well as to specify potential explanations of the heterogeneity of the findings and determine areas for further research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted using the PubMed/Medline, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven studies and 4 systematic reviews (including 2 meta-analyses) were included in the present review. Studies that used cell-based assays (CBAs) provided heterogeneous results on AB prevalence, obviously depending on the type of detection assay and sample characteristics. Improvement of AB detection methods is necessary to determine the real prevalence of ABs across different groups of patients and healthy people. Live CBAs seem to have better sensitivity but probably poorer specificity than fixed CBAs. Moreover, some links between AB-positive status and acute symptoms are possible. A small amount of data on immunotherapy in AB-positive patients raises the possibility of its effectiveness but obviously require further research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NMDAR ABs are definitely present in a subset of psychotic patients. NMDAR ABs might shape psychosis and underlie some symptoms, and immunotherapy might be regarded as a treatment option for patients failing to respond to other therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000515930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38910112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeuropsychobiologyPub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2021-08-06DOI: 10.1159/000517861
Akira Monji, Yoshito Mizoguchi
{"title":"Neuroinflammation in Late-Onset Schizophrenia: Viewing from the Standpoint of the Microglia Hypothesis.","authors":"Akira Monji, Yoshito Mizoguchi","doi":"10.1159/000517861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000517861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia develops mainly in adolescence, but late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) is not uncommon. According to the international consensus, schizophrenia which develops over 40 years old is called LOS and psychosis which develops over 60 years old is called very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOS). Compared to early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) that develops before the age of 40 years, LOS and VLOS are reported to be more common in women, and there are clinically clear differences such as less involvement of genetic factors than EOS. This review outlines the abnormalities of the neuroimmune system in the pathophysiology of LOS, especially focusing on the role of microglia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39410772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeuropsychobiologyPub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-11-18DOI: 10.1159/000526805
Ke Chen, Maria Garbusow, Miriam Sebold, Hilmar G Zech, Ulrich Zimmermann, Andreas Heinz
{"title":"Automatic Approach Behaviors in Alcohol Dependence: Does a Cognitive Bias Modification Training Affect Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Effects?","authors":"Ke Chen, Maria Garbusow, Miriam Sebold, Hilmar G Zech, Ulrich Zimmermann, Andreas Heinz","doi":"10.1159/000526805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000526805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Positively conditioned Pavlovian cues tend to promote approach and negative cues promote withdrawal in a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm, and the strength of this PIT effect was associated with the subsequent relapse risk in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients. When investigating the effect of alcohol-related background cues, instrumental approach behavior was inhibited in subsequent abstainers but not relapsers. An automatic approach bias towards alcohol can be modified using a cognitive bias modification (CBM) intervention, which has previously been shown to reduce the relapse risk in AD patients. Here we examined the effects of such CBM training on PIT effects and explored its effect on the relapse risk in detoxified AD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>N = 81 recently detoxified AD patients performed non-drug-related and drug-related PIT tasks before and after CBM versus placebo training. In addition, an alcohol approach/avoidance task (aAAT) was performed before and after the training to assess the alcohol approach bias. Patients were followed up for 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A stronger alcohol approach bias as well as a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect predicted relapse status in AD patients. No significant difference regarding relapse status or the number of heavy drinking days was found when comparing the CBM training group versus the placebo group. Moreover, there was no significant modulation effect of CBM training on any PIT effect or the aAAT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A higher alcohol approach bias in the aAAT and a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect both predicted relapse in AD patients, while treatment outcome was not associated with the drug-related PIT effect. Unlike expected, CBM training did not significantly interact with the non-drug-related or the drug-related PIT effects or the alcohol approach bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40477316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neurovegetative and Emotional Modulation Induced by Mozart's Music.","authors":"Margherita Di Cesare, Alessandro Tonacci, Danilo Bondi, Vittore Verratti, Giulia Prete, Gianluca Malatesta, Tiziana Pietrangelo","doi":"10.1159/000525360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000525360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Since decades, the \"Mozart effect\" has been studied. However, the diverse effects of Mozart's music components have not been yet defined. Authors aimed to identify a differential response to short-term exposure to Mozart's music, or to its rhythmic signature only, on subjective and objective measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Mozart Sonata in A major K 331 (Mozart), the same piece consisting only of beat (Destructured), and duration-matched silence were administered to 25 healthy young adults, stood supine in a relaxing setting. The Italian Mood Scale questionnaire was administered before and after each listening. Heart rate variability (HRV) metrics were calculated from ECG recording, and breath flow was registered during experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After Destructured, there was no change of fatigue and tension. After Mozart, fatigue was significantly reduced (and a tendency appeared for tension), whereas vigor was not. Breathing rate tended to be higher during Mozart. The nonlinear parameter HFD of HRV analysis, even though not significantly, was slightly lower during Destructured; Poincaré plots SD1 and SD2 tended to be lower during Mozart.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>Mozart's music may allow to maintain arousal during relaxing condition. Psychological response of music and physiological dynamics were not necessarily entangled. Musical pieces based on individual physiological signature may lead musical psychological interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40399530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeuropsychobiologyPub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1159/000517329
Franziska C Weber, Thomas C Wetter
{"title":"The Many Faces of Sleep Disorders in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An Update on Clinical Features and Treatment.","authors":"Franziska C Weber, Thomas C Wetter","doi":"10.1159/000517329","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000517329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep disorders and nightmares are core symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The relationship seems to be bidirectional, and persistent disturbed sleep may influence the course of the disorder. With regard to sleep quality, insomnia and nocturnal anxiety symptoms, as well as nightmares and stressful dreams, are the most prominent sleep symptoms. Polysomnographic measurements reveal alterations of the sleep architecture and fragmentation of rapid eye movement sleep. In addition, sleep disorders, such as sleep-related breathing disorders and parasomnias are frequent comorbid conditions. The complex etiology and symptomatology of trauma-related sleep disorders with frequent psychiatric comorbidity require the application of multimodal treatment concepts, including psychological and pharmacological interventions. However, there is little empirical evidence on the effectiveness of long-term drug treatment for insomnia and nightmares. For nondrug interventions, challenges arise from the current lack of PTSD-treatment concepts integrating sleep- and trauma-focused therapies. Effective therapy for sleep disturbances may consequently also improve well-being during the day and probably even the course of PTSD. Whether early sleep interventions exert a preventive effect on the development of PTSD remains to be clarified in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9153357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39378697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Family Relationships and Alcohol Consumption: Interaction with the Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism (5-HTTLPR).","authors":"Farzaneh Zareei, Toomas Veidebaum, Jaanus Harro","doi":"10.1159/000526004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000526004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The interaction of environmental and inherited factors determines how a young person becomes involved in problem behaviours such as drinking alcohol. We have investigated whether the association of family relationships with early experience with alcohol is related to variation in the serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5-HTTLPR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data of the two birth cohorts of the Estonian Personality Behaviour and Health Study (original n = 1,238) at age 15 and 18 years. Data were self-reported in a laboratory setting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Family relationships at age 15 years were significantly related to the frequency of drinking alcohol. Specifically, association of Warmth in Family (closeness and support within family) with consuming alcohol was in a negative, while maltreatment (misprize and abuse) in a positive relationship with alcohol consumption. At age 18 years, the effects of family relationships on consuming alcohol were lower and no longer statistically significant (p values >0.10). The associations between family relations and alcohol use at age 15 years varied by the 5-HTTLPR genotype: at this age, the impact of the family relations, both Warmth and Maltreatment, on the frequency of drinking alcohol was statistically significant among participants with the S/L genotype, and while rather similar results were obtained for the S/S genotype, no relations were apparent between family relations and consuming alcohol in subjects with the L/L genotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings reveal that family relations are related to alcohol consumption, dependent upon the 5-HTTLPR genotype. This is compatible with the hypothesis that the S-allele carriers are more malleable by the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10716192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeuropsychobiologyPub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2021-10-15DOI: 10.1159/000514076
Mi Su, Yongyan Song
{"title":"The Association between COMT Val158Met Polymorphism and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Risk: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mi Su, Yongyan Song","doi":"10.1159/000514076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000514076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genetic factors were suggested to have influence on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The possible association between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism and PTSD has been evaluated in several studies. But the results were still controversial. Therefore, we conduct this meta-analysis to address these issues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to estimate the association between COMT Val158Met polymorphism and PTSD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five articles including 6 studies with 893 cases and 968 controls were finally included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled analyses did not demonstrate a significant association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and PTSD in any of the selected genetic models: allele model (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.97-1.31), dominant model (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.93-1.46), recessive model (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.78-2.66), and additive model (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.85-2.80). Subgroup analyses suggested that the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium status of genotype distributions could influence the relationship of COMT Val158Met polymorphism and PTSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present meta-analysis suggested that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism may not be associated with the PTSD risk. Further large-scale and population-representative studies are warranted to evaluate the impact of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on the risk of PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39524146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}