Neuropsychobiology最新文献

{"title":"The Association between COMT Val158Met Polymorphism and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Risk: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mi Su,&nbsp;Yongyan Song","doi":"10.1159/000514076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000514076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genetic factors were suggested to have influence on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The possible association between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism and PTSD has been evaluated in several studies. But the results were still controversial. Therefore, we conduct this meta-analysis to address these issues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to estimate the association between COMT Val158Met polymorphism and PTSD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five articles including 6 studies with 893 cases and 968 controls were finally included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled analyses did not demonstrate a significant association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and PTSD in any of the selected genetic models: allele model (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.97-1.31), dominant model (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.93-1.46), recessive model (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.78-2.66), and additive model (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.85-2.80). Subgroup analyses suggested that the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium status of genotype distributions could influence the relationship of COMT Val158Met polymorphism and PTSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present meta-analysis suggested that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism may not be associated with the PTSD risk. Further large-scale and population-representative studies are warranted to evaluate the impact of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on the risk of PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":"81 2","pages":"156-170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39524146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Cannabidiol Coated by Nano-Chitosan on Learning and Memory, Hippocampal CB1 and CB2 Levels, and Amyloid Plaques in an Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model.","authors":"Mohammadali Amini,&nbsp;Zohreh Abdolmaleki","doi":"10.1159/000519534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Using nanoparticle (NP) drugs can have better effects on the target tissue in various diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the degenerative neurological diseases that due to its high prevalence, requires the use of more appropriate treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study was consideration of the effect of cannabidiol (CBD) coated by nano-chitosan on learning and memory, hippocampal cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB2) levels, and amyloid plaques in an AD rat model.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 7 in each): control, Alzheimer's disease model that received the beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide (Alz), Alz + nano-chitosan (NP) Alz + CBD, and Alz + NP + CBD. Alz was induced by injection of the Aβ1-42 peptide into the hippocampal area cornu ammonis1. After confirmation of Alz, 1 μL of CBD and NP + CBD were administered by oral gavage daily in rats for 1 month. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to assess learning and memory of animals. Cresyl violet staining was used for consideration of dead cells. Gene and protein expression of CB1 and CB2 was performed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Induction of Alz significantly increased Aβ plaques and dead cells compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Results of MWM in the day test show that Alz + NP + CBD significantly decrease escape latency (p < 0.01), travelled distance (p < 0.001), and significantly increased spending time (p < 0.001) compared to the Alz group. Protein expression of CB1 and CB2 significantly increased in Alz + CBD and Alz + NP + CBD compared to the Alz group (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It seems that CBD coated by nano-chitosan has good potential for reducing Aβ plaques, increasing brain CB1 and levels CB2, and improving learning and memory in Alz rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":"81 3","pages":"171-183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39584307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levetiracetam as an Adjunctive Treatment for Mania: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Amir Keshavarzi, Aziz Sharifi, Leila Jahangard, Alireza Soltanian, Annette Beatrix Brühl, Mohammad Ahmadpanah, Serge Brand","doi":"10.1159/000520457","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000520457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Levetiracetam is an anticonvulsant with a low side effect profile and favorable properties for individuals with bipolar I disorder during their manic phase. Despite initial promising results until about 2008, it appears that this track of research has not been followed-up. To counter this, we tested the influence of adjuvant levetiracetam on acute mania, compared to placebo. More specifically, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial among inpatients with bipolar disorder I during their acute phase of mania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 72 inpatients (mean age: 33.98 years; 23.6% females) with diagnosed bipolar disorder I and during their acute manic phase were randomly assigned either to the adjuvant levetiracetam (250 mg to a maximum of 1,500 mg) or to the placebo condition. Standard medication was lithium at therapeutic dosages. At baseline, participants completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographic information and subjective sleep. Subjective sleep was re-assessed 24 days later at the end of the study. Experts rated participants' acute state of mania with the Young Mania Rating Scale at baseline and at day 12 and day 24. Participants' cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and at day 24 at the end of the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over time, mania scores significantly decreased (large effect size), but more so in the levetiracetam condition, compared to the placebo condition (medium effect size). Likewise, over time, subjective sleep improved (large effect size), but more so in the levetiracetam condition, compared to the placebo condition (large effect size). Over time, cognitive performance improved (large effect size), irrespective of the study condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to placebo, adjuvant levetiracetam to lithium improved symptoms of mania, as rated by experts, and subjective sleep quality. Adjuvant levetiracetam had no further favorable (or detrimental) impact on cognitive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":"81 3","pages":"192-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9227682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39642816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family Relationships and Alcohol Consumption: Interaction with the Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism (5-HTTLPR).","authors":"Farzaneh Zareei,&nbsp;Toomas Veidebaum,&nbsp;Jaanus Harro","doi":"10.1159/000526004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000526004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The interaction of environmental and inherited factors determines how a young person becomes involved in problem behaviours such as drinking alcohol. We have investigated whether the association of family relationships with early experience with alcohol is related to variation in the serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5-HTTLPR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data of the two birth cohorts of the Estonian Personality Behaviour and Health Study (original n = 1,238) at age 15 and 18 years. Data were self-reported in a laboratory setting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Family relationships at age 15 years were significantly related to the frequency of drinking alcohol. Specifically, association of Warmth in Family (closeness and support within family) with consuming alcohol was in a negative, while maltreatment (misprize and abuse) in a positive relationship with alcohol consumption. At age 18 years, the effects of family relationships on consuming alcohol were lower and no longer statistically significant (p values >0.10). The associations between family relations and alcohol use at age 15 years varied by the 5-HTTLPR genotype: at this age, the impact of the family relations, both Warmth and Maltreatment, on the frequency of drinking alcohol was statistically significant among participants with the S/L genotype, and while rather similar results were obtained for the S/S genotype, no relations were apparent between family relations and consuming alcohol in subjects with the L/L genotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings reveal that family relations are related to alcohol consumption, dependent upon the 5-HTTLPR genotype. This is compatible with the hypothesis that the S-allele carriers are more malleable by the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":"81 6","pages":"497-505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10716192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal Subfield Volumes and Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders.","authors":"Kasumi Yasuda,&nbsp;Shinichi Yamada,&nbsp;Shinya Uenishi,&nbsp;Natsuko Ikeda,&nbsp;Atsushi Tamaki,&nbsp;Yuji Ohoshi,&nbsp;Tomikimi Tsuji,&nbsp;Shun Takahashi","doi":"10.1159/000521102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The hippocampus is relevant to cognitive function in schizophrenia (SCZ) and mood disorder patients. Although not anatomically uniform, it is clearly divided into subfields. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between hippocampal subfield volume and cognitive function in patients with SCZ, bipolar disorder (BP), and major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 21 patients with SCZ, 22 with BP, and 21 with MDD and 25 healthy controls (HCs). Neurocognitive function was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. We obtained hippocampal subfield volumes using FreeSurfer 6.0. We compared the volumes of the hippocampal subfield between the 4 groups and ascertained correlation between the cognitive composite score and hippocampal subfield volume in each group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SCZ group had significantly lower cognitive composite score than the BP, MDD, and HC groups. In the SCZ group, the left and right hippocampus-amygdala transition area and right subiculum and right presubiculum volumes were significantly reduced compared to those in the HC group. The left presubiculum volumes in the SCZ group were significantly reduced compared to those in the MDD group. Subfield volumes did not significantly differ between the BP, MDD, and HC groups. Interestingly, in the SCZ group, volumes of the right CA1, right molecular layer of the hippocampus, and right granule cell and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus were significantly correlated with the cognitive composite score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with SCZ had poorer cognitive function, which is related to their hippocampal pathology, than those with mood disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":"81 3","pages":"204-214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39700937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Probiotic Complex on the Gut-Brain Axis: A Translational Study.","authors":"Vincenzo Nobile,&nbsp;Silvana Giardina,&nbsp;Francesco Puoci","doi":"10.1159/000518385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000518385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut-brain axis refers to the network of connections that involve multiple biologic systems, allowing bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. This communication is mainly mediated by gut microbiota, thanks to its ability to modulate several processes like the production of neurotransmitters. As such, keeping a balanced gut microbiota through probiotic intake could be a valid solution in supporting the right gut-brain communications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-step in vitro screening of five different probiotic strains was carried out to select the best performers in the modulation of stress markers. A first selection on SK-N-DZ neuronal cell lines was performed to evaluate the inhibition of the epigenetic enzyme LSD1, promotion of GABA, and expression of serotonin. Three out of five strains were tested for their ability to promote serotonin synthesis in the Caco2 cell line. As a result, Limosilactobacillus reuteri PBS072 and Bifidobacterium breve BB077 were selected as the best performing strains. To confirm their effects in humans, a proof-of-concept trial was carried out to evaluate stress-related parameters for 28 days of product intake in a group of 30 stressed students.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant improvement of cognitive functions, in terms of short-term memory, attention, and executive performance, as well as of psychophysiological markers, such as salivary cortisol level, skin conductance, sleep quality, and anxiety, were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the results, L. reuteri PBS072 and B. breve BB077 are potential probiotic candidates for improving stress resilience, cognitive functions, and sleep quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":"81 2","pages":"116-126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39413533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Anterior Insula in the Salience Network on Response to Antidepressants in Major Depressive Disorder as Revealed by Isolated Effective Coherence.","authors":"Shota Minami,&nbsp;Masaki Kato,&nbsp;Shunichiro Ikeda,&nbsp;Masafumi Yoshimura,&nbsp;Satsuki Ueda,&nbsp;Yosuke Koshikawa,&nbsp;Yoshiteru Takekita,&nbsp;Toshihiko Kinoshita,&nbsp;Keiichiro Nishida","doi":"10.1159/000525338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000525338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Functional connectivity is attracting increasing attention for understanding the pathophysiology of depression and predicting the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants. In this study, we evaluated effective connectivity using isolated effective coherence (iCoh), an effective functional connectivity analysis method developed from low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) and estimated its practical usefulness for predicting the reaction to antidepressants in theta and alpha band iCoh values.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 25 participants from a depression treatment randomized study (the GUNDAM study) in which electroencephalography was performed before treatment. We conducted iCoh between the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and anterior insula (AI), which are associated with the salience network. The patients were divided into responder and nonresponder groups at 4 weeks after the start of treatment, and iCoh values were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity of iCoh were calculated using the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Mann-Whitney U test showed significantly weaker connectivity flow from the rACC to the left AI in the alpha band in the responder group. The ROC curve for the connectivity flow from the rACC to the left AI in the alpha band showed 82% sensitivity and 86% specificity.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest the pathological importance of effective connectivity flow from the rACC to the left AI in the alpha and theta bands and suggest its usefulness as a biomarker to distinguish responders to antidepressants.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":"81 6","pages":"475-483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10348425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MMN and P3a Elicited by a Novelty Oddball Paradigm Are Not Reduced in Early-Phase Psychosis.","authors":"Hayley Riel,&nbsp;Erica Rudolph,&nbsp;Catrina MacPhee,&nbsp;Philip G Tibbo,&nbsp;Derek J Fisher","doi":"10.1159/000526745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000526745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study compared the mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a waveforms among early-phase psychosis (EPP; n = 13) individuals and healthy controls (n = 30) to contribute to the research on these waveforms as potential biomarkers for schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MMN and P3a were elicited with a novelty paradigm using complex stimuli with electrophysiological technology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant group differences of amplitude were observed with either waveform. Increased asociality and blunted affect were associated with a reduction in both MMN and P3a waveforms indicating a relationship between these negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Good social and occupational functioning correlated with improved MMN and P3a waveforms in the EPP group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that MMN and P3a may be more appropriately used as an indicator of illness progression and symptomology rather than a biomarker in the early phase of the illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":"81 6","pages":"506-515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10351956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroacupuncture Prevents the Depression-Like Behavior by Inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway in Hippocampus of Mice Subjected to Chronic Mild Stress.","authors":"Qi Wang,&nbsp;Hongsheng Bi,&nbsp;Hongfei Huang,&nbsp;Yitong Wang,&nbsp;Lili Gong,&nbsp;Na Qi,&nbsp;Dongdong Li,&nbsp;Xin Jin,&nbsp;Tianchao Xu,&nbsp;Baoguang Shi","doi":"10.1159/000521185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The precise physiological mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of depression are still unknown. This study aimed to observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on depression-like behavior of mouse in chronic mild stress (CMS) model and explore the underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The depression model was established by using CMS method for 6 weeks. After the third week of the CMS paradigm, EA treatment was performed daily for 15 min over a period of 3 weeks. The antidepressant-like effects of EA were evaluated using the sucrose preference test and the forced swimming test (FST). The protein levels of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), p-NF-κB, inhibitor of NF-κB, p-IκBα, NOD-like receptor protein 3, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in hippocampus of mice were detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sucrose preference was decreased after 6 weeks of CMS and the effects of CMS was reversed by EA. CMS increased immobility time and decreased latency to the first immobility in the FST test, but these effects were reversed by EA. CMS-induced nuclear entry of NF-κB (nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of NF-κB) with an increase in protein levels of p-NF-κB and p-IκBα in the hippocampus. The CMS also increased NLRP3 levels in the hippocampus. However, these effects were reversed by EA. In addition, the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α in the hippocampus were increased by CMS, and these effects of stress were reversed by EA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EA prevented CMS-induced depressive-like behaviors by inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":"81 3","pages":"237-245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39810967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extrastriatal Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availability in Alcohol Use Disorder and Individuals at High Risk.","authors":"Gianna Spitta,&nbsp;Tobias Gleich,&nbsp;Kristin Zacharias,&nbsp;Oisin Butler,&nbsp;Ralph Buchert,&nbsp;Jürgen Gallinat","doi":"10.1159/000521103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Reduced striatal dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been demonstrated in recent clinical studies and meta-analyses. However, only a limited number of studies investigated extrastriatal D2/3 availability in AUD or in at-risk populations. In line with a dimensional understanding of addiction, extrastriatal dopaminergic neuroadaptations have been suggested to be relevant from a pathobiological perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated D2/3 receptor availability via 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography applying a region of interest (ROI) approach. We selected ROIs for the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Our sample included 19 healthy controls (low risk [LR]), 19 individuals at high risk (HR) to develop addiction, and 20 recently detoxified AUD patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significantly higher D2/3 receptor availability of HR compared to AUD in the left and right rostral ACC (rACC), as well as in the left ventrolateral PFC (vlPFC). We did not observe a significant difference between AUD and LR. After corrections for multiple comparisons none of the ROIs reached significance throughout the group comparison. The D2/3 receptor availability in the left rACC was inversely correlated with symptom severity assessed with the Alcohol Dependency Scale.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>To our knowledge, the present work is the first study investigating extrastriatal D2/3 receptor availabilities in individuals at HR and patients with AUD. The observation that D2/3 receptor availabilities are highest in HR might suggest that their pathobiology differs from subjects with AUD. Future studies are necessary to clarify the intraindividual course of this biomarker over different disease stages and its possible role as a risk or protective factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":"81 3","pages":"215-224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39811091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}